{aridoc engine=”pdfjs” width=”570″ height=”600″}images/Doc/Sindh_Mean_Siyasi_Churpur_2.pdf{/aridoc}

{aridoc engine=”pdfjs” width=”570″ height=”600″}images/Doc/Sindh_Mean_Siyasi_Churpur_1.pdf{/aridoc}

Dr.Dur Muhammad Pathan

                                                                      Correspondence of Political Agents of East India Government regarding   Sind Mission. (Compilation)

Letter, dated 24^th November 1831, from Captain Sir C. Malcolm, Superintendent of Navy, to Earl of Clare, President and Governor in Council, informing him as to the time the Sind Mission, under Colonel Pottenger would take to reach Mandvi  ; letter from Mr.  C.  Morris, Chief Secretary to Government of Bombay to Captain Sir C. Malcolm in reply to the above letter; letter No. 1789, dated 28^th November 1831, from Government of Bombay to Envoy in Sind informing him that an advance of Rs. 15,000 had been made in his favour on account of the mission to Sind; (Year, 1832 Department. Political… File No, 300 Page (1-3) &) (Year 1832 Department Political… 300 Page (5) &)

Letter from Governor in Council to His Highness Nawab Bahawalkhan, Daood Potra, Chief of Bahawalpore, making a Present of certain valuable articles to him for showing kind attentions and hospitality to Lieutenant Burns while on his journey to Lahore ; (Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (9-10) & )

Letter No. 256, dated 20^th November 1831, from Political Superintendent, Cutch to Government of Bombay relating to the pursuit after free-booters ( Soda Jagatsing of Nagar Parkar and Soda Poonjaji of Vera- veer ) by Sindian troops under Nawab Ghulam Shah Laghari, Chief of Saimkote.(Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (22-24) &)

Letter, dated December 1831, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a   copy of a letter written under order of Governor-General to Political Assistant at Ludhiana, and of one to the address of Maharajah Ranjeetsing, Ruler of Lahore, relating to Colonel Potenger’s Mission to the courts of Ameers in Sind in connection with improvement of means of intercourse between His Highness’s territories and those of British Government by the route of Indus; (Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (47-54) &)

Letter No. 43, dated 9^th January 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of his Progress report relating to the mission to the Ameers of Sind and sanctioning grant of Presents to the Agent of His Highness Meer Murad Ali Khan of Sind; (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300 (71-72) & )

Letter, dated 12^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of the emissary of Meer Naseer Khan and of the course proposed to be followed in continuing his journey to Hyderabad;( Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300 (73-83) &)

Letter, dated 19^th January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing how he was received by the ‘Mahenandaes’ of Meer Murad Ali Khan, that his baggage was detained at the mouth of Indus and that he remonstrated with the ‘Mahemandars’ of Meer Alimurad Khan against the unfriendly act on the part of the Meer; (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (26-35) &)

Letter No. 2, dated 21^st January 1832, from Government of Bombay directing Colonel Pottenger to act in accordance with sentiments expressed in extract paragraphs 5 to 8 of the dispatch from the Governor-General. (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (87-89) &)

Letter No. 40, dated 21^st January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India stating that Syed Zainuddin discussed with him the claims of several rival candidates to the musnud of Sind Government after to the death of Meer Muradali Khan; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (41-51) &)

Letter from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of a letter and it translation from Meer Murad Ali Khan expressing His Highness’s friendly wishes and intentions towards His Lordship;(Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (41-51)&)

Letter, dated 25^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger stating that the accounts of the Sind Mission will ultimately be passed by Supreme Government, but as the Bombay Government were connected with the Mission it would be convenient that they should pass in the first instance through that Government;(Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300(93-94)&)

Letter, dated 26^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of his letter of 8^th idem and expressing-

(i)                 His Lordship’s approval of the instructions issued to Dr. Del Hoste to avail himself of the opportunities afforded by the Mission to extend acquaintance with the Geography of Sind;

(ii)               Enjoining great caution to avoid incurring any imputation of converting the Mission into an expedition for the purpose of exploring the routes and military resources of the country.(Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(95-96) &)

Letter, dated 15^th February 1832, from Government of India in reply to Colonel Pottenger’s letter No. 38, dated 21^st January 1832, expressing approval of his conduct in the intercourse he had with Mehmandars; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(117-118) &)

Letter No. 43, dated 31^st January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the following proceedings with the Government of Sind with effect from the date of his arrival in Sind :-

(a)   Suspicions raised in the mind of Meer Muradali owing to the deputation of Colonel Pottenger to Khairpur and obstruction put by the Ameer in the Colonel Pottenger’s design to proceed to Khairpur;

(b)   Reception of Colonel Pottenger and his associates by Meer Muradali Khan;

(c)    Interview of Colonel Pottenger with the Ameer.

(d)   Draft treaty consisting of nine articles-Discussions of-with Munshi Khushiram. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (52-103) &)

Letters No. 46 and 46-B of 3^rd February 1832 and 5^th February 1832, respectively, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Meer Muradali had permitted him to proceed to Khairpur had permitted him to proceed to Khairpur and that before leaving Hyderabad he had sent an outline of treaty to Meer Muradali to calm his suspicions and asking for further instructions;( Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (147-175) (178-190) &)

Letter No. 53, dated 11^th February 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing:-

(a)   That Meer Muradali accepted the Presents sent by His Lordship;

(b)   That he had  another interview with Meer Muradali Khan;

(e)   That owing to certain disturbances at Khairpur his departure had been postponed to that place at the expressed desire of the Meer; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (190-215) &)

Letter, dated 17^th February 1832, from Government of India in reply to Colonel Pottenger’s letter No. 40, dated 21^st January 1832, approving of the manner in which he discussed the question of succession and the caution maintained by him, and giving future instructions in connection with the matter; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (119-120) &)

Letter, dated from February 1832, from Government of India forwarding, for information, to Colonel Pottenger copies of-

(I)                 A letter from Maharajah Ranjeetsing respecting the navigation of the River Indus and by him in explanation;

(2)         A letter from Maharajah Ranjistsing in reply;

(3)         Letter from Government of India in reply to the above. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (201-207) &)

Letter, dated February 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of Colonel Pottenger’s letter of 31^st January 1832 and approving of his conduct in the difficult and troublesome discussions with Ruler of Hyderabad and his officers;(Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(161-163) &)

Letter No. 56 of Colonel Pottenger appointing Dr. Delhoste to proceed to Khairpur and giving him instructions for guidance. ;( Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(249-290) &)

Letter No. 57, dated 22^nd February 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the following further proceedings at the Court of Meer Muradali:-

(I)         Message from Meer Muradali Khan desiring Colonel Pottenger to quit Hyderabad at once and proceed to Khairpur;

(2)        Memorandum from Colonel Potenger to Meer Muradali stating that he was ready to act agreeably to his advice and that he was waiting for reply from Meer Rustomkhan;

 (3)       Deputation of Ahmedkhan and Bakshali to accompany Colonel Pottenger and his party to Khairpur;

(4) March of Kharaksing to Dera Gazikhan and preparations made by Ameers of Hyderabad to meet him on the Sind Frontier;

(5)         Message from Meer Muradalikhan desiring Colonel Pottenger to return to Cutch if such a contingency arose and informing that he would write a letter to His Highness Governor-General explaining him the reason for dismissing the Mission;

(6) Memorandum from Colonel Potenger to the Meer making some suggestions for establishing certain degree of political influence, without which no treaty would be found effectual.

(7) Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Murad Ali Khan informing that he had decided to send one of the gentlemen of his suite (Dr. Delhoste) to Khairpur ;unfriendly attitude adopted by the officers and difficulties thrown in the way of Colonel Pottenger’s access to Khairpur by the Meer and Colonel Pottenger’s protest. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(249-290) &)

Letters, dated 29^th February 1832, and 2^nd March 1832, from Dr. Delhoste, attached to the Mission to Colonel Pottenger, relating to his reception at the Khairpur Durbar. ; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(167-181) &)

Letter No. 71 of March 1832 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger reporting depredations committed by the Free-booter Pittoojee Waghela and requesting that it should be brought to the notice of the Ameers, if so desired. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(188) &)

Letter, dated 17^th March 1832, from Government of India (I) approving, with certain modifications of the draft treaty negotiated with Meer Muradali and giving further instructions; (2) forwarding a letter to the address of Meer Muradali Khan, assuring His Highness that British Government had no desire to covet his possessions (i.e. Shikarpur) and that integrity of Sind dominions will ever be respected. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(209-211) &)

Letter, dated 17^th March 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger, conveying His Excellency the Governor General’s approbation of the prudent and conciliatory course of proceedings which he (Colonel-Pottenger) adhered throughout the course of his negotiations and furnishing further instructions. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(213-218) &)

Letter No.59, dated 19^th March 1832, from Acting Resident at Bhooj forwarding copies of correspondence relating to complaint of one Sador Rahbaree of Palanpur against an outrage committed by certain Khosas of Islamkote and (2) of a letter to the address of Ameers of Sind for redress of grievances. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(268-270) &)

Letter No.64, dated 27^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Governor-General of India reporting the arrival of Mission at Khairpur and their proceedings at the Court of that Ameer as under:-

(I)                 Letter from Meer Rustomkhan inviting Colonel Potenger to his Court and informing that officers would be dispatched to meet him on the Frontier;

(2)        Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Muradalikhan informing him of his departure to Khairpur and requesting that orders be issued to the boatmen to accompany him; Message Zulfukarkhan to Colonel Pottenger requesting him not to write anything to his Excellency Governor-General that would create displeasure towards him and desiring that Government of India would allow him (Colonel Pottenger) to remain at Cutch as no one would understand the way to preserve and add to friendly feelings between two Governments; reply from Colonel Potenger to the above stating that he was grateful to His Highness’s good opinion about him and that he was sure that Governor-General  and Governor of Bombay would replace him in Cutch or place some other capable officer there;

(3)          Colonel Pottenger’s present of one hundred Gola (venetians) to Syed Zulfukarkhan; Meer Muradali’s letter to Colonel Pottenger stating that it was contrary to the custom of his Government to receive such gifts; Colonel Pottenger’s suitable reply to the above;

(4)         Departure of Colonel Pottenger from Hyderabad on 27^th February 1832, and his arrival on 10^th March 1832 at Mithiani the first village in Meer Rustomkhan’s territories where he was met by Dewajikhan, Diwan Lakhmichand and others.

(5)         Letter from Dr. Delhoste regarding his good reception at Khairpur, enclosing a letter from the Mir expressing his friendship with British Government and cordially inviting Colonel Pottenger to his court;

(6)        Arrival of Colonel Pottenger at Khairpur on 21^st March 1832; Wazir Fatehkhan Ghori met him at the town of kot Laloo and informed him that Mir Rustomkhan was anxious to meet him; hearty welcome accorded and munificient hospitality shown to Colonel Pottenger; 23^rd March was fixed for public reception of the Mission; Colonel Pottenger sent a draft treaty to Meer Rustom Khan and requested him to add to or alter it any way he considered necessary; Further interview granted to Colonel Pottenger; draft treaty discussed with Mir Mubarak Khan and the Vazir ; the terms were seffled and copied fair. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(297-327) &)

Letter No. 68, dated 16^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding them a copy of a letter, dated 28^th March 1832, from Jethmal, Native Agent at Hyderabad, relating to-

(I)                 Plundering of Larkana Purgunnah by the Thanedat of Mehrabkhan Brohee and deportation of Ahmedkhan son of Nawab Wali Mohomed for committing reprisals;

 (2)       Interview of Captain Wade with Maharajah Ranjeetsing for permission to open a factory at Mithankot. Meer Muradali Khan hearing of this desired that if a factory was opened at Mithankote there was no necessity of opening another in Sind. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(342-349) &)

Letter No. 69, dated 6^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing-

(I)                 That negotiation with Khairpur State has taken a turn which would appear equally inexplicable and unexpected to His Lordship.

(2)         That several alterations  were suggested in the treaty by the officers of Khaipur    State, which in his opinion, were absolutely useless and that he informed the Vazir that he would take care to bring to the notice of Governor-General that such useless stuff had not proceeded from him;

(3)   That he had a further interview with Meer Rustomkhan on 5^th April 1832 but he had to return to his tents without being able to discover the cause of the visit having proved abortive. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(349-385) &)

Letter No, 71, dated 14^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting-

(I)                 That Meer Rustomkhan suggested certain modifications to be made in the treaty which he refused point blank and at his request he omitted paragraph 5 of the treaty altogether;

(2)        That he had a last interview with Meers Rustomkhan, Mubarak Khan and Alimurad Khan when the treaty was exchanged between the parties; Meer Rustomkhan thereafter dismissed the Mission in kindest manner possible.

(3)      Meer Rustomkhan sent to Colonel Pottenger certain presents worth Rs. 1,000 in all;

(4)      Visit of sons of Meer Rustomkhan and Mubarak Khan to Colonel Pottenger as a token of respect for him;

(5)     His departure from Khairpur on 11^th April 1832;

(6)     Pointing out certain inconsistencies displayed by Meer Rustomkhan, his relations and ministers and at the same time assuring that the Meer was really disposed to form close alliance with British Government but he was restrained by his brother and Meer Muradali Khan of whom he could not be said to be independent;

(7)     That the question relating to succession to supreme authority at Khairpur on demise of Meer Rustomkhan was unsettled as that of Hyderabad;

(8)     That Meer Alimurad Khan made certain overtures in an underhand way and he desired to enter into a separate treaty, granting favourable terms, which he refused. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(406-443) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Meer Muradali Khan of Hyderabad had agreed to hand over British Government some of the chiefs of Parkar and traitor Ismailkhan and requesting that Captain Robert might be directed to proceed to Lukhput to receive the prisoners; letter of 17^th May 1832 from Government of Bombay approving of the above proceedings. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(450-452) &)

Letter No. 80, dated 1^st May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting:-

(I)                 Return of mission from Khairpur and their arrival at Hyderabad on 16^th April 1832.

(2)         That a memorandum was received from Meer Muradali Khan asking him for information on several points in connection with the Mission at Khairpur and his reply there to;

(3)        That had an interview with His Highness Meer Muradali and other Ameers and the former spoken about the treaty which he (Colonel   Pottenger) promised to send to him on the next day; the terms of the treaty were discussed with Munshi Khushiram who took a copy of it to Meer Muradali;

(4)         That on evening of 20^th Meer Bakar and Diwan Baharmal brought a statement of customs and other duties leviable on goods and vessels passing up the Indus which were very high; he remonstrated with Diwan and explained to him the position His Lordship the Governor-General would take if His Highness insisted to adopt the above tariff schedule; that in the afternoon of 21^st Munshi Khushiram with others returned with the statement of customs schedule and said that Meer Muradali desired that they should be definitely fixed before he (Colonel Potenger quitted Hyderabad ; the deputation was assured that the question would be fairly considered and discussed by British Government and that the matter would be referred to His Highness Meer Muradali’s final approbation and confirmation;

 (5) Final interview with His Highness Meer Muradali on 22^nd April when the treaty was given to him. The Ameer introduced Bahadoor Khan Khokhur, the Chief, to whom he proposed to entrust the duty of extirpating the robbers who committed depredations on the requested that speedy arrangements be made with Rajah of Jessulmere for dispatch of army against the plunderers.

(6) Meer Muradali Khan granted permission to the Mission to return to India and sent several presents for Colonel Pottenger.

(7) That a supplementary treaty was signed and handed over to Colonel Pottenger.

(8) Departure of Mission from Hyderabad on 28^th April 1832.

(9) Forwarding a copy of the revised treaty with His Highness Meer Muradali of Hyderabad and discussing suitability or otherwise of the proposed rates of custom duties. &c.

Letter, dated 2^nd May 1832, from Government of India forwarding for information a copy of the report of Captain Wade on the commerce of Punjab. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(452-502) &)

Letter No. 82, dated 7^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Khosas and other Banditti, among whom was one Pettajee Waghela , had committed depredations in eastern districts of Sind and had repulsed the detachment sent against them by Meer Alimurad of Mirpur.

Visit of Bahadurkhan Khokhar to Colonel Pottenger and his desire to carry operations against the free-booters during the rains;(Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (518-525) &)

Letter No. 83 of 7^th idem from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay dispatching the above for transmission to Government of India and requesting for co-operation of Rajahs of Jessulmere in routing with British and Sind Government in routing the Khosas and other murderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (526-530) &)

Letter, dated 10^th May 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of several letters received from him and expressing regret at the sudden turn which negotiations at Khairpur had taken and trusting that authorities at Khairpur would not impede the attainments of the principal object of the Mission, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (317-318) &)

Letter No. 84, dated 13^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India asking for orders on the disposal of presents and informing that the accounts of the mission would be sent after two months. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (530-536) &)

Letter No. 93, dated 14^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting three original treaties concluded by him with the Ameer of Khairpur and Hyderabad. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (561-563) &)

Letter No. 87, dated 18^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Naseerkhan of Mirpur made overtures for a separate treaty on favourable terms but he refused to do anything with him without orders of Governer-General. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (541-546) &)

Letter No.67, dated 26^th May 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger approving of measures suggested for extirpation of Parkar free-booters and arrangements made with the Ameers of Hyderabad for the purpose. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (327-329) &)

Letter No. 104, dated 11^th june1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India.

(I)                 Submitting with his remarks copies and translations of statements of duties furnished by chiefs of Hyderabad and Khairpur in virtue of treaties concluded with them;

   (2)      Informing that Duties on goods carried by land were quite high; commerce in                 Sind was therefore at a standstill and that this fact appeared to have given to the Ameers the smallest concern and that on several occasion His Highness Meer Muradali expressed that he and his family would deeply regret the revival of trade by Indus, whatever fiscal advantages he might reap. This was because it interfered with his shikargahs or preserves for game with which the whole course of Indus from Tatta to Sehwas was lined, &c.

(3) Giving a vivid description of river Indus and bringing to notice the deplorable condition of its banks and suggesting several improvements for its proper navigation;

(4)   Drawing attention to the Journal of Royal Asiatic Society of London for 1830-31, Page 227, in which the exports and imports were fully stated;

(5) Stating that at the time of invasion of Nadirshah there were forty thousand weavers of loongis and Calico at Tatta but in 1832 it was not even one-tenth of the size it was in 1809. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (564-575) &)

Letter dated 16^th June 1832, from Government of India to Government of Bombay intimating that the Governor-General had full confidence in the discretion of Governor in Council exercised in connection with joint operations contemplated against the freebooters and that Governor-General’s Agent at Ajmere would procure effective co-operation of Jodhpur and Jessulmere Durbars in the action against the plunderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (423-424) &)

                                                                

Letter No. 108, dated 18^th June 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay requesting that arrangements might be made for manufacture of 6 sword blades and 6 highly furnished right hand guns, &c, in England for Meer Muradali Khan and suggesting that the cost of these articles be met from public funds; . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (593-594) &)

Letter No. 126, dated 10^th July 1832, from Government of Bombay intimating that a letter had been addressed to Honorable Court for execution of articles required by Meer Muradali; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (393) &)

Letter dated 19^th June 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger in reply to several of his letters:-

(I)                 Requesting transmission of ratified treaties, signed and sealed by Governor-General to their respective destinations;

(2)      Advising consideration of several details before the proposed Customs Tariff                schedule was drawn up and accepted by the Ameers;

(3)      Making further enquiries relating to the possessions of Meer Naseerkhan;

(4)      Enquiring as to the best place which may be fixed and at which customs dues would be collected;

(5)      Discussing the provisions of 4^th article of the treaty relating to issue of passports to persons proceeding to Sind for purposes of trade and appointing persons and fixing places where they should be issued;

(6)      Approving of line of conduct proposed to be adopted towards Meer Naseerkhan;

(7)      Expressing satisfaction on the result of what passed Colonel Potttenger and Ameer of Sind on the subject of combined operations against Khosas and other plunderers and giving further instructions on the matter. . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (349-359) &)

Letter No. 110, dated 22^nd June 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay in connection with dispatch of troops under command of Captain Robert for punishment and suppression of Khosa and other marauders. . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (595-606) &)

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Muradali for making arrangement for dispatch of Sind forces for the purpose and return of Jagatsing and Poonjaji, Parkar chiefs, alleged to have been implicated with the Plunderers.

Letter dated 2^nd July 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding to him copy of a letter from Envoy of Persia on the subject of proposed alliance between a son of Meer Muradalikhan of Hyderabad and a daughter of the king of Persia and other matters connected with affairs of North West Frontier. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (606-612) &)

Letter No. 154 dated 23^rd July 1832, from Government of Bombay approving of the suggestions made by Colonel Pottenger with regard to the assemblage of the army for routing out the tree-booters. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (413-414) &)

Letter dated 27^th July 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding to him a copy of their letter to Government othe services of Colonel Pottenger and for reasons mentioned therein appointing him as Agent for affairs of Sind; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (425-432) &)

Letter No. 241, dated 15^th September 1832, from Government of Bombay on the same subject and signifying the Governor’s concurrence with opinion expressed by Governor-General of his conduct in the Late Sind Mission, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (561-562) &)

Letter No. 159, dated 31^st July 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Government of India had issued orders to Agent at Ajmere to open a communication with Rajah of Jodhpur for co-operation with British Government against Parkar plunderers and for adopting the measures preventing them from finding an asylum in his territories. (Year 1832-33 Department Political  …File No.300 Page No (437-439) &)

Letter No. 162, dated 1^st August 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger (I) intimating him of appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield to the command of the expedition against Parkar and (2) Vesting him (Colonel Pottenger) with general of expedition and the measures consequent on its termination, (3) directing that Lieutenant William Pottenger should accompany the expedition in civil capacity and afford to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield advantage of his experience and knowledge of Sind Auxiliaries, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (445-449) &)

Letter No. 120, dated 5^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a map with a memoir on the Province of Sind prepared by Lieuenant Delhoste and Pottenger; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (623-624) &)

Letter No. 123, dated 7^th August. 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Adjutant-General of the Army, Bombay, making suggestions for assemblage of forces to act against the plunderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (625-630) &)

Letter No. 127 of 19^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India:-

(I)                 Describing the limts of the territory in possession of Meer Muradali of Hyderabad and Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur;

     (2)     Informing that the latter had agreed to his suggestion for levy of duties at

              One place and that it would be desirable that Meer Muradali should be asked                   to make a similar arrangement in his own country and that system of farming may be continued with regard to local trade;

     (3)     That the Bombay army would move across the river to put down the plunderers of Parkar as soon as he heard from Colonel Lackete about the march of Jodhpur and Jessulmere forces;

   

     (4)     That Meer Muradali intimated that his army was awaiting orders from him. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (630-642) &)

Letter No. 128, dated 11^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay submitting account of the presents purchased on account of Sind Mission. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (643-645) &)

Letter No. 140, dated 13^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copies of letters received from Native Agent from Sind to the effect:-

(I)                 That Meer Muradali desired that he would recover the losses incurred by the people from the Parkar chiefs and that he was prepared to hand them over to Colonel Pottenger on his assurance that they would be kept for two months and they would not be sent to any place from Bhooj:

(2)    That news had been received from Hakim of Shikarpur that Kirpalsing with four thousand men joined General Ventura at Dero Gazikhan and that Ameers of Hyderabad sent trustworthy spies to find out the object and direction of their intended movements;

(3)    That Meer Muradali and his sons sent presents to Sardar Dost Muhomed of Colonel though Nizamuldin Peerzada. The object of the Mission was to persuade the Sardar to make a demonstration against Sikh territories at any time Raja Ranjeetsing directed his attention towards Shikarpur.

(4)      That His Royal Highness Abass Mirza of Persia arrived at Meshed and Prince Kamran of Heart opened a friendly correspondence with him the object of placing himself under his protection. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (646-651) &)

Letter No. 157 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of letters received from:-

(I)                 Meer Muradali and observing that reports had been received that Meers of Hyderabad and Khairpur had entered into agreement with Shah Shujaool Mulk, king of Cabool, to help him in recovering his part in event of his success agreed to the Ameers and to acknowledge independence of Sind and to give a final release for payment of tribute; that Meer Muradali had sent Munshi Khushiram to Khairpur to consult him on the subject and that His Highness Meer Rustomkhan consented to the plan on certain conditions.

(2)     That the boxes containing the treaties were received and he delivered those for Meer Muradali in public Durbar, and the other he forwarded to Khairpur.

(3)     That Meer Muradali said that he having consulted his sons Mohomed Bakarshah to Bhooj in charge of the Parkar chiefs;

(4)     That some Kassids came from Khairpur who reported that Meer Alimurad Khan had fled to Bujrika Goth where he had collected a strong garrison and Meer Rustomskhan had sent troops for taking the place. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (655-659) &)

Letter No. 164, dated 3^rd September 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield, Commanding Sind Force-

(I)                 Furnishing him with suggestion to be useful to him in the expedition against the Parkar free booters.

    (2)      Acquainting him with cause which led to the necessity for the expedition and for co-operation of certain Native powers with the British;

     (3)     Informing him that the strength of the enemy was estimated at 2000 fighting men and the Khosas, a tribe of Baluchees who composed the majority Rulers of Sind, and they refused every advance made to them by the Talpoors and formed themselves into a nucleous for the disaffected and turbulent of the circumjacent regions:

    (4)    That Means, which formed the most infamous body of Parkar robbers lived in wands. Or temporary villages along the Northern edge of Parkar. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (672-702) &)

Letter No. 189, dated 24^th September 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from the Native Agent in Sind reporting:-

That there was a considerable chance of a civil war in Khairpur State between Alimurad and his two elder brothers;

(2)    That the cause of the war was refusal on the part of Meer Rustomkhan and Mubarak khan to restore Meer Alimurad some Purgunnahs which he had given to them; that Meer Muradali Khan of Hyderabad’s effort to reconcile the brothers proved ineffective. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (708-709) &)

Letter, dated 5^th October 1832, from Meer Muradali of Hyderabad dispatching Parkar prisoners under charge of one Ghulam Hyder Mujranee and requesting that they might be sent back made and him after necessary enquiries had been made and their guilt disproved; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(719-722) &)

Letter, dated 6^th October 1832, from Agent to Governor-General, Rajputana to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Jodhpur and Jessulmere with British Government in capturing the Parkar robbers and to send their forces for the purpose; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(611-616) &)

Letter, dated 8^th October 1832 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of his instructions to the officer appointed to the command of the force against Khosas and others of Parkar. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(623-624) &)

Letter No. 215, dared 10^th October 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Meer Muradali had sent some petty Blooch Sardars in place of Jagatsing and other Parkar Chiefs. He sent them back as he found them old hopeless men and of the lowest station in life. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(716-719) &)

Letter No. 242, dated 15^th October 1832, from Political Superintendent, Palanpore, to James William, Pol. Commr., Guzarat, forwarding a copy of letter addressed by Meer Mohomed Khan Abbas, Chief of Kalhora family to Lieutenant Presscot asking for assistance from British Government in securing Sind (their territory) from the Talpooes. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(643-644) &)

Letter No. 290, dated 16^th October 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger approving of his proposal to appoint Lieutenant Delhoste to examine part of the country, left of river Indus. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(647) &)

Letter No. 237, dated 20^th October 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Roberts, Commanding Poona Auxiliary Force, informing of his appointment as officer in charge Intelligence Department with Parkar Expeditionery Force; that he had informed Meer Muradali that Government had appointed him to be medium of communications between the Officer Commanding the Forces and Meers Sardars; that he had appointed a Munshi Syed Rahmatullah who with his acquaintance with knowledge of Sindhi and Gujarati will knowledge of Sindhi and Gujarati will prove efficient person; that as Head of the Intelligence Department he was required to perform certain duties as detailed in paragraphs 9-12 of his letter. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(737-746) &)

Letter No. 234, dated 19^th October 1832 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield, Officer in charge Expedition Force, against Parkar free-booters giving him further assistance for guidance. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(733-736) &)

Letter, dated 25^th October 1832, from Agent to Governor-General, Rajputana, to Colonel Pottenger informing that communications had been received from certain Chiefs who it appeared were greatly alarmed at the approach of British army expressing their willingness to relinquish their predatory calling if any arrangents could be made for their support, &c.

(2)      Making certain suggestions to this end. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(741-745) &)

Letter, dated 16^th December 1833, from Native agent at Hyderabad to Colonel Pottenger, Political Resident, Cutch, informing of death of Meer Muradali and stating that Meer Nur Mohomed Khan and Meer Mohomed-khan determined to send presents to Bombay Government, &c.; letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Nur Mohomed Khan condoling with him on the death of his father; letter dated March 1834 from Meer Nur Mohomedkhan of Hyderabad to Colonel Pottenger in reply to the above. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302Page No (1-7) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (9-12) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (53) &),

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand desiring him to inform the Ameers (Nur Mohomed, Sobdarkhan and Naseerkhan) of his appointment as Agent to Governor-General in Sind and of appointment of Captain Melwill as his Assistant in Sind and his head quarters being fixed at Hyderabad. As that gentleman did not accept the appointment on account of delicate health, he had intended to proceed to Sind requesting that arrangements be made to meet him at Badin. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (31-35) &),

Letter, dated 18^th August 1834, from Munshi Jethanand to Colonel Pottenger reporting that he had he had sent a letter and a hundi for Rs. 500 to Bahawalkhan, who expressed thanks to the Governor and said that the Colonel Pottenger should be assured that the friendship between him and British Government would continue from generation to generation; that a cassid had arrived from Cabool who gave an account of the unsuccessful attempt of Dost Mohomad to attack the fort of Candhar; that Ameers of Sind had received letters from the Chiefs of Candhar giving account of their victory and route of the King. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (43-51) &)

Letter dated 18^th August 1834, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger informing that there was some disagreement between Meer Nur Mohomedkhan and Meer Sobdarkhan on question of division of the State on the demise of late Meer Muradalikhan; that he had reminded Meer Nur Mohomedkhan to return the treaty where in it was provided that a Native of India would be placed in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (43-51) &)

Letter No. I, dated 8^th January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Robert, Assistant Political Agent, Bhooj, directing him to be strictly neutral with regard to the application from Meer Mohomed for assistance of British troops in collecting the tribute from the district of That Parkar, &c; letters Nos. 2 and 3 of even dates from Colonel Pottenger forwarding to Government of India Bombay a copy of the above for information. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (1) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (2) &)

Letter No. 4, dated 9^th January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that news had been received from Native Agent at Hyderabad that His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Kelat with two hundred retinue and so closely followed by Khoodadad Khan of Candhar that he was obliged to take refuge within the country of Khan of Kelat who acceded to the unfortunate monarch the protection and hospitality he sought for; that the Ameers of Sind hearing that information had taken steps to strengthen the garrison at Shikarpur; that it was clear it was clear that the king would not remain for a long time and he would not remain for a long time and he would proceed to Bombay via Sonmeanee, if the Ameers did not permits him a passage through their territory; in the other case he would pass through Sind to Bhooj and Bombay; requesting that he was anxious to know the terms on which the King was to be received and treated; letter No. 5 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to the above and asking for instruction on the above Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (3-4) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (5) &)

Letter No.6, dated 31^st January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India stating that the Native Agent informed that His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Bhag in Cutch Gandava and that the son and the nephew of Meer Rustomkhan had arrived at Hyderabad for persuading Meer Nur Mohomedkhan not to allow the Emperor to enter Sind. Meer Nur Mohomed had promised that he would not allow the king to remain anywhere for more than a day and that he would not only grant him a free passage but would treat him with all respect and honour due to him; letter No. 7 of even date forwarding a copy of the above to Government of Bombay. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (6) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (7) &)

Letter No. 9, dated 11^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting as under:-

(I)                 That His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Larkana on his way to Hyderabad;

     (2)          That one Mr. Semon who was once in Sindhia’s service has returned from Peshawar and has entered the service of Meer Alimurad of Meerpur;

     (3)         That Syed Ismail shah and Said Zynooldin were appointed Governors of Larkana and Shikarpur. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (8-10) &)

Letter No. 10, dated 17^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of instruction prepared for guidance of Native Agent and desiring that Lieutenant Mackeson should always address the Ameers of Sind through Munshi Jethanand to avoid delays and subterfuges on the part to the Ameers; That he had moved the Government of Bombay to publish the Indus Toll Treaty in Bombay Government Gazette in English, Persian and Gujarati (vide letter No. 12. Of even date); letter No. 14, dated 18^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson forwarding him copies of the above with enclosures for instructions. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (10-11) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (21) &)

      Letter No. 17, dated 25^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of the letter from the Native Agent reporting as under:-

That Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk arrived at Hyderabad on 14^th February and on the following day all the Ameers with relation and children paid their respect to His Majesty who requested Meer Nur Mohomed to permit him to stay at Shikarpur till he could collect a force. Meer Nur Mohomed declined to accede to his request but he agreed to assist him when he returned with his army from Ludhiana. A treaty to that effect was entered into by His Majesty who in return gave Shikarpur as a free gift to the Ameers and abandoned all claim to tribute from the Sind Ameers. Meer Nur Mohomed and other Ameers gave presents, etc. to His Majesty; That Dost Mohomedkhan of Cabool had assumed the title of Ameer and had khutba read in his name and that he was collecting troops to drive Sikhs from Peshawar. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (23) &)

Letter No. 20, dated 26^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of correspondence between him and Meer Nur Mohomed relating to suppression of Khosas under Paroo Jamadar and other predatory tribes on the border of Cutch and protest of Meer Nur Mohomed against attack of British Commander at balmere. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (26-27) &)

Letter No. 23, dated 15^th March 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from Native Agent, Hyderabad, reporting:-

(a)   Peeru Khoso’s son complained to Meer Nur Mohomed of the treatment received by his father from Officer Commanding the Forces at Blameer. Meer Nur Mohomed gave him a disappointing reply;

(b)   That Rajah Ranjeetsing had sent one Chunilal as a Vakil to Cabool for transmitting any news from that quarter;

(c)    Mirza Mohomed Bakarshah who was deputed by Meer Nur Mohomed to establish a treaty with Meer Mehrabkhan of Kelat, returned;

(d)   Salamatrai Munshi and Vakil of Rajah of Jessulmere arrived with some presents for Meer Nur Mohomed and Meer Naseerkhan. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (32) &)

Letter, dated 18^th March 1835, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger informing that Bharra and other Khosas appeared before Meer Nur Mohomed and the latter reprimanded them for their conduct and ordered them to leave Thar and reside in Sind; That reports had been received that Dost Mohomed Khan had determined to give battle to the Sikhs and that he was collecting men and money for the purpose. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (38-40) &)

Letter, dated 9^th April 1835, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger reporting that Meer Nur- Mohomed was taking vigourous steps against the Khosas. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (41) &)

Letter, dated 29^th March 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from Native Agent to the following effect:-

That the Ameer Nur Mohommed sent for Bhara Khosa and others of the same tribe and warned them to abstain from their predatory habits and recommended them to leave Thul and take up their abode within the precints of Sind; Khan had determined on giving battle to the Sikh army and every day people were flocking from Khorasan to Dost
Muhammad’s standard. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (38-40) &)

Letter No. 29. Dated 18^th April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that he had received a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad for permission to go to Bhooj as a bearer of certain secret and important messages from Sind Ameers.

Letter No. 30, dated 27^th April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Nur Mohommed Khan had given orders for half treasures being brought from various places. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (42-43) &)

Letter No. 34, dated 23^rd April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that object of the Ameers in sending the Native Agent with messages to Bhooj was to remonstrate against British Government’s intentions to build the fortress in Bahawal Khan’s country. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (52-53) &)

Letter No. 34, dated 25^th May 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay acknowledging receipt of a copy of their letter to Mohomed Rahim Shirazi relating to opening the trade by the Indus and informing was in end of February, March and April as the southerly winds blew regularly then; letter No. 31 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Government of India for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (56-57) &)

Letter No. 40, dated 13^th June 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that the Ameers of Hyderabad refused to restore to Rai of Cutch a vessel which had stranded near one of the months of river Indus and that he had made a further reference to the Meer on the subject and should he still refuse to comply with the request, he should be forced to restore the property and should be forced to restore the property and abandon the barbarous custom of confiscating the stranded vessels and requesting that the survey of the months of river Indus should be set about early; Letter No. 47, dated 14^th June 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Meer Nur Mohomed had in consequence of remonstrance restored the vessel and the property; That His Highness had forced the Khosas to move to the Eastern Frontier and that he had given a civil and encouraging reply to a Persian merchant who had gone to make enquiries respecting the trade by Indus. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (58-59) &)Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (67-68) &)

Letter No. 50, dated 26^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson, British Agent for Navigation of the Indus, pointing out the disadvantages of applying to Sind Government on each occasion of the boats for special order as a beaten road for travelers. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (69-72) &)

Letter No. 51, dated 26^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of the above for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (72) &)

Letter No. 54, dated 27^th August 1835 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay asking for permission to set the Ranna of Parkar (a state prisoner at Bhooj at liberty on condition that he would either live in Cutch or Sind; Informing that in anticipation of Government orders he had acceded to the request of Meer Nur Mohomed and released eight of the relations and followers of Rana Jagatsing of Parkar placed in confinement by the Sind Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (73-75) &)

Letter No.58, dated 30^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that the Ameer had consented to restore the boat and other property seized by the Sind officers; That the practice of condemning stranded vessels might be considered to have been finally abandoned; asking for instructions before he brought the question of a survey of the Indus to Meer Nur Mohomed ; Forwarding copy of the above for making remarks on the question of the survey of river Indus. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (79-81) &)

Letter No. 63, dated 10^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting substance of two letters from Meer Nur Mohomed and from the Native Agent. In the one the Meer asked for permission to be granted to Native Agent to proceed to Bhooj with certain confidential messages and asking for a medical officer to be sent to Hyderabad; In the other the Native Agent reporting that Meer Nur Mohomed promised that no molestation would be offered to the merchants trading by Indus; That the Ameers were in great tribulation about Ranjeetsing attacking Shikarpur; Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (94-97) &)

Letter No. 67, dated 19^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India relating to Mission sent under Diwan Lakhmichand by Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur; letter No. 70, dated 3^rd October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Rustom’s Vakeel who arrived at Bhooj, some days ago, paid him visits and brought presents from his master for Government of India and for him; expressed feelings of friendship and devotion to British Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (99) &)

Letter dated 25^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Sir Charles Metcalfe Governor-General of India for promotion. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (100-104) &)

Letter No. 70, dated 2^nd October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the nature of the secret messages brought by the British Native Agent from Ameers of Sind and the reply he intended to give and intimating his intention of deputing Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad as the medium of certain communications which appeared to him to be urgently called for. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (106-111) &)

Letter No. 73, dated 10^th October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson, British Agent for the Navy of Indus, informing that the Ameers of Sind were aware of his appointment and the duties he was required to perform; That he was sending Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad, in connection with certain explanatory messages to the Ameers and that the necessity for their directing their local officers to attend to his requisitions had formed a part of Lieutenant Burn’s instruction. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (114-115) &)

Letter No. 77, dated 12^th October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting (I) some secret communications made by the Vakeel from Khairpur relating to determination of Meer Rustomkhan’s position with respect to Hyderabad Government, (2) requesting instructions. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (117-119) &)

Letter No. 78, dated 15^th October 1835, and from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns furnishing him with detailed instructions as to how he should move with Ameers while on deputation at Hyderabad; letters Nos. 79 and 80 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Government of India and Government of Bombay for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (120-130) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (130-131) &)

Letter No. 81, dated 31^st October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns informing him of the deputation of Dr. Heddle to Sind for negotatiating with the Ameers in connection with the survey of river Indus and desiring him to confine himself to what he contemplated in his letter of 22^nd October; letter No. 82 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India intimating that the deputation of Dr. Heddle by Government of Bombay without his consultation had put him and Lieutenant Burns in a difficult position; letter No. 84, dated 3^rd November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Dr. Heddle informing him of the appointment on deputation of Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad, stating that he had strictly prohibited Lieutenant Burns from interfering with the objects to proceed with his business without reference to his presence; letters Nos. 85 and 86 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay and Government of India forwarding a copy of the above for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (131-132) &) Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (132-135) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (136-137) &) Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (137) &)

Letter No. 88, dated 10^th November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India intimating that Nihalsing with a considerable force had arrived at Multan and he halted there for orders to advance; that Dost Mohommed Khan of Colonel had proposed to Ameers of Sind to join with him in the great struggle against the consternation and were making active arrangement to oppose the Sheikhs. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (138-139) &)

Letter No. 92, dated 20^th November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Wade, Political Agent, Ludhiana, regarding detention on Indus of boats coming from Ludhiana and the grounds for calling on the Ameers to pay demurrage. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (140-142) &)

Letter Nos. 98 and 99 of 4^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns expressing his approbation of his proceedings with Ameers of Sind and directing him to remain at Hyderabad if Meer Nur Mohommed proposed him to do so. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (146-147) &)

Letter No. 106, dated 18^th December 1835 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay explaining in detail the motives which had induced him to direct Lieutenant Burns to take no share in Dr. Heddle’s negotiations with the Ameers of Sind for the survey of Indus; letter No. 107, dated 18^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of the above for information. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (152-161) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (161-162) &)

Letter No. 108, dated 32^nd December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of their letter on the subject of Lieutenant Burns’ deputation and offering some further explanation step without previous reference and expressing his hope that the result of the deputation would appear satisfactory to Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (162-165) &)

Letter No. 109, dated 23^rd December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above and informing that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had consented to a survey and examination of the river Indus and requesting that necessary order be issued for commencing the work. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (166) &)

Letter No. 116, dated 25^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of Lieutenant Burns’ dispatch containing overtures from Ameers of Sind for establishing intimate connection with the Province including the residence of British Agent in Sind and recommending that proposals be accepted. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (170-175) &)

Letter No. 5, dated 22^nd January 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting a copy of a letter received from Government of Bombay commenting on his measures regarding Dr. Heddle’s mission to Sind and trusting that his conduct would be viewed by Governor-General with due allowance for the delicate situation in which he was placed. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (190-191) &)

Letter No. 9, dated 28^th January 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting a copy of a letter from Dr. Heddle complaining of the incivility he experienced in Sind and offering some palliative circumstances in the Ameers demeanour. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (193-211) &)

Letter No. 11, dated 5^th February 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he had Jearnt that Assistant Surgeon Hathorn Had been recalled from Sind under orders of Government of Bombay and offering his opinion as to the light in which Meer Noor Mohomed Khan might view this measure. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (213-216) &)

Letter No. 13, dated 10^th February 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns regarding a flat-bottomed boat that was to be sent from Bombay to the Commander of East India Company’s Sloop “War Amherst” to deliver in charge of Petamber, the Bunder Master at Mandvi, the above boat; letter No. 17, dated 8^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Carless asking him to return to Mandvi as the season had far advanced and it was not possible to proceed with the survey work and informing that he had asked Lieutenant Wood of Indian Navy to remain on the Indus and watch the progress of the Indus; Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (217-218) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (219-220) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (220-221) &)

Letter No. 18, dated 18^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Wood forwarding a copy of the above and intimating that he had informed Meer Noor Mohomed of the above arrangements and that he had requested the Meer to afford him every facility in carrying out his duties. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (221-223) &)

Letter, dared 5^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur informing that friendship and good will of British Government towards Khairpur will remain forever. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (221-223) &)

Letter, dated 5^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand informing him that merchants going from Bombay had been disturbed on the way while passing through Indus and that he had written to Meer Noor Mohomed to issue orders to his men not to interfere with the boats. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303

Letter No. 20 of March 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting copies of instructions issued to officers of India Navy employed in surveying and examining the Indus and stating his opinion with regard to the river being examined annually. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (224) &)

Letter No. 22, dated 11^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding for information a copy of his letter to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan discussing the terms of a new treaty he made with him. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (225-228) &)

Letter No. 34, dated 15^th April 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding translation of a letter from Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and of a letter from his agents complaining of the incivility with which his highness’s emissaries had been treated at Bombay; letter No 39, dated 17^th May 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting receipt of a second letter from Mir Nur Muhammad Khan regarding the treatment meted out to his Vakeels at Bombay. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (251-253) &)

Letter No. 36, dated 21^st April 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding translation of a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad containing the observations made by Meer Noor Muhammad Khan on the reply sent to him regarding a European being permanently stationed in sind. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (245-249) &)

Letter No. 41, dated 17^th May 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that treaty made by Mirza Bakarshah (who was sent to Baluchistan) with Mehrabkhan of Kelat to make a simultaneous attack on the plunderers who infested the borders of both the States. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (254-255) &)

Letter No. 46, dated 11^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting translation of a letter from Native Agent, Hyderabad, containing the defence of His Highness as to his conduct towards Dr. Heddle and explaining his motives for having kept the above letter for long. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (259-265) &)

Letter No. 48, dated 15^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger of India forwarding a translation of the letters from Native Agent at Hyderabad reporting that he waited on Meer Noor Mohammad Khan in connection with the question relating to establishment of a British Agent in Sind; communicating further news. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (266-267) &)

Letter No. 50, dated 15^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the substance of the letters received from Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur and asking for permission to send presents to him and his brother. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (269-271) &)

Letter Nos. 55 and 56 of 21^st June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay and Government of India forwarding-

(I)                 A copy of the letter from Assistant Surgeon Hathorn for allowances during the period he was in Sind.

      (2)       Medical case of His Highness Meer Noor Mohomad Khan of Hyderabad. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (276) &)

Letter No. 57, dated 29^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of a letter from the Honorable the Court Directors regarding mode to be adopted for trial of British subjects when delivered over to Native states and reporting that he had no occasion to hold any trial since the receipt of the Circular of October 1834. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (277-279) &)

Letter No. 59 of 1^st July 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding Extracts of a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad reporting on the following points:-

(I)                 The alarm of the Ameers at the intimation received from Rajah Ranjeetsing of his intention of calling on them to restore Shikarpur town;

(2)        Further application for pecuniary aid from Dost Mohomad

(3)        Failur of Hyderabad Ameers in mediating between Meer Nusseerkhan of Hyderabad Meer Alimurad Khan of Mirpur with regard to some disputed land.

(4)       The quantity of opium passed through Sind and the bad faith of Ameers in their promises to the merchants; letter No. 60 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above with his comments on the opium question. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (281-83) &)

Letter No. 62, dated 12^th July 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting receipt of a kind letter from Meer Noor Mohomad Khan accompanied by five camel loads of mangoes and the purport of his reply he addressed to him. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (286-287) &)

Letter No. 124, dated 19^th December 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting as under:-

(I)                 That on his arrival at Vikkur he was met by Governors of Tatta and Mugerbin, and servants of Meers Noor Mohomed and Meer mohomed, respectively At Tatta he was met by Mirza Bakar, Meer Noor Mohomed’s principal treasurer, Secretary and bosom friend,  who brought a message from his master desiring him to keep secret the fact of his visit to Sind on invitation by him (the Meer);

(2)        That on evening of 22^nd Mirza Bakar saw him and enquired whether he wanted to pay visit to the Meer and said that the Meer wanted to know the object of his Mission. He was replied that he had two communications to make (one regarding opening of the Indus and the other of a purely political nature) Mirza Bakar desired that there were still cogent reasons which rendered secrecy and precaution advisable for some time This conversation afforded him a perfect insight into domestic dissensions of the ruling family;

(4)      His visit to the Meer on 23^rd with Mirza Bakar and Baluch Khans who formed his escort;

(5)    That on the next day he paid another visit to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and when he met him in his room Meer Noor Mohomed Khan whispered him not to say anything in public as Mohomed Usif and Mohomed Khan Talpoor, servants of Meer Mohomed Khan, were sitting as spies;

(6)    That on the morning of 25^th he sent his commercial memorandum to Meer Noor Mohomed through his agents who expressed his agreement to all proposals contained therein. Mirza Bakar’s conversation with him on the politics and propects of Sind, the relations of all the Ameers with one another and the un-compromising attitude of Meer Sobdarkhan towards the British and his object of going out on hunting on the day of Colonel Pottenger’s arrival; 

(7)     On 28^th he devoted that day to receiving visits from one Mohammed Tahir, Agent of Agha Rahim Shirazee of Bombay, and from several well him on the trade of Sind. The latter complained that on account of the dread of Shikhs, Shikarpur which was once known for its flourishing trade with Khorasan had been Deserted and that the whole World anxiously looked to the British to interfere and thereby restore prosperity not only of Shikarpur but of all countries bordering on their dominions;

(8)      That in the afternoon he sent his secret memorandum to Meer Noor Mohomed through Syed Azamoodin.

(9)      Visit of Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and on his return he was accompanied by Mirza Bakar who consulted him on two points:-

(a)    That Meer Noor Mohomed had an intention to call out the whole army and proceed against Maharajah Ranjeetsing;

(b)    That it was possible Meer Sobdarkhan might refuse to allow commercial treaty to be carried into effect.

(10)   On the 1^st November Mirza Bakar brought the commercial treaty signed and sealed by the three Ameers;

(11)   That on 1^st December he had an interview from Syed Ali, Agent of Ali Mohomed Khan Shustry a merchant of Bombay, who desired Colonel Pottenger to recommend him to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan’s protection. This he accordingly did. In the evening Colonel Pottenger saw the ex-Rana of Parkar who resided at Hyderabad and received his stipends from the Native Agent. He expressed his thankfulness to Meer Noor Mohomed for his kind treatment;

(12)   That heoffered presents to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan which were appreciated by him;

(13)   That he learnt from Munshi Jethanand that Sobdar regretted his refusal to sign the treaty and that he wished to open communication with British Government through him. Colonel Potternger refused to see him without obtaining permission from Meer Noor Mohomed;

(14)   That he sent the commercial treaty in English and Persian duly sealed and signed to Meer Noor Mohomed He went to the Durbar where Meer Noor Mohomed told him that he would religiously abide by stipulations made in it;

(15)   That on the morning of 5^th he rode down and embarked on board the “Jhampti”. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (279-333) &)

Private letters from Azamuddin Hassan to Colonel Pottenger informing that he had forwarded papers to him; one relating to the local trade of Vikkur and the other to the general system of revenue in Sind, character of the people, their mode of life; private letter, dated 15^th April 1837, from Azamuddin Hassan to Colonel Pottenger reporting that on 14^th Mirza Bakar Khan came from Meer Noor Mohomed to welcome him and presented him with a purse of Rs. 200 which he accepted. He entered into discussion on several points relating to treaty and had assurance from him that the Governor-General will not interfere into the private and family disputes of the Ameers. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (103-109) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (149-161) &)

Letter, dated 11^th May 1837, from Colonel Pottenger to Syed Azamuddin Hassan informing him that His Lordship made a direct and precise offer of mediating between the Governments of Sind and Lahore on the understanding that the Sind Government of a Resident in their territory; and asking him to return to Bhooj after taking leave from the Ameer. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (171-173) &)

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munsho Jethanand informing that it was understood that one Ali Muhammed Khan who was going from Hindoostan to the Court of Mohomed Shah of Persia and that Ameers of Sind had given “Ureezee” (petition) for him and that it was important that he should find out how far it was true. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (219-224) &)

Letter, dated 27^th February 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of the tenor of Communications made to Meur Sobdarkhan and concurring with Colonel Pottenger in his opinion that his visit to Sind should be dependent on the final appointment of a Resident in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (369-370) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd March 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Government of India were surprised and concerned to hear that Ameers of Sind had submitted themselves to the Court of Persia and desiring him to apprise the Ameere of the views of British Government the matter. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (377-378) &)

Letter, dated 11^th April 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of his intention of going to Sind in company with the Resident in Sind when that officer was finally appointed after the formal ratification of the agreement tendered to the Ameers. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (385-386) &)

Letter, dated 20^th April 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger appointing him as Resident in Sind in addition to his duties as Resident at Cutch and appointing Caption Melwill as Assistant to the Resident in Sind and British Agent for navigation of the British ships on Indus; and desiring him to proceed to Hyderabad with Captain Melwill and to return to Cutch as soon as he had placed matters on a satisfactory footing; leaving Captain Melwill at Hyderabad to be the channel of all communications between him and the Ameers; letter, dated 20^th April 1838, from Government of India to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan informing him of appointments of Colonel Pottenger and Captain Melwill as Agents and Assistant Agent for Sind; informing that in deference to the wishes of junior Ameers he had signed separate agreements for Ameers Sobadarkhan, Meer Mohomedkhan and Nuseerkhan and that he would not separate treaties with them, should any occasion arise in the future. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (393-395) &)

Letter, dated 2^nd May 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed informing him that Dhoolaji brother of Jagatsing of Nagar Parkar had been seized and would be sent to Hyderabad if His Highness so desired. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (233-235) &)

Letter, dated 24^th May 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan sending him treaties of articles ratified by Governor-General; informing that he had been appointed as Resident in Sind and that as Captain Mellwill, his assistant, was on account of his delicate health unable to proceed to Hyderabad he had determined to come there as soon as arrangements were made for him; that Governor-General had sent some presents for would bring them when he next visited Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (243-246) &)

Letter, dated 2^nd June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan informing that some boats coming from Punjab had been stopped and plundered at a place called ‘Bakee Puttung’ by sepoys of Meer Ali Murad son of late Meer Sobdarkhan and requesting that as that act was a direct breach of treaty it was in the interests of both the Governments that measures should be taken without delay for the punishment of the culprits; that as the outrage was committed in the country of Meer Rustomkhan he was sending him a copy of the above letter for necessary action; letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand on the above subjects, directing him to call on Meer Nur Mohomed and request him to send trustworthy officers to investigate the matter and to punish the people of Alimurad at fault. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (255-258) &)

Letter, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand informing that he was surprised to hear that His Highness Meer Noor Muhomed Khan should have objected to his showing the letter to Meer Sobder Khan and that he had told him several times that the British Government wished to be on friendly terms with all the Ameers of Sind and it was his duty to cultivate friendship as much as possible. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (265-268) &)

Letter, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Rustomkhan informing him that Government of India will not make any application to Maharajah Ranjeetsing for restoration of Muzaree district and Rojan until Moulvi Naseerdin was seized and his followers driven out of Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (269-271) &)

Letter No. 65, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting arrival of Dr. Gordon and of the Dewan in service of Maharajah Ranjeetsing from Bombay en route to Ludhiana; visit of Dewan to Colonel Pottenger and delivery of a letter with some presents to him from Maharajah; that Meer Sher Mohomed Khan of Mirpurkhas visited  Meer Noor Muohomed and a treaty composing the difference between the Ameers was drawn up and when it was sent to Meer Sobdarkhan he refused to affix his seal; that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had no fear of Persian Army taking heart and recommended them to send troops for his assistance; that he had written a letter to Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur requesting him to take adequate steps for punishing Nasroodin; letter dated 12^th June 1838 from Government of India approving of the manner the Dewan was received by him and authorizing him to charge in his accounts the disbursements made by him to the Dewan, &c; letter No. 82, dated 13^th July 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he had received letters from Meer Sobdarkhan and Meer Sher Mohomed Khan acknowledging the ratified treaties and expressing the gratification at his appointment as Resident; giving an account of the alleged Persian Prince who had arrived at Hyderabad.

Letter, dated 3^rd August 1838, from Government of India approving of the tenor of his letter to the address of Meer Rustomkhan desiring him to write to the Meer to put the frantic Nasroodin in confinement and to hold him responsible for further mischief committed by him. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (407-408) &)

Letter No. 85, dated 13^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting translation of a petition by Meer Noor Mohomed to Shah of Persia, &c. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (461-446) &)

Letter No. 89, dated 14^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting substance of a letter from Native Agent of Hyderabad and explaining the natu e of fued alluded to therein between the Talpoors and Lagharees. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (465-469) &)

Letter, dated 18^th August 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger desiring him to approach the Meer of Khairpur to allow British Government to occupy Bukkur to enable them to keep open the passage of the river for troops proceeding to Candhar and to maintain their communications. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (429-430) &)

Letter No. 143, dated 20^th August 1838, from Government of Bombay requesting Colonel Pottenger to keep them informed of the progress of his negotiations with Ameers of Sind; best mode of transmitting troops to Sind should such a contingency arose; what extent of transport would be obtained either at mouth of Indus or at Tatta? Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (423-425) &)

Letter, dated 23^rd August 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger requesting him to take measures for purchase of grain crops at Larkana from the Ameers of Sind and other dealers at that place; Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (435-436) &)

Letter No 94, dated 25^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his intention of resuming his journey in a few days to Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (475-478) &)

Letter No. 100, dated 27^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of instructions of 26^th July 1838, and assigning reasons for calling on Government of Bombay to prepare a force for eventual service in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (493-496) &)

Letter No. 102, dated; 6^th September 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had sent a letter to the Ameers of Sind for help and the Ameers had sent a reply to him. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (505-509) &)

Letter, dated 6^th September 1838, from Government of India to Captain Burns appointing him in charge of Mission at Cabool, giving him further instructions for his guidance. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (511-515) &)

Letter, dated 8^th September 1838, from Government of India acknowledging receipt of Colonel Pottenger’s letters of 25^th and 27^th August and informing that in view of “deep duplicity displayed by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan, his unjustifiable conduct in other respects, and owing to feelings of unwarrantable eneimity and jealousy with which he appeared to be regarded by some of the Chiefs, it was essential that a British force of 5000 men should advance without delay for occupation of Shikarpur or any other place deemed Indus; informing that Captain Burns had been deputed to visit Khairpur and if necessary to enter into a new treaty with the Meer guaranteeing his independence and assuring him protection of British Government against all external enemies. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (499-503) &)

Letter, dated 14^th September 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing him that he would reach Bukkur by end of the month and requesting that before he proceeded to Khairpur he might be informed of the decision arrived at by him regarding affairs of Sind; from Colonel Pottenger in reply informing him that arrangements had been made by his agents for purchase of corn, &c., as directed by Governor-General; letter No. 116, dated 8^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns furnishing information on the points referred to in his letter; informing him how he was insulted when he returned from the Durbar of Meer Noor Mohomed and in the circumstances it was hopeless on his part to succeed to get the fort of Bukkur on loan; letter dated October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger reporting his arrival at Bukkur.

Letter dated 16^th September 1838 from Government of India acknowledging receipt of copies of communications from Meer Noor Mohomed to the Shah of Persia relating to his allegiance to him and informing him that the duplicity on the part of Meer Noor Mohomed in making professions of submission to Persia and of close alliance with British Government had forfeited for him (Nur Mohomed) all confidence and friendly consideration on part of Governor-General; directing him to proclaim as soon as a force arrived from Bombay that if an act of hostility and bad faith had been committed towards British Government the share of the Government of Sind held by any party should be transferred to the most faithful members of the family and that as security for the future, a British subsidiary force should be maintained in Sind, and giving further instructions for future guidance. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (523-524) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (601-607) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (601-607) &)

Letter No. 108, dated 17^th September 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Ameers had sent their reply to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk refusing to allow His Majesty a passage through Sind; that if British Government had to send troops to Sind the Indus would be the proper channel and if advisable a detachment might proceed to occupy Karachi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (527-529) &)

Letter, dated 29^th September 1838, from Government of Bombay to acting Assistant in charge of Residency at Bhooj asking him to report whether tonnage could be obtained at Port of Mandvi for conveyance of Regiment of Cavalry destined for service in Sind.

Letter, dated 29^th September 1838, from Government of Bombay to Superintendent of India Navy for assistance in transporting a force to Karachi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (565) &)

Letter No.283, dated 29^th September, 1838 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger asking him for information regarding the route by which he would recommend the force should march from Bombay and the probability of their being opposed; whether it would be expedient either by force or with consent of the Ameers to occupy the Fort of Karachi with a detachment of British troops; whether it would be expedient to make any demonstration on Hyderabad either from Cutch or Deesa; and assuring Colonel Pottenger that Government of Bombay would on all occasions be prepared to comply with his wishes and requisitions with utmost cordiality. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (575-578) &)

Letter No. 114, dated 3^rd October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to agent to Governor-General of India, Ajmeer and Deesa, informing Khan’s opening a correspondence with Rajah Mansing was to invite him to join a combination of the States westward of India against British Government and that he had detected Meer Noor Mohomed and others in a treacherous correspondence with Mohomed Shah of Persia and that he had reported to government of India of the arrival of a self led Persian Prince at Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (595-596) &)

Letter, dated 5^th October 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that from the papers received the suspicions felt by Governor-General of the unfriendly disposition of principal Ameers of Sind to British Government had been amply justified and if the Ameers showed a different disposition he should give immediate effect to the instructions with which he that a separate engagement be made with the Ameer at Khairpur on the basis of recognizing his in dependence provided he maintained the same friendly attitude towards the British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (519-521) &)

Letter No. 118, dated 9^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that on his visit to Mir Sobdarkhan he was insulted on the way by the people; that Meer Noor Mohomed sent a deputation under his son Meer Shahdad Khan to apologies for the insult offered to him and to assure him that Meer Noor Mohomed had taken adequate steps to punish the culprits; that question of money payment by the Ameers of Sind to Shuja-ul-Moolk was perplexing on account of the two releases written in Kurans and sealed and signed by His Majesty which the Ameers produced; discussing the policy to be perused discussing the policy to be pursued by British Government towards the Ameers; letter No.124, dated 13^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting some fresh instances of the unfriendly, suspicious and despicable conduct of Meer Noor Mahomed. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (617-621) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (623-625) &)

Letter No. 129, dated 16^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing him that Viccur would be the best point for disembarkation of the troops; that he did not imagine that Ameers had any fixed resulation of opposing the British Government and that their fears will deter them from proceeding to open hostilities; that there was no fort at Karachi except a small squre outwork of no strength which could be of use for the purpose stated; that he had learnt from his Agent at Karachi that he was able to secure 500 camels for the army, &c. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (627-631) &)

Letter No. 2, dated 16^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that in view of the feeling evinced at Hyderabad it was hopeless to do anything satisfactory to supply the army and thing satisfactory to supply the army and unless a charge is effected in the minds of the Ameers there was great probability of Colonel Pottenger’s quitting Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (651-652) &)

Letter, dated 17^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger discussing the feasibility of moving the Khairpur Meers for occupying the Fort at Bukkur; reporting that proceedings of Khairpur Chief deserved rewards for the  reason that he not only refused to received that imposter Haji Husain Ali Khan, the self-styled Persian Prince, but openly expressed that he had nothing to do with enemies of British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (643-646) &)

Letter No. 132, dated 18^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he was making arrangements for provision of carriages and river boats for Bombay troops.

Letter No. 133 of 18^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay desiring that should any part of the Bombay Army be sent to Karachi, it should bring forage with it and be prepared to march to nearest point of the Indus; letter No.134 of the same date Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns informing him that he would sent him the purwanas as soon as he got them from Meer Noor Mahomed Khan. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (635-640) &)

Letter, dated 19^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that he arrived at Khairpur on the morning of 18^th and delivered to Meer Rustom Khan the letters from Governor-General and Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk; that he paid a visit to the Ameer and explained to him the object of Government in restoring Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk to his indignation at the treatment accorded to Colonel Pottenger and desired to send some one of his men to convey his sentiments to Meer Noor Mohomed; letter No.2, dated 21^st October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that a deputation from the Meer waited on him and they entered into a long to the share of the tribute which Meer Rustom Khan was called upon to pay to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (657-659) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (661-666) &)

Letter No. 339 of 20^th October 1838 from Government of India informing Colonel Pottenger that arrangements were being made to dispatch all the troops to Karachi by sea and that orders would be issued from Military Department for sending Lieutenant Treshire and Ramsay in “S.S Polinurus” for purpose of enquiry into resources of the country on the spot under his instructions. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (669-670) &)

Letter No. 138 of 22^nd October 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns informing that all the communications he had with Meer Noor Mohomed had not an hour passed without obtaining additional proofs of inimical feelings.

Letter No.141 of 23^rd October1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that should Meer Noor Mohomed order him to quit Sind he would proceed to Viccur or embark for Mandvi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (673-675) &)

Letter No. 147, dated 25^th October 1838, rom Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to the date:

(I)                 That information had been received from the Chief of Candhar that he had made arrangements for assistance from Russia through Shah of Persia and that he advised Meer Noor Mohomed to do the same. Meer Noor Mohomed sent a reply saying that all the Ameers were ready to follow his advice,

(2)        That Meer Noor Mohomed said to his brother Meer Mohomed that it was useless to rely on British Government and the best course was to send Colonel Pottenger away and declare allegiance to Persia. Meer Meer Mohomed refused to be a partner to such a measure. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (693-750) &)

Letter, dated 25^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing that a deputation under the Minister and Agent from all the Ameers of Khairpur waited on him and expressed the earnest desire on the part of their principals to enter into a separate treaty with them and adding that they wanted to place themselves under British protection and pronounced to do nothing without consent and advice of British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (743-747) &)

Letter No. 359 of 26^th October 1838 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger informing him that the Bombay army was proceeding to Sind under the command of General Sir John Keane, Commander-in-Chief of Bombay.

Letter, dated 26^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a copy of a letter written by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur exhibiting his faithlessness and disposition towards the British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (707-709) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing that from the treatment openly show to the self-styled Prince at Hyderabad, the insulting letter written by the Ameers to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk afforded conclusive proof of their design to favour the enemies of British Government and that Governor-General had determined to establish a British subsidiary force there in lower Sind at the earliest possible moment; and directing that he should not enter into any negotiations with the Ameers until his authority was supported by the actual presence of the  British forces. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (729-737) &)

Letter No. 152, dated 29^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns replying to his several letters and offering remarks for not confirming the treaty he had sent to him and stating the terms on which he was prepared to grant a new one to the Chiefs of Khairpur and expressing great doubts of their sincerity. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (771-777) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a copy of a letter of 29^th October 1838, from Government of India showing him the desirability of tendering to Meer Rustom Khan a treaty guaranteeing his to enter into negotiations with him on the terms similar to those which had been entered into by Nawab of Bahawalpur; informing that military and commercial position of Khairpur being of far greater importance than Bahawalpur, stipulations should be added for temporary occupation of Rohri and Bukkur and that the Meers should co-operate with other powers in extending or facilitating commerce or navigation of Indus. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (783-787) &)

Letter of 31^st October 1838 from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger pointing out the unfriendly attitude of Meer Mubarak Khan to British Government and his warning to him conveyed through the Minister; discussing whether Shikarpur formed part of Sind or was a separate district. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (789-792) &)

Letter No. 158 of 31^st October 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding for information a copy of his letter No. 157 of the same date to Captain Burns informing him of the unfriendly and impertinent remarks of one Lala Ladhanand, an Every of Meer Rustom Khan, who had come to see him at Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (793) &)

Letter No. 160 of 2^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns acknowledging receipt of his letter of 28^th October 1838, and intimating that it had made no change in his opinion as regards the insincerity on the part of Chiefs of Khairpur and suggesting his proceedings while on his Mision; letter No. 161 of 2^nd November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of the above, expressing his regret at having to dissent from that officer’s opinion and offering remarks as regards settlement in Sind.

Steam communication between Bombay and mouth of Indus and opening of a depot at Tatta-

Letter No, 472, dated 2^nd November 1838, from Government of Bombay to Resident in Sind relating to—

Letter dated 15^th November 1838, from Government of India to Captain Burns stating that measures taken by him for an alliance with the Meer of Khairpur are judicious and expedient and that the communitions addressed to him would show him the nature of the treaty whereby it was proposed that alliance should be concluded; that as regards Bukkur it would be required as a depot for treasure, &c.; that the Meer of Khairpur should not be called up to contribute any sum for maintenance of subsidiary force; letter, dated 17^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India forwarding them a copy of his letter of even date to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur relating to the treaty and the terms on which it would be entered into and applauding his professions of friendship and devotion to British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (799-801) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (803-805) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (823-824) &)

Letter, dated 26^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India recommending for several reasons mentioned therein (I) fixing of a subsidiary force, (2) that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan, if permitted to reign, should send his son to apologise for all his misdemeanor to Governor-General. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (839-845) &)

Letter, dated 6^th November 1838, from John Ramsay, Assistant Quarter Master-General, to Colonel Pottenger informing that Lieutent Trashier, Assistant Commanding-General, and he himself had, under orders, left for Ghorabari where they would wait for further instructions. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (853-854) &)

Letter, dated 11^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had written a letter to Meer Rustom Khan asking him to be guided by the Ameers of Hyderabad and that the English and that Khairpur Meers should drive them. The latter replied to him in the negative, and he assured him (Captain Burns) that he was firm in adhering to British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (863-864) &)

Letter, dated 12^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings at the Court of Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and the result of an important conference held with deputation sent to him by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (867-882) &)

Letter, dated 14^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting his action taken in connection with supply of grain and other necessaries for the army.

Letter No. 190, dated 17 November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns forwarding him the Purwanas as required under the seals of Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and Naseer Khan; letter No. 191, dated 17^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Melwille acknowledging receipt of seven hoondis for Hyderabad for rupees thirty thousand; letter No. 192, dated 17^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns giving him instructions relating to purchase of corn, &c., near Bukkur. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (889-893) &)

Letter No. 196 of 18^th November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to the Officer in charge of British troops informing him that he should consider himself in a friendly country and that he should at first land at Viccur until the whole force was assembled; letter No. 197 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant East wick giving him instructions to be followed on the occasion of his deputation to meet the troops coming from Bomaby. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (901-A) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (903-905) &)

Letter of 19^th November 1838 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Governor-General received with painful feeling the reports of the continued treachery and enmity of the principal Ameers of Sind and that his Lordship was not prepared to take measures against their machinations; that should Meer Noor Mohomed’s future conduct make amends for his past and should he evince a disposition to meet the just and necessary views of British Government the Governor-General would be unwilling to proceed to extremities; that should the negotiations not end in a ready submission to allow the just demands of British Government or in elevation of Meer Sobdar Khan to supremacy of Lower Sind, he was authorized to guarantee to each member of the family his separate possessions upon their agreeing to pay such quota of a fair and reasonable subsidy as might be deemed proper; that Governor- General refrained from recording his Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk was said to have executed. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (925-929) &)

Letter No. 204, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to the Agent to Messrs. Firth & Co., Bombay, advising him not to bring his goods into the interior of Sind and informing him that his attempt to proceed to Shikarpur would expose him to the risk of being insulted, if not plundered. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (174-175) &)

Letter No, 205, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Charles, Commanding the H’ble Count’s Surveying Brigade, requesting him to hand over the treasure consigned to him to Lieutenant East wick and desiring him not to leave the coast of Sind until the arrival of the troops as his intimate acquaintance with the locality of the whole of delta of Indus would be valuable to His Excellency; letter No. 221 of 26^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger forwarding copy of the above letter to Government of Bombay. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (175-178) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (195) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Lieutenant Burns, submitting his report with regard to the other preparations made in Sind to receive the army. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (939-942) &)

Letter No. 209 of 23ed November 1838 from ColonelPottinger to Government of Bombay offering his opinion relating to subsidiary force to be established in Lower Sind and its composition and strength; letter No. 214 of 23ed November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to that and his observations regarding the strength of subsidiary force and the cession of a portion of the country to meet the cost on account of the subsidiary force; letter of 13^th December 1838 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that His Lordship was not disposed to entertain any position having reference to territorial acquisitions in Sind as at all advisable, &c. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (955-957) &)

Letter No. 223, dated 27^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Major-General Wiltshire, Commanding British Troops in Sind, congratulating him on his arrival in Sind and offering his opinion on several points connected with the disembarkation of the force. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (965-966) &)

Letter No. 230 of 28^th November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Mr. Pestanjee Framji, Agent to Messrs. Firth & Co., informing him that he considered it unsafe for him to proceed to the interior of the Province and that as he had no authority to grant by the river route (via Viccur) and then advance up the river as soon as the army moved. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (209-210) &)

Letter No. 233-A. of 28^th November 1838 from Caption Eastwick to Captain Melwille, Assistant Resident in Cutch, requesting him to supply him with one thousand camels or even more to enable the force to proceed into the interior as it was useless to depend on the Ameers of Sind for any assistance as they, in spite of their professions, were hostile to the advance of the British army and would be delighted to throw obstacles in their way. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (218-220) &)

Letter No. 239-A., of 1^st Desember 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Sir Alexander Burns relating to dispatch of treasure by the ships bringing the troops, &c.; letter No. 256 of 12^th December 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above for information and making suggestions for sale of bullion at Hyderabad to get coin necessary to meet expenses incurred by the troops; that the greatest difficulty he found and the one in which he was unable to see his way out was want of money and in spite of having 25 lakhs of bullion he was unable raise one thousand rupees at Hyderabad or at Tatta, &c.; that he had instructed Lieutenant Leckie to remain at Hyderabad as long as he was not threatened or insulted by the rabble or he saw no cause to apprehend that he and other gentlemen of the Residency were in sort of personal danger, &c. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (228-231) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (260-264) &)

Letter No. 271, dated 1^st December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of his letter No. 267 of 20^th December 1838 to Government of Bombay calling for subsidiary force to Sind without delay and informing that he agreed with Colinel Burns in his opinion that the presence of His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk in Sind would be advantageous and that he trusted that His Majesty would march to Shikarpur without delay. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (318-323) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (312-317) &)

Letter No. 241, dated 2^nd December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to 1^st December 1838, as under:-

That Meer Noor Mouhammed Khan expressed his willingness to pay his share and for other Meers of the tribute of Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk, but he was informed that he (Colonel Pottenger) had been prohibited by His Lordship from interfering into the affair; that on the morning of 27^th he received a letter from Lieutenant Eastwick regarding arrival of the troops at the mounth of Indus and and reporting that Ghulam Shah, who had been sent off by Meer Noor Mohomed a month ago, had not only collected grain but he refused to sell provisions on a large scale to the Army; that before the news of the arrival of the troops reached Hyderabad Meer Noor Mohomed khan called all the Baluchees to Hyderabad and brought all his guns from the bank of the river to an enclosure near Colonel Pottenger’s camp; that Meer Noor Mohomed informed the Native Agent that he meant to oppose the British army but if Colonel Pottenger gave him assurance of the safety of the country he would issue orders for their dispersal; that he was prepared to pay the tribute to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk and if he was not able to raise the money he would put him (Colonel Pottenger) in possession of Larkana or Shikarpur till he was able to liquidate the loan. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (979-983) &)

Letter No. 242, dated 2^nd December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Burns informing him that he felt doubtful whether he would be able to get ‘Puewanas’ from the Ameers for purchase of corn for the troops. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (241-242) &)

Letter, dated 3ed December 1838, from Captain Burns, Envoy at Kelat, to Colonel Pottenger relating to the supplies to be procured in Lower Sind for the Bombay Armay under the command of Sir John Keane; letter, dated 8^th April 1839, from Government of India to the senior officer in command of the troops at Shikarpur, directing him to co-operate with the Political Agent in all matters regarding advance, protection and comfort of the army; letter, dated 26^th August 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell, Political Agent, Shikarpur, forwarding to him for transmission to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur, a copy of the proclamation of His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk regarding his entry into Cabool; letter, dated 14^th October 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell forwaeding him copies of correspondence with Political Agent at Ludhiana on the subject of proposed proclamation by Sikh Government encouraging the general trade Government encouraging the general trade between Sind and the Punjab. Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (63-65) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (117-120) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (133) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (153) &)

Letter No. 255, dated 12^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that he concurred with Commander-in-Chief regarding proposed communication with the Indus by means of a steamer and advisability of the plan and that he would make proper arrangements to receive all stores, &c., for the force. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (257-258) &)

Letter No. 260, dated 15^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings as under:-

That he had an interview with Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and other Meers in the afternoon of 3^rd of December; that information had been received from Seth Naomal of Karachi, that he had collected eight hundred camels for the army but the owners of the animals could not proceed to Viccur without the express permission of the Government of Karachi; that he sent a message to Meer Noor Mohomed telling him that if the camels were not speedily produced he would suggest the Commander-in-Chief to take possession of Karachi; that he proceeded to Viccur and met Commander-in-Chief on 8^th when a messenger arrived with a letter from Meer Noor Mohomed stating that he had failed to keep his promise about the camels and that he had issued orders for dispatch of several thousand camels to Viccur, &c.; that all the Ameers had given orders for guns to be removed to Lakhat, a place near Sehwan, with a view to defend Hyderabad; that one ‘ Jam located near Karachi, sent a message through his brother offering his services to British Government and proposed to meet him (Colonel Pottenger) at night through Seth Naomal but his offer was declined. Year, 1837-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1015-1025) &)

Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (63-65) &)

Letter No. 262, dated 18^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Pottenger Burns informing him that for reasons stated therein he would be unable to render him any help in collecting supplies and obtaining carriage for the army of the Indus, &c. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (299-302) &)

Letter No. 264, dated 19^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Burns informing him that disclosure of His Lordship’s plans regarding Lower Sindh will be ill-advised and premature and that it would enable the Ameer to Make preparations for best resistence in their power to the British Army, &c.; that Honorable Company’s steamer “Semeranis” would be dispatched on 28^th with cooli laborers’ together with treasure and sepoys. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (306-310) &)

Letter No. 589, dated 23^rd December 1838, from Government of Bombay to Comisary-General and letter No. 2067, of 26^th December 1838 from the latter to the Government of Bombay in connection with entertainment of a body of coolies required by Political Resident for service in Sind. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 pages No (1089-1090) &) Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1095-1097) &)

Letter No. 633 26^th December 1838, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger enquiring whether it was necessary that whole of the force should arrive atonce at Karachi. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1061-1064) &)

Letter, dated 31^st December 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger relating to character of the measures taken by the Ameers towards the British Government ; warning to the Ameers that their proceedings during the expedition would regulate the future them and that His Lordship was unwilling to entertain any propositions of territorial acquisition. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 287page No (90-95) &)

          Steam communication between Bombay and mouth of Indus and opening of a depot at Tatta.

Letter No. 472, dated 2^nd November 1838, from Government of Bombay to Resident in Sind relating to – Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (203-206) &)

Letter No. 559, dated 14^th February 1839, from Commisary-General to Government of Bombay, pointing out the difficulty experienced in proceeding carriage for advance of Sind army; letter No. 1125, dated 4^th March 1839, from Government of Bombay to Commisary-General, authorizing him to purchase camels for the army. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (265-266) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (266-267) &)

Letter, dated 18^th February 1839, from Government of India to Government of Bombay conveying the approbation of His Lordship of the prompt measure adopted by His Excellency the Naval Commander for reducing Karachi. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (307-308) &)

Letter, dated 28^th February 1839, from Lieutenant Eastwick, Assistant Resident in Sind, to His Excellency Sir John Keane, Commander-in-Chief of the army of the Indus reporting that the army under his command had been plundered and that the prices of commodities had been kept so high that the camp followers with their limited means were unable to purchase sufficient grain. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211page No (215-221) &)

Letter No. 40, dated 4^th May 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Colonel Pottenger reporting that the fleet had been detained at Sehwan under the orders of Ameers. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (581-584) &)

Letter No. 366, dated 30^th March 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Officer Commanding Tatta in connection with the preservation of Shikargahs of the Ameers of Sind while passing the army through their territory. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (301-302) &)

Letter No. 2 of 3^rd April 1839, from T.D. Lecki, Assistant Resident, Sind, to Colonel Pottenger informing him that he passed on the communications to Meers Noor Mohomed, Naseer Khan, Meer Mohomed and Sobdar all the Ameers seemed dissatisfied with the amended treaty, but they were distinctly told that the orders of Governor-General were final and no alterations could possibly be made in it. It had however come to his notice that the Ameers, one and all, had no intention to accept the amended treaty. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1105-1109) &)

Letter No 3 dated 6^th April 1839, from T.D. Leckie, Assistant to Lieutenant Eastwick on the subject of “Dak” runners for transmission of post from Tatta to Hyderabad and to Bukkur. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1110) &)

Letter No. 23, dated 24^th April 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Colonel Spiller, Commanding at Tatta, informing him that he would get permits from the Ameers for cutting timber required for hutting the troops and that he should send them on to him early. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (685-686) &)

Letter No. 607, dated 10^th May 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding meteorological Register for July in reply to their letter on the subject of climate of Tatta and Karachi. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (625-630) &)

Letter, dated 23ed May 1839, from Government of India to Political Agent, Shikarpur, forwarding for information extracts from Mr. McNaughton’s letter, dated 26^th April 1839, conveying good news of triumphant occupation of Kandhar by His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (473-474) &)

Letter, dated 1^st July 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell expressing approval of the arrangements for conveyance of dak between Shikarpur and Dadur and informing that no arrangements had been made for ‘dak’ between Dadur and Quetta &c. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (419-420) &)

Letter, dated 1^st July 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell approving his plan for enlistment, organization and employment of Baluch crops. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (423) &)

Letter, No. 532 dated 4^th July 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding a copy of a letter from Military Board on the question of wages and rates of hire prevailing in Sind. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (525-531) &)

Minute, dated 20^th August 1839, by Governor-General on the army of the Indus and political prospects and arrangements in Afghanistan. Year, 1839-41… Department, Political … File No, 203 page No (271-316) &)

Letter No.591 of August 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Leckie, Assistant Resident at Hyderabad, regarding fuel depots on the Indus. Year, 1839…Miscellaneous..Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (647-652) &)

Letter No. 635-A, dated 31^st August 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India regarding concentration of troops at Sukkur and informing that he agreed with Mr. Ross Bell in his suggestions made on the subject. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (611-612) &)

Letter, dated 3^rd September 1839, from Government of India to Sir H. MacNaughton, Envoy and Minister at Cabool, directing him to communicate to the officers of trust and responsibility the orders of Government prohibiting them from sending copies of correspondence to their friends in England relative to the duties on which they were employed. Year, 1839-41… Miscellaneous. Department, Political … File No, 203 page No (69-71) &)

Letter, dated 5^th October 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Lieutenant White Lock at Tatta, informing that he was unable to hire boats for conveying grain with the army as the boatmen refused to accept reduced pay. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (79-80) &)

Letter No. 707, dated 10^th October 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India expressing his views regarding the seaport of Karachi and mentioning facts illustrative of the difficulty of introducing policy of British Government in Sind and submitting for information of His Lordship an English version of a memo. To the address of the Ameers of Sind for subsidy to be paid by the Ameers towards the maintenance of the British Army in Sind. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (115-119) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1839, to Colonel Pottenger reporting theft of camels, from the Kafila under Surwarkhan Lohana; letter, dated 6^th November 1839, to Captain Eastwisk, Assistant Political Agent, Upper Sind, informing that he had brought the above to the notice of the Ameers of Hyderabad and the latter had directed Takkee Shah, Governor of Shikarpur, to investigate the matters and bring the parties at fault to book; letter, dated 7^th November 1839, to Colonel Pottenger informing that he brought the above facts to the notice of Mir Nur-Mohomed Khan who gave an enasive reply to him. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (539-540) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (541) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (543) &)

Letter No. 351, dated 20^th February 1840, from Government of Bombay to Government of India for orders on the letter from Lieutenant-General Sir John Keane reporting the arrangement made by him for breaking of the part of the army of Indus under the command of Major-General Wiltshire and  distribution of the troops to remain in Upper Sind and Lower Sind; and requesting that as the junction of the two forces at that moment was premature both from a political and military point of view orders be issued for the command at Karachi to stand as it did, previous to the change ordered by His Excellency Lord Keane; letter, dated 2^nd March 1840, from Government of India sanctioning the arrangements reported by Lord Keane and approving of the staff appointed for Sind Brigade under command of Brigadier Stevenson, &c.

Proposal of Lord Keane for establishing a permanent Cantonment for European troops at Karachi (vide letter of 20^th February 1840) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (141-144) &)

Letter, dated 23ed March 1840, from Government of India to Government of Bombay informing that Governor-general agreed with the above proposal of Lord Keane and at the same time approved of the resolutions of Governor in Council that be held distinct, each by a Brigadier of second class, &c. Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (177-180) &)

Letter No. 346, dated 4^th March 1841, from Government of Bombay to Envoy and Minister at Cabool  informing that Governor in Council being apprised of the unsettled state of affairs at Heart and candhar had issued orders to Military Board directing them to send to Karachi the Ordinance and Military stores and to place them at the disposal of Political Agent, Lower Sind; letter No. 347 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Major Outram requesting him to receive charge of the above and supply them to the Envoy and Minister at Cabool when 1841, from Military Board to Government of Bombay reporting compliance of their order of 4^th March 1841; letter, dated 19^th April 1841 from Government of India to Government of Bombay informing that the advance season of the year had rendered it impracticable to convey heavy artillery through Bolan Pass and it was desirable that all siege Ordnance be stored at Sukkur till the arrival of proper season for transporting them; letter No. 480 of 19^th April 1841, from Government of India to Major Outram forwarding him copy of the above for information. Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (257-258) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (259-260) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (261-262) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (275-276) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (279) &)

Letter No. 166, dated 6^th April 1840, from Major Outram and Political Agent, Sind, to Government of India relating to issue of permits for goods passing free of transit duty into British Cantonments in Sind. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (227-230) &)

Letter, No. 562, dated 17^th August 1840, from Government of India to Political Agent, Sind, informing him that the precautions taken by him in his letter quoted above to prevent the Ameers from being defrauded of their just dues were highly necessary. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (239-241) &)

Letter, dated 11^th May 1840, from Major Outram, Political Agent, Lower Sind, to Government of India discussing the propriety of a toll- tax being levied by the Ameers on boats plying in the Indus, &c.; letter No 386, dated 22^nd June 1840, Government of India to Political Agent, Lower Sind, in reply furnishing instructions.

Letter, dated 25^th May 1840. From Government of India to Captain Outram approving of his arrangements made in connection with the establishment of packet boats between Karachi and Sukkur.

Letter No. 16, dated 4^th July 1842, from Captain Brown, Assistant Political Agent, Sind and Baluchistan, to Major Outram forwarding for transmission to Governor-General Copy of the plan of Bukkur together with a report thereon. Year, 1839-41… Department, Political Miscellaneous. … File No, 203 page No (79-87) &)

Letter No. 2072, dated 1^st August 1842, from Lieutenant Brown to Government of India reporting the death of Mr. Ross Bell; letter No. 2106, dated 3^rd August 1842, to Government of India informing that a will had been found among the effects of Mr. Ross Bell and that Lieutenant Brown had been selected one of the six executors of his will. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 Vol.I. Page No (87) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I.  Page No (91) &)

Letter No. 263, dated 2^nd March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charless Napier, Commanding Sind and Baluchistan, regarding re-enforcement of troops in Sind; letter No. 283, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier Commanding Sind, intimating that he had asked the Commander-in-Chief to send two regiments of infantry and one of artillery to Sukkur; letter No. 297, dated 8^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier informing that 9^th and 55^th regiments had been ordered to proceed to Sukkur from Ferozepur and that he had ordered for six steamers with flats for carriage of troops; letter No. 315, dated 13^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier expressing doubts of the ability of Bombay Government to send two regiments to Sind and intimating that Bombay Government had been requested to send coal, grapes, heavy guns, and mortars to Sind and asking him to call, if necessary on the Naval officers at Karachi to send guns with seamen to work there; letter No. 323, dated 15^th March 1843, from Commanding Sind, informing that as a Native Regiment could not be sent from Bombay, 3 of Infantry and 4 Rissaldars would be sent to Sukkur from Ferozepur and making other arrangements for the dispatch of the army. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (1-2) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (5) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (7-8) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (11-12) &) Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (15-17) &)

Letter No. 284,, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier approving of his plan of battle and stating that he had asked the Military Secretary to prepare an order relative to the course to be pursued by Prize Agents. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (65) &)

Letter No. 285, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charless Napier relating to removal of obstructions to a portion of the waters of the Indus flower into sea near Lakhput. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (81-82) &)

Letter No. 286, dated 6^th March 1843, from Government-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to the retention of the territories on the Right Left Bank of the River Indus. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (209-210) &)

Letter No. 281, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to the preparation of the map showing in different colures the territories belonging to several Ameers. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (213-214) &)

Letter from Lord Ellenbrought to Sir Charless Napier congratulating him on his victory gained in a well fought battle.

Letter No. 280, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for reasons stated therein to take upon himself the Government of the Province of Sind and to select such officers in whom he can confide. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (217) &)

Letter No. 292, dated 7^th March 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier furnishing him with instructions regarding disposal of booty captured by army in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (77-78) &)

Letter No. 301, dated 10^th March 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier relating to suppression of slave trade in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (243-44) &)

Letter No. 320, dated 14^th March 1843, forwarding a copy of the general orders, dated 13^th March 1843, presenting to the Sind Horse the standard they from the enemy in battle of Meanee and informing that standards of the three colors of Military Ribbon of India inscribed with words “Hyderabad, 1843” in Persian, English and Hindi languages would be prepared for Sind Horse. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (9-10) &)

Letter No. 325, dated 15^th March 1845, from Governor-General to His Excellency Sir Charles Napier giving him instructions to follow after the conquest. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (17-19) &)

Letter No. 343, dated 18^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding copies of his order, dated 15^th March 1843, expressing satisfaction on the services rendered in the battle of Meanee by several officers, non-commissioned officers and privates. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (217) &)

Letter No. 350, dated 20^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier appointing Major-General Sampson, Second in Command to the Governor in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (153) &)

Letter No. 423, dated 12^th April 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier regarding arrangement for carriage of army and introduction of one uniform system for maintaining one commissariat for corps in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (85-87) &)

Letter No. 443, dated 17^th April 1843, from Lord Ellenbrough to His Excellency Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a general order declaring that no demand would be made declaring that no demand world be made by British Government of any arrears of revenue due to the Ameers but that all revenue from that date would be payable British officers. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (25) &)

Letter No. 456 of 18^th April 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for preparation of a sketch of the last battle, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (229) &)

Letter No. 645, dated 26^th April 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier giving instructions with regard to the accounts of receipts and desiring him to incorporate Sind accounts with those of Bengal from after 1^st May 1843. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (209-216) &)

Letter, dated 28^th April 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding disposal of bullion found in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (139) &)

Letter No. 544, dated 11^th May 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for transmission to Bombay of captured guns at Cabool. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (267-269) &)

Letter No. 624, dated 27^th May 1843, from Government of Bombay to Sir Charles Napier in connection with appointments of Deputy Collectors in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (283-285) &)

Letter No. 621, dated 27^th May 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier giving instructions as to how the debts of the ex-Ameers should be paid by British Government. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (367-368) &)

Letter No 655, dated 4^th June 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier relating to the re-opening of ancient connection between the Indus and Nara so as to make the latter flow to the District of Omerkote. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (359-360) &)

Letter No. 670, dated 10^th June 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier informing that he asked the Commissary General to procure camels for the use of the army in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (95-96) &)

Letter No. 234, dated 15^th July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier authorizing him to raise a camel corps necessary for establishing and securing tranquility in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (319-320) &)

Letter No. 239, dated 20^th July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier forwarding extract paragraph of a letter of 3ed June 1843, from the Secret Committee asking for supply of copies of certain documents relating to the abdication of Mir Rustom Khan, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (111) &)

Letter No. 260, dated 23ed July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier conveying the Governor General’s views and sentiments in regard to the lands to which Mir Alimurad was entitled. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (77-83) &)

Letter No. 701, dated 25^th June 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier congratulating him or success of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert at Sehwan and on capture of Mir Sher Mohammed Khan’s brother. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (351) &)

Letter No. 267, dated 29^th July 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier selecting Captain Young as Judge Advocate for Sind.

Letter No. 296, dated 8^th August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a copy of the report from the Chemical Examiner on the specimen of Saltpeter manufactured in Lower Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (135-136) &)

Letter No. 298, dated August 1843, from Governor-General of India to Governor of Sind forwarding his sentiments on his letters of 13^th and 18^th July relating to the transactions with the Ameers and Chiefs of Sind before and subsequent to the battle of Meanee. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (85-86) &)

Letter No. 305, dated 13^th August 1843, from Lord Ellen borough to Sir Charles Napier relating to the appointment of Captain Baker and other officers in charge of survey operations in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (33-34) &)

Letter No. 316, dated 16^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a copy of his letter No. 315 of even date to Governor-General’s Agent in Rajputana on subject of dispatch of a detachment or a portion of Jodhpur force to Omerkote. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (27) &)

Letter No. 334, dated 26^th August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier, Governor of Sind, forwarding for information and guidance copy of a dispatch from Honorable the Secret Committee relating to Prize property at Hyderabad. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (75) &)

Letter No. 574, dated 24^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier conveying his remarks on the difference of opinion between the Commander-in-Chief and Governor on Sind respecting the mode of investing the conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Mosely and others. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (193-197) &)

Letter No.328, dated 25^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding measures to be taken for prevention of smuggling of opium through Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (171-172) &)

Letter No. 1224, dated 25^th  August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier relative to suppression of all native mints in Sind as also to the prohibition of further coinage of Sind rupees. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I Page No (193-198) &)

Letter No. 355, dated 3^rd September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding appointment of Captain Tait as Resident at Khairpur. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (111-112) &)

Letter No. 356, dated 3^rd September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to adoption of Bombay Customs House Regulations at Karachi. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI. Page No (119) &)

Letter No. 359, dated 4^th September 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier informing him that one of the three guns captured after the battle of Meanee would be sent to England to be kept on the terrace at Windsor and the other two to be placed at the foot of the monument at Bombay and desiring him to send a fourth one which he would place in front of the Government House at Calcutta. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (379-380) &)

Letter No. 343, dated 9^th September 1843, from Government of India to Government of Bombay intimating that orders had been issued for the relief of the Bombay army by the Bengal army. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.Page No (51) &)

Letter No. 137, dated 16^th September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him copies of dispatches from Political Commissioner, Gujrat, and others regarding surrender of Khosa Chiefs on the border of Cutch and Thar.

Letter No. 381, dated 18^th September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a list of the corps ordered to be sent relieve the Bombay troops, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoII. Page No (147) &)

 

Wikipedia provides information about Henry Pottinger Lieutenant General Sir Henry Pottinger, 1st Baronet, GCB, PC (3 October 1789 – 18 March 1856), was an Anglo-Irish soldier and colonial administrator who became the first Governor of Hong Kong. Henry Pottinger was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1789. He was the fifth son of Eldred Curwen Pottinger, Esq., of Mount Pottinger, County Down, and his wife Anne, who was the daughter of Robert Gordon, Esq., of Florida House in the same county. They had three daughters and eight sons. Eldred Pottinger was his nephew. Henry studied at the Belfast Academy, today known as Belfast Royal Academy. In 1804, he went to India to serve in the army and explored the lands between the Indus and Persia, travelling in disguise as a Muslim merchant and studying local languages, under the orders of Sir John Malcolm. In 1806, he joined the British East India Company and in 1809, he was a Lieutenant who fought in one of the Anglo-Mahratta wars. In 1810, he and Charles Christie undertook an expedition from Nushki (Balochistan) to Isfahan (Central Persia) disguised as a Muslims. Christie went north to Herat and then west while Pottinger went west across two deserts to Kerman and Isfahan where they rejoined. The expedition was funded by the East India Company to map and research the regions of Balochistan and Persia because of concerns about India being invaded by French forces. It would be 100 years before another European took this route, and Pottinger rose to the rank of Colonel. Pottinger later became Resident Administrator of Sindh in 1820. He later held the same post in Hyderabad. In 1820, he married Susanna Maria Cooke who in 1831 gave birth to their son, Frederick Pottinger who became notorious for his run-ins with bushrangers as Inspector of Police in New South Wales, Australia. Their second son, Henry, was born on 10 June 1834 and died on 18 October 1909. He was created a baronet when he returned to England in 1839. Pottinger accepted Foreign Secretary Lord Palmerston’s offer of the post of envoy and plenipotentiary in China and superintendent of British trade, thus replacing Charles Elliot. In 1841, when Pottinger was sent to China, Palmerston instructed him to “examine with care the natural capacities of Hong Kong, and you will not agree to give up that Island unless you should find that you can exchange it for another in the neighbourhood of Canton, better adapted for the purposes in view; equally defensible; and affording sufficient shelter for Ships of War and Commerce”. On 4 November 1841, Palmerston’s successor Lord Aberdeen wrote to Pottinger that he had doubts over Hong Kong’s acquisition since it would incur administrative expenses, and complicate relations with China and other nations. After Pottinger joined the British expeditionary force in northern China, he negotiated the terms of the Treaty of Nanking (1842), which ended the First Opium War and ceded Hong Kong Island to the United Kingdom. Pottinger became the second Administrator of Hong Kong (1841–1843) and the first Governor of Hong Kong (1843–1844). When he forwarded the treaty to Aberdeen, Pottinger remarked, “the retention of Hong Kong is the only point in which I have intentionally exceeded my modified instructions, but every single hour I have passed in this superb country has convinced me of the necessity and desirability of our possessing such a settlement as an emporium for our trade and a place from which Her Majesty’s subjects in China may be alike protected and controlled.” On 26 April 1843, the Governor’s residence (Former French Mission Building) was robbed. On 26 June 1843, he was appointed to become the Chief Commander of the British troops stationed in Hong Kong. During his very short tenure, Pottinger established executive and legislative chambers, with one discussing political affairs and one designing legal codes. However, the chambers did not convene often, and this gave Pottinger wide-ranging powers to decide on policy. Towards the end of his tenure, Pottinger lost the support of the local British merchants and was isolated. He left on 7 May 1844. During his governorship, Hong Kong became the major port for trading opium in China. Pottinger became a member of the Privy Council in 1844, and became Governor of Cape Colony in 1847 and also of Madras in the same year. In 1851, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. He died in retirement in Malta in 1856. In 1836, Lord Auckland deputed Henry Pottinger to the Amīrs, to negotiate an offensive and defensive alliance with Amirs of Sindh without giving them protection against the Sikhs. Pottinger’s maneuverings in Sindh yielded results. The Amīrs were forced to conclude a treaty with Pottinger on 20 April 1838. British diplomacy in Sindh had permanently thwarted Raṇjīt Siṅgh’s designs on that country. Pottinger, who remained political agent in Sindh from 1836-40. During his stay in Sindh in capacity of Political Agent, he made correspondence with The East India Company Government on the Sindh Affairs that is preserved in Sindh Government Records. I am sharing here with brief of his correspondence, which reflects the Political and social situation of Sindh during his tenure of his posting in Sindh. People of Sindh know Colonel Pottinger, because of his book “Travels in Beloochistan and Sinde” that was translated into Sindhi & publish by Sindh Adabi Board. Most of us are not aware about his negative role played by him while he was Political Agent in Sindh. He made correspondence with his government that is available in Sindh in government files. The then Government of Bombay published catalogue on this official correspondence. Entries in this catalogue regarding correspondence made by Pottinger are as under:

Letter No. 256, dated 20^th November 1831, from Political Superintendent, Cutch to Government of Bombay relating to the pursuit after free-booters ( Soda Jagatsing of Nagar Parkar and Soda Poonjaji of Vera- veer ) by Sindian troops under Nawab Ghulam Shah Laghari, Chief of Saimkote.(Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (22-24) &)

Letter, dated 24^th November 1831, from Captain Sir C. Malcolm, Superintendent of Navy, to Earl of Clare, President and Governor in Council, informing him as to the time the Sind Mission, under Colonel Pottenger would take to reach Mandvi  ; letter from Mr.  C.  Morris, Chief Secretary to Government of Bombay to Captain Sir C. Malcolm in reply to the above letter; letter No. 1789, dated 28^th November 1831, from Government of Bombay to Envoy in Sind informing him that an advance of Rs. 15,000 had been made in his favour on account of the mission to Sind; (Year, 1832 Department. Political… File No, 300 Page (1-3) &) (Year 1832 Department Political… 300 Page (5) &)

Letter from Governor in Council to His Highness Nawab Bahawalkhan, Daood Potra, Chief of Bahawalpore, making a Present of certain valuable articles to him for showing kind attentions and hospitality to Lieutenant Burns while on his journey to Lahore ; (Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (9-10) & )

Letter, dated December 1831, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a   copy of a letter written under order of Governor-General to Political Assistant at Ludhiana, and of one to the address of Maharajah Ranjeetsing, Ruler of Lahore, relating to Colonel Potenger’s Mission to the courts of Ameers in Sind in connection with improvement of means of intercourse between His Highness’s territories and those of British Government by the route of Indus; (Year, 1832 …Department, Political …File No, 300 Page (47-54) &)

Letter No. 43, dated 9^th January 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of his Progress report relating to the mission to the Ameers of Sind and sanctioning grant of Presents to the Agent of His Highness Meer Murad Ali Khan of Sind; (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300 (71-72) & )

Letter, dated 12^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of the emissary of Meer Naseer Khan and of the course proposed to be followed in continuing his journey to Hyderabad;( Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300 (73-83) &)

Letter, dated 19^th January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing how he was received by the ‘Mahenandaes’ of Meer Murad Ali Khan, that his baggage was detained at the mouth of Indus and that he remonstrated with the ‘Mahemandars’ of Meer Alimurad Khan against the unfriendly act on the part of the Meer; (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (26-35) &)

Letter No. 2, dated 21^st January 1832, from Government of Bombay directing Colonel Pottenger to act in accordance with sentiments expressed in extract paragraphs 5 to 8 of the dispatch from the Governor-General. (Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (87-89) &)

Letter, dated 25^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger stating that the accounts of the Sind Mission will ultimately be passed by Supreme Government, but as the Bombay Government were connected with the Mission it would be convenient that they should pass in the first instance through that Government;(Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 300(93-94)&)

Letter, dated 26^th January 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of his letter of 8^th idem and expressing-

(i)           His Lordship’s approval of the instructions issued to Dr. Del Hoste to avail himself of the opportunities afforded by the Mission to extend acquaintance with the Geography of Sind;

(ii)         Enjoining great caution to avoid incurring any imputation of converting the Mission into an expedition for the purpose of exploring the routes and military resources of the country.(Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(95-96) &)

(iii)        Letter No. 40, dated 21^st January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India stating that Syed Zainuddin discussed with him the claims of several rival candidates to the musnud of Sind Government after to the death of Meer Muradali Khan; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (41-51) &)

(iv)        Letter from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of a letter and it translation from Meer Murad Ali Khan expressing His Highness’s friendly wishes and intentions towards His Lordship;(Year, 1832 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (41-51)&)

Letter No. 43, dated 31^st January 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the following proceedings with the Government of Sind with effect from the date of his arrival in Sind :-

(a)  Suspicions raised in the mind of Meer Muradali owing to the deputation of Colonel Pottenger to Khairpur and obstruction put by the Ameer in the Colonel Pottenger’s design to proceed to Khairpur;

(b) Reception of Colonel Pottenger and his associates by Meer Muradali Khan;

(c)  Interview of Colonel Pottenger with the Ameer.

(d) Draft treaty consisting of nine articles-Discussions of-with Munshi Khushiram. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (52-103) &)

 

Letters No. 46 and 46-B of 3^rd February 1832 and 5^th February 1832, respectively, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Meer Muradali had permitted him to proceed to Khairpur had permitted him to proceed to Khairpur and that before leaving Hyderabad he had sent an outline of treaty to Meer Muradali to calm his suspicions and asking for further instructions;( Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (147-175) (178-190) &)

Letter No. 53, dated 11^th February 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing:-

(a)  That Meer Muradali accepted the Presents sent by His Lordship;

(b) That he had  another interview with Meer Muradali Khan;

(e)  That owing to certain disturbances at Khairpur his departure had been postponed to that place at the expressed desire of the Meer; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (190-215) &)

Letter, dated 15^th February 1832, from Government of India in reply to Colonel Pottenger’s letter No. 38, dated 21^st January 1832, expressing approval of his conduct in the intercourse he had with Mehmandars; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(117-118) &)

Letter, dated 17^th February 1832, from Government of India in reply to Colonel Pottenger’s letter No. 40, dated 21^st January 1832, approving of the manner in which he discussed the question of succession and the caution maintained by him, and giving future instructions in connection with the matter; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (119-120) &)

Letter No. 57, dated 22^nd February 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the following further proceedings at the Court of Meer Muradali:-

(I)         Message from Meer Muradali Khan desiring Colonel Pottenger to quit Hyderabad at once and proceed to Khairpur;

(2)        Memorandum from Colonel Potenger to Meer Muradali stating that he was ready to act agreeably to his advice and that he was waiting for reply from Meer Rustomkhan;

(3)       Deputation of Ahmedkhan and Bakshali to accompany Colonel Pottenger and his party to Khairpur;

(4) March of Kharaksing to Dera Gazikhan and preparations made by Ameers of Hyderabad to meet him on the Sind Frontier;

(5)         Message from Meer Muradalikhan desiring Colonel Pottenger to return to Cutch if such a contingency arose and informing that he would write a letter to His Highness Governor-General explaining him the reason for dismissing the Mission;

(6) Memorandum from Colonel Potenger to the Meer making some suggestions for establishing certain degree of political influence, without which no treaty would be found effectual.

(7) Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Murad Ali Khan informing that he had decided to send one of the gentlemen of his suite (Dr. Delhoste) to Khairpur ;unfriendly attitude adopted by the officers and difficulties thrown in the way of Colonel Pottenger’s access to Khairpur by the Meer and Colonel Pottenger’s protest. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(249-290) &)

Letters, dated 29^th February 1832, and 2^nd March 1832, from Dr. Delhoste, attached to the Mission to Colonel Pottenger, relating to his reception at the Khairpur Durbar. ; (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(167-181) &)

Letter, dated from February 1832, from Government of India forwarding, for information, to Colonel Pottenger copies of-

(I)           A letter from Maharajah Ranjeetsing respecting the navigation of the River Indus and by him in explanation;

(2)       A letter from Maharajah Ranjistsing in reply;

(3)         Letter from Government of India in reply to the above. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301 (201-207) &)

Letter, dated February 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of Colonel Pottenger’s letter of 31^st January 1832 and approving of his conduct in the difficult and troublesome discussions with Ruler of Hyderabad and his officers;(Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(161-163) &)

Letter No. 56 of Colonel Pottenger appointing Dr. Delhoste to proceed to Khairpur and giving him instructions for guidance. ;( Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(249-290) &)

Letter, dated 17^th March 1832, from Government of India (I) approving, with certain modifications of the draft treaty negotiated with Meer Muradali and giving further instructions; (2) forwarding a letter to the address of Meer Muradali Khan, assuring His Highness that British Government had no desire to covet his possessions (i.e. Shikarpur) and that integrity of Sind dominions will ever be respected. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(209-211) &)

Letter, dated 17^th March 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger, conveying His Excellency the Governor General’s approbation of the prudent and conciliatory course of proceedings which he (Colonel-Pottenger) adhered throughout the course of his negotiations and furnishing further instructions. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(213-218) &)

Letter No.59, dated 19^th March 1832, from Acting Resident at Bhooj forwarding copies of correspondence relating to complaint of one Sador Rahbaree of Palanpur against an outrage committed by certain Khosas of Islamkote and (2) of a letter to the address of Ameers of Sind for redress of grievances. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(268-270) &)

Letter No. 71 of March 1832 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger reporting depredations committed by the Free-booter Pittoojee Waghela and requesting that it should be brought to the notice of the Ameers, if so desired. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(188) &)

Letter No. 69, dated 6^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing-

(I)           That negotiation with Khairpur State has taken a turn which would appear equally inexplicable and unexpected to His Lordship.

(2)        That several alterations  were suggested in the treaty by the officers of Khaipur    State, which in his opinion, were absolutely useless and that he informed the Vazir that he would take care to bring to the notice of Governor-General that such useless stuff had not proceeded from him;

(3)  That he had a further interview with Meer Rustomkhan on 5^th April 1832 but he had to return to his tents without being able to discover the cause of the visit having proved abortive. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(349-385) &)

Letter No, 71, dated 14^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting-

(I)           That Meer Rustomkhan suggested certain modifications to be made in the treaty which he refused point blank and at his request he omitted paragraph 5 of the treaty altogether;

(2)        That he had a last interview with Meers Rustomkhan, Mubarak Khan and Alimurad Khan when the treaty was exchanged between the parties; Meer Rustomkhan thereafter dismissed the Mission in kindest manner possible.

(3)      Meer Rustomkhan sent to Colonel Pottenger certain presents worth Rs. 1,000 in all;

(4)      Visit of sons of Meer Rustomkhan and Mubarak Khan to Colonel Pottenger as a token of respect for him;

(5)     His departure from Khairpur on 11^th April 1832;

(6)     Pointing out certain inconsistencies displayed by Meer Rustomkhan, his relations and ministers and at the same time assuring that the Meer was really disposed to form close alliance with British Government but he was restrained by his brother and Meer Muradali Khan of whom he could not be said to be independent;

(7)     That the question relating to succession to supreme authority at Khairpur on demise of Meer Rustomkhan was unsettled as that of Hyderabad;

(8)     That Meer Alimurad Khan made certain overtures in an underhand way and he desired to enter into a separate treaty, granting favourable terms, which he refused. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(406-443) &)

Letter No. 68, dated 16^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding them a copy of a letter, dated 28^th March 1832, from Jethmal, Native Agent at Hyderabad, relating to-

(I)           Plundering of Larkana Purgunnah by the Thanedat of Mehrabkhan Brohee and deportation of Ahmedkhan son of Nawab Wali Mohomed for committing reprisals;

(2)       Interview of Captain Wade with Maharajah Ranjeetsing for permission to open a factory at Mithankot. Meer Muradali Khan hearing of this desired that if a factory was opened at Mithankote there was no necessity of opening another in Sind. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(342-349) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Meer Muradali Khan of Hyderabad had agreed to hand over British Government some of the chiefs of Parkar and traitor Ismailkhan and requesting that Captain Robert might be directed to proceed to Lukhput to receive the prisoners; letter of 17^th May 1832 from Government of Bombay approving of the above proceedings. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(450-452) &)

Letter, dated 23^rd April 1832, from Acting Resident regarding plunder of Rahim ka-Bazar in Thar Parkar by Pittoojee Waghela and requesting that the Sind Government be moved to exert themselves to apprehend the free-booter. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(269-270) &)

Letter No.64, dated 27^th April 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Governor-General of India reporting the arrival of Mission at Khairpur and their proceedings at the Court of that Ameer as under:-

(I)           Letter from Meer Rustomkhan inviting Colonel Potenger to his Court and informing that officers would be dispatched to meet him on the Frontier;

(2)      Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Muradalikhan informing him of his departure to Khairpur and requesting that orders be issued to the boatmen to accompany him; Message Zulfukarkhan to Colonel Pottenger requesting him not to write anything to his Excellency Governor-General that would create displeasure towards him and desiring that Government of India would allow him (Colonel Pottenger) to remain at Cutch as no one would understand the way to preserve and add to friendly feelings between two Governments; reply from Colonel Potenger to the above stating that he was grateful to His Highness’s good opinion about him and that he was sure that Governor-General  and Governor of Bombay would replace him in Cutch or place some other capable officer there;

 

(3)          Colonel Pottenger’s present of one hundred Gola (venetians) to Syed Zulfukarkhan; Meer Muradali’s letter to Colonel Pottenger stating that it was contrary to the custom of his Government to receive such gifts; Colonel Pottenger’s suitable reply to the above;

(4)         Departure of Colonel Pottenger from Hyderabad on 27^th February 1832, and his arrival on 10^th March 1832 at Mithiani the first village in Meer Rustomkhan’s territories where he was met by Dewajikhan, Diwan Lakhmichand and others.

(5)         Letter from Dr. Delhoste regarding his good reception at Khairpur, enclosing a letter from the Mir expressing his friendship with British Government and cordially inviting Colonel Pottenger to his court;

(6)        Arrival of Colonel Pottenger at Khairpur on 21^st March 1832; Wazir Fatehkhan Ghori met him at the town of kot Laloo and informed him that Mir Rustomkhan was anxious to meet him; hearty welcome accorded and munificient hospitality shown to Colonel Pottenger; 23^rd March was fixed for public reception of the Mission; Colonel Pottenger sent a draft treaty to Meer Rustom Khan and requested him to add to or alter it any way he considered necessary; Further interview granted to Colonel Pottenger; draft treaty discussed with Mir Mubarak Khan and the Vazir ; the terms were seffled and copied fair. (Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(297-327) &)

Letter No. 80, dated 1^st May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting:-

(I)           Return of mission from Khairpur and their arrival at Hyderabad on 16^th April 1832.

(2)         That a memorandum was received from Meer Muradali Khan asking him for information on several points in connection with the Mission at Khairpur and his reply there to;

(3)        That had an interview with His Highness Meer Muradali and other Ameers and the former spoken about the treaty which he (Colonel   Pottenger) promised to send to him on the next day; the terms of the treaty were discussed with Munshi Khushiram who took a copy of it to Meer Muradali;

(4)         That on evening of 20^th Meer Bakar and Diwan Baharmal brought a statement of customs and other duties leviable on goods and vessels passing up the Indus which were very high; he remonstrated with Diwan and explained to him the position His Lordship the Governor-General would take if His Highness insisted to adopt the above tariff schedule; that in the afternoon of 21^st Munshi Khushiram with others returned with the statement of customs schedule and said that Meer Muradali desired that they should be definitely fixed before he (Colonel Potenger quitted Hyderabad ; the deputation was assured that the question would be fairly considered and discussed by British Government and that the matter would be referred to His Highness Meer Muradali’s final approbation and confirmation;

(5) Final interview with His Highness Meer Muradali on 22^nd April when the treaty was given to him. The Ameer introduced Bahadoor Khan Khokhur, the Chief, to whom he proposed to entrust the duty of extirpating the robbers who committed depredations on the requested that speedy arrangements be made with Rajah of Jessulmere for dispatch of army against the plunderers.

(6) Meer Muradali Khan granted permission to the Mission to return to India and sent several presents for Colonel Pottenger.

(7) That a supplementary treaty was signed and handed over to Colonel Pottenger.

 

(8) Departure of Mission from Hyderabad on 28^th April 1832.

 

(9) Forwarding a copy of the revised treaty with His Highness Meer Muradali of Hyderabad and discussing suitability or otherwise of the proposed rates of custom duties. &c.

 

Letter, dated 2^nd May 1832, from Government of India forwarding for information a copy of the report of Captain Wade on the commerce of Punjab. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(452-502) &)

Letter No. 82, dated 7^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Khosas and other Banditti, among whom was one Pettajee Waghela , had committed depredations in eastern districts of Sind and had repulsed the detachment sent against them by Meer Alimurad of Mirpur.

 

Visit of Bahadurkhan Khokhar to Colonel Pottenger and his desire to carry operations against the free-booters during the rains;(Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (518-525) &)

 

Letter No. 83 of 7^th idem from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay dispatching the above for transmission to Government of India and requesting for co-operation of Rajahs of Jessulmere in routing with British and Sind Government in routing the Khosas and other murderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (526-530) &)

 

Letter, dated 10^th May 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger acknowledging receipt of several letters received from him and expressing regret at the sudden turn which negotiations at Khairpur had taken and trusting that authorities at Khairpur would not impede the attainments of the principal object of the Mission, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (317-318) &)

 

Letter No. 84, dated 13^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India asking for orders on the disposal of presents and informing that the accounts of the mission would be sent after two months. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (530-536) &)

 

Letter No. 93, dated 14^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting three original treaties concluded by him with the Ameer of Khairpur and Hyderabad. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (561-563) &)

 

Letter No. 87, dated 18^th May 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Naseerkhan of Mirpur made overtures for a separate treaty on favourable terms but he refused to do anything with him without orders of Governer-General. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (541-546) &)

 

Letter No.67, dated 26^th May 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger approving of measures suggested for extirpation of Parkar free-booters and arrangements made with the Ameers of Hyderabad for the purpose. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (327-329) &)

 

Letter No. 104, dated 11^th june1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India.

 

(I)           Submitting with his remarks copies and translations of statements of duties furnished by chiefs of Hyderabad and Khairpur in virtue of treaties concluded with them;

 

   (2)      Informing that Duties on goods carried by land were quite high; commerce in                 Sind was therefore at a standstill and that this fact appeared to have given to the Ameers the smallest concern and that on several occasion His Highness Meer Muradali expressed that he and his family would deeply regret the revival of trade by Indus, whatever fiscal advantages he might reap. This was because it interfered with his shikargahs or preserves for game with which the whole course of Indus from Tatta to Sehwas was lined, &c.

 

(3) Giving a vivid description of river Indus and bringing to notice the deplorable condition of its banks and suggesting several improvements for its proper navigation;

 

(4)   Drawing attention to the Journal of Royal Asiatic Society of London for 1830-31, Page 227, in which the exports and imports were fully stated;

 

(5) Stating that at the time of invasion of Nadirshah there were forty thousand weavers of loongis and Calico at Tatta but in 1832 it was not even one-tenth of the size it was in 1809. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (564-575) &)

Letter dated 16^th June 1832, from Government of India to Government of Bombay intimating that the Governor-General had full confidence in the discretion of Governor in Council exercised in connection with joint operations contemplated against the freebooters and that Governor-General’s Agent at Ajmere would procure effective co-operation of Jodhpur and Jessulmere Durbars in the action against the plunderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (423-424) &)

 

Letter No. 108, dated 18^th June 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay requesting that arrangements might be made for manufacture of 6 sword blades and 6 highly furnished right hand guns, &c, in England for Meer Muradali Khan and suggesting that the cost of these articles be met from public funds; . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (593-594) &)

 

 

 

Letter dated 19^th June 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger in reply to several of his letters:-

 

(I)           Requesting transmission of ratified treaties, signed and sealed by Governor-General to their respective destinations;

 

(2)     Advising consideration of several details before the proposed Customs Tariff                schedule was drawn up and accepted by the Ameers;

 

(3)      Making further enquiries relating to the possessions of Meer Naseerkhan;

 

(4)      Enquiring as to the best place which may be fixed and at which customs dues would be collected;

 

(5)      Discussing the provisions of 4^th article of the treaty relating to issue of passports to persons proceeding to Sind for purposes of trade and appointing persons and fixing places where they should be issued;

 

(6)      Approving of line of conduct proposed to be adopted towards Meer Naseerkhan;

 

(7)      Expressing satisfaction on the result of what passed Colonel Potttenger and Ameer of Sind on the subject of combined operations against Khosas and other plunderers and giving further instructions on the matter. . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (349-359) &)

 

Letter No. 110, dated 22^nd June 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay in connection with dispatch of troops under command of Captain Robert for punishment and suppression of Khosa and other marauders. . (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (595-606) &)

 

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Muradali for making arrangement for dispatch of Sind forces for the purpose and return of Jagatsing and Poonjaji, Parkar chiefs, alleged to have been implicated with the Plunderers.

 

Letter dated 2^nd July 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding to him copy of a letter from Envoy of Persia on the subject of proposed alliance between a son of Meer Muradalikhan of Hyderabad and a daughter of the king of Persia and other matters connected with affairs of North West Frontier. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (606-612) &)

 

Letter No. 126, dated 10^th July 1832, from Government of Bombay intimating that a letter had been addressed to Honorable Court for execution of articles required by Meer Muradali; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (393) &)

 

Letter No. 154 dated 23^rd July 1832, from Government of Bombay approving of the suggestions made by Colonel Pottenger with regard to the assemblage of the army for routing out the tree-booters. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (413-414) &)

 

Letter dated 27^th July 1832, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger forwarding to him a copy of their letter to Government othe services of Colonel Pottenger and for reasons mentioned therein appointing him as Agent for affairs of Sind; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (425-432) &)

 

Letter No. 159, dated 31^st July 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Government of India had issued orders to Agent at Ajmere to open a communication with Rajah of Jodhpur for co-operation with British Government against Parkar plunderers and for adopting the measures preventing them from finding an asylum in his territories. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (437-439) &)

 

Letter No. 164, dated 3^rd September 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield, Commanding Sind Force-

 

(I)           Furnishing him with suggestion to be useful to him in the expedition against the Parkar free booters.

 

    (2)      Acquainting him with cause which led to the necessity for the expedition and for co-operation of certain Native powers with the British;

 

     (3)     Informing him that the strength of the enemy was estimated at 2000 fighting men and the Khosas, a tribe of Baluchees who composed the majority Rulers of Sind, and they refused every advance made to them by the Talpoors and formed themselves into a nucleous for the disaffected and turbulent of the circumjacent regions:

 

    (4)    That Means, which formed the most infamous body of Parkar robbers lived in wands. Or temporary villages along the Northern edge of Parkar. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (672-702) &)

Letter No. 162, dated 1^st August 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger (I) intimating him of appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield to the command of the expedition against Parkar and (2) Vesting him (Colonel Pottenger) with general of expedition and the measures consequent on its termination, (3) directing that Lieutenant William Pottenger should accompany the expedition in civil capacity and afford to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield advantage of his experience and knowledge of Sind Auxiliaries, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (445-449) &)

 

Letter No. 120, dated 5^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a map with a memoir on the Province of Sind prepared by Lieuenant Delhoste and Pottenger; (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (623-624) &)

 

Letter No. 123, dated 7^th August. 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Adjutant-General of the Army, Bombay, making suggestions for assemblage of forces to act against the plunderers. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (625-630) &)

 

     Letter No. 127 of 10^th August 1832 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India:-

(I)             Describing the limits of the territory in possession of Meer Muradali of Hyderabad and Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur;

(II)          Informing that the latter had agreed to his suggestion for levy of duties at one place and that Meer Muradali should be asked to make a similar arrangement in his own country so far the vessports were concerned and that system of farming may be continued with regard to local trade;

(III)         That the Bombay army would move across thriver to put down the plunderers of Parkar as soon as he heard from Colonel Lackete about the march of Jodhpur and Jussulmere forces;

(IV)         That Meer Muradali intimated that his army was awaiting orders from him. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (630-642) &)

 

Letter No. 128, dated 11^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay submitting account of the presents purchased on account of Sind Mission. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (643-645) &)

 

Letter No. 140, dated 13^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copies of letters received from Native Agent from Sind to the effect:-

 

(I)           That Meer Muradali desired that he would recover the losses incurred by the people from the Parkar chiefs and that he was prepared to hand them over to Colonel Pottenger on his assurance that they would be kept for two months and they would not be sent to any place from Bhooj:

 

(2)    That news had been received from Hakim of Shikarpur that Kirpalsing with four thousand men joined General Ventura at Dero Gazikhan and that Ameers of Hyderabad sent trustworthy spies to find out the object and direction of their intended movements;

 

(3)    That Meer Muradali and his sons sent presents to Sardar Dost Muhomed of Colonel though Nizamuldin Peerzada. The object of the Mission was to persuade the Sardar to make a demonstration against Sikh territories at any time Raja Ranjeetsing directed his attention towards Shikarpur.

 

(4)      That His Royal Highness Abass Mirza of Persia arrived at Meshed and Prince Kamran of Heart opened a friendly correspondence with him the object of placing himself under his protection. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (646-651) &)

 

Letter No. 157 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of letters received from:-

 

(I)           Meer Muradali and observing that reports had been received that Meers of Hyderabad and Khairpur had entered into agreement with Shah Shujaool Mulk, king of Cabool, to help him in recovering his part in event of his success agreed to the Ameers and to acknowledge independence of Sind and to give a final release for payment of tribute; that Meer Muradali had sent Munshi Khushiram to Khairpur to consult him on the subject and that His Highness Meer Rustomkhan consented to the plan on certain conditions.

 

(2)     That the boxes containing the treaties were received and he delivered those for Meer Muradali in public Durbar, and the other he forwarded to Khairpur.

 

(3)     That Meer Muradali said that he having consulted his sons Mohomed Bakarshah to Bhooj in charge of the Parkar chiefs;

 

(4)     That some Kassids came from Khairpur who reported that Meer Alimurad Khan had fled to Bujrika Goth where he had collected a strong garrison and Meer Rustomskhan had sent troops for taking the place. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (655-659) &)

 

Letter No. 127 of 19^th August 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India:-

 

(I)           Describing the limts of the territory in possession of Meer Muradali of Hyderabad and Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur;

 

     (2)     Informing that the latter had agreed to his suggestion for levy of duties at

              One place and that it would be desirable that Meer Muradali should be asked                   to make a similar arrangement in his own country and that system of farming may be continued with regard to local trade;

 

     (3)     That the Bombay army would move across the river to put down the plunderers of Parkar as soon as he heard from Colonel Lackete about the march of Jodhpur and Jessulmere forces;

   

     (4)     That Meer Muradali intimated that his army was awaiting orders from him. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (630-642) &)

 

Letter No. 241, dated 15^th September 1832, from Government of Bombay on the same subject and signifying the Governor’s concurrence with opinion expressed by Governor-General of his conduct in the Late Sind Mission, &c. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.300 Page No (561-562) &)

 

Letter No. 189, dated 24^th September 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from the Native Agent in Sind reporting:-

 

That there was a considerable chance of a civil war in Khairpur State between Alimurad and his two elder brothers;

 

(2)    That the cause of the war was refusal on the part of Meer Rustomkhan and Mubarak khan to restore Meer Alimurad some Purgunnahs which he had given to them; that Meer Muradali Khan of Hyderabad’s effort to reconcile the brothers proved ineffective. (Year 1832-33 Department Political …File No.301 Page No (708-709) &)

 

 

Letter, dated 5^th October 1832, from Meer Muradali of Hyderabad dispatching Parkar prisoners under charge of one Ghulam Hyder Mujranee and requesting that they might be sent back made and him after necessary enquiries had been made and their guilt disproved; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(719-722) &)

Letter, dated 6^th October 1832, from Agent to Governor-General, Rajputana to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Jodhpur and Jessulmere with British Government in capturing the Parkar robbers and to send their forces for the purpose; Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(611-616) &)

Letter, dated 8^th October 1832 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of his instructions to the officer appointed to the command of the force against Khosas and others of Parkar. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(623-624) &)

Letter No. 215, dared 10^th October 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Meer Muradali had sent some petty Blooch Sardars in place of Jagatsing and other Parkar Chiefs. He sent them back as he found them old hopeless men and of the lowest station in life. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(716-719) &)

Letter No. 242, dated 15^th October 1832, from Political Superintendent, Palanpore, to James William, Pol. Commr., Guzarat, forwarding a copy of letter addressed by Meer Mohomed Khan Abbas, Chief of Kalhora family to Lieutenant Presscot asking for assistance from British Government in securing Sind (their territory) from the Talpooes. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(643-644) &)

Letter No. 290, dated 16^th October 1832, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger approving of his proposal to appoint Lieutenant Delhoste to examine part of the country, left of river Indus. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(647) &)

Letter No. 237, dated 20^th October 1832, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Roberts, Commanding Poona Auxiliary Force, informing of his appointment as officer in charge Intelligence Department with Parkar Expeditionery Force; that he had informed Meer Muradali that Government had appointed him to be medium of communications between the Officer Commanding the Forces and Meers Sardars; that he had appointed a Munshi Syed Rahmatullah who with his acquaintance with knowledge of Sindhi and Gujarati will knowledge of Sindhi and Gujarati will prove efficient person; that as Head of the Intelligence Department he was required to perform certain duties as detailed in paragraphs 9-12 of his letter. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(737-746) &)

Letter No. 234, dated 19^th October 1832 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Litchfield, Officer in charge Expedition Force, against Parkar free-booters giving him further assistance for guidance. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 301(733-736) &)

Letter, dated 25^th October 1832, from Agent to Governor-General, Rajputana, to Colonel Pottenger informing that communications had been received from certain Chiefs who it appeared were greatly alarmed at the approach of British army expressing their willingness to relinquish their predatory calling if any arrangents could be made for their support, &c.

(2)      Making certain suggestions to this end. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 300(741-745) &)

Letter, dated 16^th December 1833, from Native agent at Hyderabad to Colonel Pottenger, Political Resident, Cutch, informing of death of Meer Muradali and stating that Meer Nur Mohomed Khan and Meer Mohomed-khan determined to send presents to Bombay Government, &c.; letter from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Nur Mohomed Khan condoling with him on the death of his father; letter dated March 1834 from Meer Nur Mohomedkhan of Hyderabad to Colonel Pottenger in reply to the above. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302Page No (1-7) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (9-12) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (53) &),

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand desiring him to inform the Ameers (Nur Mohomed, Sobdarkhan and Naseerkhan) of his appointment as Agent to Governor-General in Sind and of appointment of Captain Melwill as his Assistant in Sind and his head quarters being fixed at Hyderabad. As that gentleman did not accept the appointment on account of delicate health, he had intended to proceed to Sind requesting that arrangements be made to meet him at Badin. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (31-35) &),

Letter, dated 18^th August 1834, from Munshi Jethanand to Colonel Pottenger reporting that he had he had sent a letter and a hundi for Rs. 500 to Bahawalkhan, who expressed thanks to the Governor and said that the Colonel Pottenger should be assured that the friendship between him and British Government would continue from generation to generation; that a cassid had arrived from Cabool who gave an account of the unsuccessful attempt of Dost Mohomad to attack the fort of Candhar; that Ameers of Sind had received letters from the Chiefs of Candhar giving account of their victory and route of the King. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (43-51) &)

Letter dated 18^th August 1834, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger informing that there was some disagreement between Meer Nur Mohomedkhan and Meer Sobdarkhan on question of division of the State on the demise of late Meer Muradalikhan; that he had reminded Meer Nur Mohomedkhan to return the treaty where in it was provided that a Native of India would be placed in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302page No (43-51) &)

Letter No. I, dated 8^th January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Robert, Assistant Political Agent, Bhooj, directing him to be strictly neutral with regard to the application from Meer Mohomed for assistance of British troops in collecting the tribute from the district of That Parkar, &c; letters Nos. 2 and 3 of even dates from Colonel Pottenger forwarding to Government of India Bombay a copy of the above for information. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (1) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (2) &)Letter No. 4, dated 9^th January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that news had been received from Native Agent at Hyderabad that His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Kelat with two hundred retinue and so closely followed by Khoodadad Khan of Candhar that he was obliged to take refuge within the country of Khan of Kelat who acceded to the unfortunate monarch the protection and hospitality he sought for; that the Ameers of Sind hearing that information had taken steps to strengthen the garrison at Shikarpur; that it was clear it was clear that the king would not remain for a long time and he would not remain for a long time and he would proceed to Bombay via Sonmeanee, if the Ameers did not permits him a passage through their territory; in the other case he would pass through Sind to Bhooj and Bombay; requesting that he was anxious to know the terms on which the King was to be received and treated; letter No. 5 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to the above and asking for instruction on the above Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (3-4) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (5) &)

Letter No.6, dated 31^st January 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India stating that the Native Agent informed that His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Bhag in Cutch Gandava and that the son and the nephew of Meer Rustomkhan had arrived at Hyderabad for persuading Meer Nur Mohomedkhan not to allow the Emperor to enter Sind. Meer Nur Mohomed had promised that he would not allow the king to remain anywhere for more than a day and that he would not only grant him a free passage but would treat him with all respect and honour due to him; letter No. 7 of even date forwarding a copy of the above to Government of Bombay. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (6) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (7) &)

 

Letter No. 9, dated 11^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting as under:-

(I)           That His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had arrived at Larkana on his way to Hyderabad;

     (2)          That one Mr. Semon who was once in Sindhia’s service has returned from Peshawar and has entered the service of Meer Alimurad of Meerpur;

     (3)         That Syed Ismail shah and Said Zynooldin were appointed Governors of Larkana and Shikarpur. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (8-10) &)

Letter No. 10, dated 17^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of instruction prepared for guidance of Native Agent and desiring that Lieutenant Mackeson should always address the Ameers of Sind through Munshi Jethanand to avoid delays and subterfuges on the part to the Ameers; That he had moved the Government of Bombay to publish the Indus Toll Treaty in Bombay Government Gazette in English, Persian and Gujarati (vide letter No. 12. Of even date); letter No. 14, dated 18^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson forwarding him copies of the above with enclosures for instructions. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (10-11) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (21) &)

      Letter No. 17, dated 25^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of the letter from the Native Agent reporting as under:-

That Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk arrived at Hyderabad on 14^th February and on the following day all the Ameers with relation and children paid their respect to His Majesty who requested Meer Nur Mohomed to permit him to stay at Shikarpur till he could collect a force. Meer Nur Mohomed declined to accede to his request but he agreed to assist him when he returned with his army from Ludhiana. A treaty to that effect was entered into by His Majesty who in return gave Shikarpur as a free gift to the Ameers and abandoned all claim to tribute from the Sind Ameers. Meer Nur Mohomed and other Ameers gave presents, etc. to His Majesty; That Dost Mohomedkhan of Cabool had assumed the title of Ameer and had khutba read in his name and that he was collecting troops to drive Sikhs from Peshawar. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (23) &)

Letter No. 20, dated 26^th February 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copies of correspondence between him and Meer Nur Mohomed relating to suppression of Khosas under Paroo Jamadar and other predatory tribes on the border of Cutch and protest of Meer Nur Mohomed against attack of British Commander at balmere. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (26-27) &)

Letter No. 23, dated 15^th March 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from Native Agent, Hyderabad, reporting:-

(a)  Peeru Khoso’s son complained to Meer Nur Mohomed of the treatment received by his father from Officer Commanding the Forces at Blameer. Meer Nur Mohomed gave him a disappointing reply;

(b) That Rajah Ranjeetsing had sent one Chunilal as a Vakil to Cabool for transmitting any news from that quarter;

(c)  Mirza Mohomed Bakarshah who was deputed by Meer Nur Mohomed to establish a treaty with Meer Mehrabkhan of Kelat, returned;

(d) Salamatrai Munshi and Vakil of Rajah of Jessulmere arrived with some presents for Meer Nur Mohomed and Meer Naseerkhan. Year, 1832-33 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (32) &)

Letter, dated 18^th March 1835, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger informing that Bharra and other Khosas appeared before Meer Nur Mohomed and the latter reprimanded them for their conduct and ordered them to leave Thar and reside in Sind; That reports had been received that Dost Mohomed Khan had determined to give battle to the Sikhs and that he was collecting men and money for the purpose. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (38-40) &)

 

Letter, dated 29^th March 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of a letter from Native Agent to the following effect:-

That the Ameer Nur Mohommed sent for Bhara Khosa and others of the same tribe and warned them to abstain from their predatory habits and recommended them to leave Thul and take up their abode within the precints of Sind; Khan had determined on giving battle to the Sikh army and every day people were flocking from Khorasan to Dost
Muhammad’s standard. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (38-40) &)

 

Letter, dated 9^th April 1835, from Native Agent to Colonel Pottenger reporting that Meer Nur- Mohomed was taking vigourous steps against the Khosas. Year, 1835, Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (41) &)

Letter No. 29. Dated 18^th April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that he had received a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad for permission to go to Bhooj as a bearer of certain secret and important messages from Sind Ameers.

Letter No. 34, dated 23^rd April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that object of the Ameers in sending the Native Agent with messages to Bhooj was to remonstrate against British Government’s intentions to build the fortress in Bahawal Khan’s country. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (52-53) &)

Letter No. 30, dated 27^th April 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Nur Mohommed Khan had given orders for half treasures being brought from various places. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (42-43) &)

Letter No. 34, dated 25^th May 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay acknowledging receipt of a copy of their letter to Mohomed Rahim Shirazi relating to opening the trade by the Indus and informing was in end of February, March and April as the southerly winds blew regularly then; letter No. 31 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Government of India for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (56-57) &)

Letter No. 40, dated 13^th June 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that the Ameers of Hyderabad refused to restore to Rai of Cutch a vessel which had stranded near one of the months of river Indus and that he had made a further reference to the Meer on the subject and should he still refuse to comply with the request, he should be forced to restore the property and should be forced to restore the property and abandon the barbarous custom of confiscating the stranded vessels and requesting that the survey of the months of river Indus should be set about early; Letter No. 47, dated 14^th June 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that Meer Nur Mohomed had in consequence of remonstrance restored the vessel and the property; That His Highness had forced the Khosas to move to the Eastern Frontier and that he had given a civil and encouraging reply to a Persian merchant who had gone to make enquiries respecting the trade by Indus. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (58-59) &)Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (67-68) &)

Letter No. 50, dated 26^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson, British Agent for Navigation of the Indus, pointing out the disadvantages of applying to Sind Government on each occasion of the boats for special order as a beaten road for travelers. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (69-72) &)

Letter No. 51, dated 26^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of the above for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (72) &)

Letter No. 54, dated 27^th August 1835 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay asking for permission to set the Ranna of Parkar (a state prisoner at Bhooj at liberty on condition that he would either live in Cutch or Sind; Informing that in anticipation of Government orders he had acceded to the request of Meer Nur Mohomed and released eight of the relations and followers of Rana Jagatsing of Parkar placed in confinement by the Sind Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (73-75) &)

Letter No.58, dated 30^th August 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that the Ameer had consented to restore the boat and other property seized by the Sind officers; That the practice of condemning stranded vessels might be considered to have been finally abandoned; asking for instructions before he brought the question of a survey of the Indus to Meer Nur Mohomed ; Forwarding copy of the above for making remarks on the question of the survey of river Indus. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (79-81) &)

Letter No. 63, dated 10^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting substance of two letters from Meer Nur Mohomed and from the Native Agent. In the one the Meer asked for permission to be granted to Native Agent to proceed to Bhooj with certain confidential messages and asking for a medical officer to be sent to Hyderabad; In the other the Native Agent reporting that Meer Nur Mohomed promised that no molestation would be offered to the merchants trading by Indus; That the Ameers were in great tribulation about Ranjeetsing attacking Shikarpur; Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (94-97) &)

Letter No. 67, dated 19^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India relating to Mission sent under Diwan Lakhmichand by Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur; letter No. 70, dated 3^rd October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Meer Rustom’s Vakeel who arrived at Bhooj, some days ago, paid him visits and brought presents from his master for Government of India and for him; expressed feelings of friendship and devotion to British Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (99) &)

Letter dated 25^th September 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Sir Charles Metcalfe Governor-General of India for promotion. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (100-104) &)

Letter No. 70, dated 2^nd October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the nature of the secret messages brought by the British Native Agent from Ameers of Sind and the reply he intended to give and intimating his intention of deputing Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad as the medium of certain communications which appeared to him to be urgently called for. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (106-111) &)

Letter No. 73, dated 10^th October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Mackeson, British Agent for the Navy of Indus, informing that the Ameers of Sind were aware of his appointment and the duties he was required to perform; That he was sending Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad, in connection with certain explanatory messages to the Ameers and that the necessity for their directing their local officers to attend to his requisitions had formed a part of Lieutenant Burn’s instruction. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (114-115) &)

Letter No. 77, dated 12^th October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting (I) some secret communications made by the Vakeel from Khairpur relating to determination of Meer Rustomkhan’s position with respect to Hyderabad Government, (2) requesting instructions. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (117-119) &)

Letter No. 78, dated 15^th October 1835, and from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns furnishing him with detailed instructions as to how he should move with Ameers while on deputation at Hyderabad; letters Nos. 79 and 80 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Government of India and Government of Bombay for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (120-130) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (130-131) &)

Letter No. 81, dated 31^st October 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns informing him of the deputation of Dr. Heddle to Sind for negotatiating with the Ameers in connection with the survey of river Indus and desiring him to confine himself to what he contemplated in his letter of 22^nd October; letter No. 82 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India intimating that the deputation of Dr. Heddle by Government of Bombay without his consultation had put him and Lieutenant Burns in a difficult position; letter No. 84, dated 3^rd November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Dr. Heddle informing him of the appointment on deputation of Lieutenant Burns to Hyderabad, stating that he had strictly prohibited Lieutenant Burns from interfering with the objects to proceed with his business without reference to his presence; letters Nos. 85 and 86 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay and Government of India forwarding a copy of the above for information. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (131-132) &) Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (132-135) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (136-137) &) Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (137) &)

Letter No. 88, dated 10^th November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India intimating that Nihalsing with a considerable force had arrived at Multan and he halted there for orders to advance; that Dost Mohommed Khan of Colonel had proposed to Ameers of Sind to join with him in the great struggle against the consternation and were making active arrangement to oppose the Sheikhs. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (138-139) &)

Letter No. 92, dated 20^th November 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Wade, Political Agent, Ludhiana, regarding detention on Indus of boats coming from Ludhiana and the grounds for calling on the Ameers to pay demurrage. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (140-142) &)

Letter Nos. 98 and 99 of 4^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns expressing his approbation of his proceedings with Ameers of Sind and directing him to remain at Hyderabad if Meer Nur Mohommed proposed him to do so. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (146-147) &)

Letter No. 106, dated 18^th December 1835 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay explaining in detail the motives which had induced him to direct Lieutenant Burns to take no share in Dr. Heddle’s negotiations with the Ameers of Sind for the survey of Indus; letter No. 107, dated 18^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of the above for information. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (152-161) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (161-162) &)

Letter No. 108, dated 22nd December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of their letter on the subject of Lieutenant Burns deputation and offering some further explanation of the motives which induced him to take that step without previous reference and expressing his hope that the result of the deputation would appear satisfactory to Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (162-165) &)

 

Letter No. 109, dated 23^rd December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above and informing that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had consented to a survey and examination of the river Indus and requesting that necessary order be issued for commencing the work. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (166) &)

Letter No. 116, dated 25^th December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding copy of Lieutenant Burns’ dispatch containing overtures from Ameers of Sind for establishing intimate connection with the Province including the residence of British Agent in Sind and recommending that proposals be accepted. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (170-175) &)

Letter No. 108, dated 32^nd December 1835, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of their letter on the subject of Lieutenant Burns’ deputation and offering some further explanation step without previous reference and expressing his hope that the result of the deputation would appear satisfactory to Government. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (162-165) &)

 

Letter No. 5, dated 22^nd January 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting a copy of a letter received from Government of Bombay commenting on his measures regarding Dr. Heddle’s mission to Sind and trusting that his conduct would be viewed by Governor-General with due allowance for the delicate situation in which he was placed. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (190-191) &)

Letter No. 9, dated 28^th January 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India transmitting a copy of a letter from Dr. Heddle complaining of the incivility he experienced in Sind and offering some palliative circumstances in the Ameers demeanour. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (193-211) &)

Letter No. 11, dated 5^th February 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he had Jearnt that Assistant Surgeon Hathorn Had been recalled from Sind under orders of Government of Bombay and offering his opinion as to the light in which Meer Noor Mohomed Khan might view this measure. Year, 1835… Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (213-216) &)

Letter No. 13, dated 10^th February 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Burns regarding a flat-bottomed boat that was to be sent from Bombay to the Commander of East India Company’s Sloop “War Amherst” to deliver in charge of Petamber, the Bunder Master at Mandvi, the above boat; letter No. 17, dated 8^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Carless asking him to return to Mandvi as the season had far advanced and it was not possible to proceed with the survey work and informing that he had asked Lieutenant Wood of Indian Navy to remain on the Indus and watch the progress of the Indus; Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (217-218) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (219-220) &) Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (220-221) &)

Letter, dared 5^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur informing that friendship and good will of British Government towards Khairpur will remain forever. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (221-223) &)

Letter, dated 5^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand informing him that merchants going from Bombay had been disturbed on the way while passing through Indus and that he had written to Meer Noor Mohomed to issue orders to his men not to interfere with the boats. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303

Letter No. 22, dated 11^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding for information a copy of his letter to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan discussing the terms of a new treaty he made with him. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (225-228) &)

Letter No. 18, dated 18^th March 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Wood forwarding a copy of the above and intimating that he had informed Meer Noor Mohomed of the above arrangements and that he had requested the Meer to afford him every facility in carrying out his duties. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (221-223) &)

Letter No. 20 of March 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting copies of instructions issued to officers of India Navy employed in surveying and examining the Indus and stating his opinion with regard to the river being examined annually. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (224) &)

Letter No. 34, dated 15^th April 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding translation of a letter from Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and of a letter from his agents complaining of the incivility with which his highness’s emissaries had been treated at Bombay; letter No 39, dated 17^th May 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting receipt of a second letter from Mir Nur Muhammad Khan regarding the treatment meted out to his Vakeels at Bombay. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (251-253) &)

Letter No. 36, dated 21^st April 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding translation of a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad containing the observations made by Meer Noor Muhammad Khan on the reply sent to him regarding a European being permanently stationed in sind. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (245-249) &)

Letter No. 41, dated 17^th May 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India informing that treaty made by Mirza Bakarshah (who was sent to Baluchistan) with Mehrabkhan of Kelat to make a simultaneous attack on the plunderers who infested the borders of both the States. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (254-255) &)

 

Letter No. 46, dated 11^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting translation of a letter from Native Agent, Hyderabad, containing the defence of His Highness as to his conduct towards Dr. Heddle and explaining his motives for having kept the above letter for long. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (259-265) &)

Letter No. 48, dated 15^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger of India forwarding a translation of the letters from Native Agent at Hyderabad reporting that he waited on Meer Noor Mohammad Khan in connection with the question relating to establishment of a British Agent in Sind; communicating further news. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (266-267) &)

Letter No. 50, dated 15^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting the substance of the letters received from Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur and asking for permission to send presents to him and his brother. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (269-271) &)

Letter Nos. 55 and 56 of 21^st June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay and Government of India forwarding-

(I)           A copy of the letter from Assistant Surgeon Hathorn for allowances during the period he was in Sind.

      (2)       Medical case of His Highness Meer Noor Mohomad Khan of Hyderabad. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (276) &)

Letter No. 57, dated 29^th June 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of a letter from the Honorable the Court Directors regarding mode to be adopted for trial of British subjects when delivered over to Native states and reporting that he had no occasion to hold any trial since the receipt of the Circular of October 1834. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (277-279) &)

Letter No. 59 of 1^st July 1836 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding Extracts of a letter from Native Agent at Hyderabad reporting on the following points:-

(I)           The alarm of the Ameers at the intimation received from Rajah Ranjeetsing of his intention of calling on them to restore Shikarpur town;

(2)        Further application for pecuniary aid from Dost Mohomad

(3)        Failur of Hyderabad Ameers in mediating between Meer Nusseerkhan of Hyderabad Meer Alimurad Khan of Mirpur with regard to some disputed land.

(4)       The quantity of opium passed through Sind and the bad faith of Ameers in their promises to the merchants; letter No. 60 of even date from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above with his comments on the opium question. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (281-83) &)

Letter No. 62, dated 12^th July 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting receipt of a kind letter from Meer Noor Mohomad Khan accompanied by five camel loads of mangoes and the purport of his reply he addressed to him. Year, 1835 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (286-287) &)

Letter No. 124, dated 10^th December 1836, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting as under:-

(I)           That on his arrival at Vikkur he was met by Governors of Tatta and Mugerbin, and servants of Meers Noor Mohomed and Meer mohomed, respectively At Tatta he was met by Mirza Bakar, Meer Noor Mohomed’s principal treasurer, Secretary and bosom friend,  who brought a message from his master desiring him to keep secret the fact of his visit to Sind on invitation by him (the Meer);

(2)        That on evening of 22^nd Mirza Bakar saw him and enquired whether he wanted to pay visit to the Meer and said that the Meer wanted to know the object of his Mission. He was replied that he had two communications to make (one regarding opening of the Indus and the other of a purely political nature) Mirza Bakar desired that there were still cogent reasons which rendered secrecy and precaution advisable for some time This conversation afforded him a perfect insight into domestic dissensions of the ruling family;

(4)      His visit to the Meer on 23^rd with Mirza Bakar and Baluch Khans who formed his escort;

(5)    That on the next day he paid another visit to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and when he met him in his room Meer Noor Mohomed Khan whispered him not to say anything in public as Mohomed Usif and Mohomed Khan Talpoor, servants of Meer Mohomed Khan, were sitting as spies;

(6)    That on the morning of 25^th he sent his commercial memorandum to Meer Noor Mohomed through his agents who expressed his agreement to all proposals contained therein. Mirza Bakar’s conversation with him on the politics and propects of Sind, the relations of all the Ameers with one another and the un-compromising attitude of Meer Sobdarkhan towards the British and his object of going out on hunting on the day of Colonel Pottenger’s arrival; 

(7)     On 28^th he devoted that day to receiving visits from one Mohammed Tahir, Agent of Agha Rahim Shirazee of Bombay, and from several well him on the trade of Sind. The latter complained that on account of the dread of Shikhs, Shikarpur which was once known for its flourishing trade with Khorasan had been Deserted and that the whole World anxiously looked to the British to interfere and thereby restore prosperity not only of Shikarpur but of all countries bordering on their dominions;

(8)      That in the afternoon he sent his secret memorandum to Meer Noor Mohomed through Syed Azamoodin.

(9)      Visit of Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and on his return he was accompanied by Mirza Bakar who consulted him on two points:-

(a)    That Meer Noor Mohomed had an intention to call out the whole army and proceed against Maharajah Ranjeetsing;

(b)    That it was possible Meer Sobdarkhan might refuse to allow commercial treaty to be carried into effect.

(10)   On the 1^st November Mirza Bakar brought the commercial treaty signed and sealed by the three Ameers;

(11)   That on 1^st December he had an interview from Syed Ali, Agent of Ali Mohomed Khan Shustry a merchant of Bombay, who desired Colonel Pottenger to recommend him to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan’s protection. This he accordingly did. In the evening Colonel Pottenger saw the ex-Rana of Parkar who resided at Hyderabad and received his stipends from the Native Agent. He expressed his thankfulness to Meer Noor Mohomed for his kind treatment;

(12)   That heoffered presents to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan which were appreciated by him;

(13)   That he learnt from Munshi Jethanand that Sobdar regretted his refusal to sign the treaty and that he wished to open communication with British Government through him. Colonel Potternger refused to see him without obtaining permission from Meer Noor Mohomed;

(14)   That he sent the commercial treaty in English and Persian duly sealed and signed to Meer Noor Mohomed He went to the Durbar where Meer Noor Mohomed told him that he would religiously abide by stipulations made in it;

(15)   That on the morning of 5^th he rode down and embarked on board the “Jhampti”. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 303 page No (279-333) &)

Private letters from Azamuddin Hassan to Colonel Pottenger informing that he had forwarded papers to him; one relating to the local trade of Vikkur and the other to the general system of revenue in Sind, character of the people, their mode of life; private letter, dated 15^th April 1837, from Azamuddin Hassan to Colonel Pottenger reporting that on 14^th Mirza Bakar Khan came from Meer Noor Mohomed to welcome him and presented him with a purse of Rs. 200 which he accepted. He entered into discussion on several points relating to treaty and had assurance from him that the Governor-General will not interfere into the private and family disputes of the Ameers. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (103-109) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (149-161) &)

Letter, dated 11^th May 1837, from Colonel Pottenger to Syed Azamuddin Hassan informing him that His Lordship made a direct and precise offer of mediating between the Governments of Sind and Lahore on the understanding that the Sind Government of a Resident in their territory; and asking him to return to Bhooj after taking leave from the Ameer. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (171-173) &)

Letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munsho Jethanand informing that it was understood that one Ali Muhammed Khan who was going from Hindoostan to the Court of Mohomed Shah of Persia and that Ameers of Sind had given “Ureezee” (petition) for him and that it was important that he should find out how far it was true. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (219-224) &)

Letter, dated 27^th February 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of the tenor of Communications made to Meur Sobdarkhan and concurring with Colonel Pottenger in his opinion that his visit to Sind should be dependent on the final appointment of a Resident in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (369-370) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd March 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Government of India were surprised and concerned to hear that Ameers of Sind had submitted themselves to the Court of Persia and desiring him to apprise the Ameere of the views of British Government the matter. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (377-378) &)

Letter, dated 11^th April 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger approving of his intention of going to Sind in company with the Resident in Sind when that officer was finally appointed after the formal ratification of the agreement tendered to the Ameers. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (385-386) &)

Letter, dated 20^th April 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger appointing him as Resident in Sind in addition to his duties as Resident at Cutch and appointing Caption Melwill as Assistant to the Resident in Sind and British Agent for navigation of the British ships on Indus; and desiring him to proceed to Hyderabad with Captain Melwill and to return to Cutch as soon as he had placed matters on a satisfactory footing; leaving Captain Melwill at Hyderabad to be the channel of all communications between him and the Ameers; letter, dated 20^th April 1838, from Government of India to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan informing him of appointments of Colonel Pottenger and Captain Melwill as Agents and Assistant Agent for Sind; informing that in deference to the wishes of junior Ameers he had signed separate agreements for Ameers Sobadarkhan, Meer Mohomedkhan and Nuseerkhan and that he would not separate treaties with them, should any occasion arise in the future. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (393-395) &)

     Letter, dated 22nd April 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand asking him to enquire from Meer Sher Mohomed Khan of Mirpur whether he liked to have a separate treaty signed by His Lordship. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (225-227) &)

Letter, dated 2^nd May 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed informing him that Dhoolaji brother of Jagatsing of Nagar Parkar had been seized and would be sent to Hyderabad if His Highness so desired. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (233-235) &)

Letter, dated 24^th May 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan sending him treaties of articles ratified by Governor-General; informing that he had been appointed as Resident in Sind and that as Captain Mellwill, his assistant, was on account of his delicate health unable to proceed to Hyderabad he had determined to come there as soon as arrangements were made for him; that Governor-General had sent some presents for would bring them when he next visited Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (243-246) &)

Letter, dated 2^nd June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Noor Mohomed Khan informing that some boats coming from Punjab had been stopped and plundered at a place called ‘Bakee Puttung’ by sepoys of Meer Ali Murad son of late Meer Sobdarkhan and requesting that as that act was a direct breach of treaty it was in the interests of both the Governments that measures should be taken without delay for the punishment of the culprits; that as the outrage was committed in the country of Meer Rustomkhan he was sending him a copy of the above letter for necessary action; letter from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand on the above subjects, directing him to call on Meer Nur Mohomed and request him to send trustworthy officers to investigate the matter and to punish the people of Alimurad at fault. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (255-258) &)

Letter, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Munshi Jethanand informing that he was surprised to hear that His Highness Meer Noor Muhomed Khan should have objected to his showing the letter to Meer Sobder Khan and that he had told him several times that the British Government wished to be on friendly terms with all the Ameers of Sind and it was his duty to cultivate friendship as much as possible. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (265-268) &)

Letter, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Meer Rustomkhan informing him that Government of India will not make any application to Maharajah Ranjeetsing for restoration of Muzaree district and Rojan until Moulvi Naseerdin was seized and his followers driven out of Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (269-271) &)

Letter No. 65, dated 5^th June 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting arrival of Dr. Gordon and of the Dewan in service of Maharajah Ranjeetsing from Bombay en route to Ludhiana; visit of Dewan to Colonel Pottenger and delivery of a letter with some presents to him from Maharajah; that Meer Sher Mohomed Khan of Mirpurkhas visited  Meer Noor Muohomed and a treaty composing the difference between the Ameers was drawn up and when it was sent to Meer Sobdarkhan he refused to affix his seal; that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had no fear of Persian Army taking heart and recommended them to send troops for his assistance; that he had written a letter to Meer Rustomkhan of Khairpur requesting him to take adequate steps for punishing Nasroodin; letter dated 12^th June 1838 from Government of India approving of the manner the Dewan was received by him and authorizing him to charge in his accounts the disbursements made by him to the Dewan, &c; letter No. 82, dated 13^th July 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he had received letters from Meer Sobdarkhan and Meer Sher Mohomed Khan acknowledging the ratified treaties and expressing the gratification at his appointment as Resident; giving an account of the alleged Persian Prince who had arrived at Hyderabad.

Letter, dated 3^rd August 1838, from Government of India approving of the tenor of his letter to the address of Meer Rustomkhan desiring him to write to the Meer to put the frantic Nasroodin in confinement and to hold him responsible for further mischief committed by him. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (407-408) &)

Letter No. 85, dated 13^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India submitting translation of a petition by Meer Noor Mohomed to Shah of Persia, &c. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (461-446) &)

Letter No. 89, dated 14^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting substance of a letter from Native Agent of Hyderabad and explaining the natu e of fued alluded to therein between the Talpoors and Lagharees. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (465-469) &)

Letter, dated 18^th August 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger desiring him to approach the Meer of Khairpur to allow British Government to occupy Bukkur to enable them to keep open the passage of the river for troops proceeding to Candhar and to maintain their communications. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (429-430) &)

Letter No. 143, dated 20^th August 1838, from Government of Bombay requesting Colonel Pottenger to keep them informed of the progress of his negotiations with Ameers of Sind; best mode of transmitting troops to Sind should such a contingency arose; what extent of transport would be obtained either at mouth of Indus or at Tatta? Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (423-425) &)

Letter, dated 23^rd August 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger requesting him to take measures for purchase of grain crops at Larkana from the Ameers of Sind and other dealers at that place; Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (435-436) &)

Letter No 94, dated 25^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his intention of resuming his journey in a few days to Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (475-478) &)

Letter No. 100, dated 27^th August 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India acknowledging receipt of instructions of 26^th July 1838, and assigning reasons for calling on Government of Bombay to prepare a force for eventual service in Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (493-496) &)

Letter No. 102, dated; 6^th September 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk had sent a letter to the Ameers of Sind for help and the Ameers had sent a reply to him. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (505-509) &)

Letter, dated 6^th September 1838, from Government of India to Captain Burns appointing him in charge of Mission at Cabool, giving him further instructions for his guidance. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (511-515) &)

Letter, dated 8^th September 1838, from Government of India acknowledging receipt of Colonel Pottenger’s letters of 25^th and 27^th August and informing that in view of “deep duplicity displayed by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan, his unjustifiable conduct in other respects, and owing to feelings of unwarrantable eneimity and jealousy with which he appeared to be regarded by some of the Chiefs, it was essential that a British force of 5000 men should advance without delay for occupation of Shikarpur or any other place deemed Indus; informing that Captain Burns had been deputed to visit Khairpur and if necessary to enter into a new treaty with the Meer guaranteeing his independence and assuring him protection of British Government against all external enemies. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (499-503) &)

Letter, dated 14^th September 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing him that he would reach Bukkur by end of the month and requesting that before he proceeded to Khairpur he might be informed of the decision arrived at by him regarding affairs of Sind; from Colonel Pottenger in reply informing him that arrangements had been made by his agents for purchase of corn, &c., as directed by Governor-General; letter No. 116, dated 8^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns furnishing information on the points referred to in his letter; informing him how he was insulted when he returned from the Durbar of Meer Noor Mohomed and in the circumstances it was hopeless on his part to succeed to get the fort of Bukkur on loan; letter dated October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger reporting his arrival at Bukkur.

Letter dated 16^th September 1838 from Government of India acknowledging receipt of copies of communications from Meer Noor Mohomed to the Shah of Persia relating to his allegiance to him and informing him that the duplicity on the part of Meer Noor Mohomed in making professions of submission to Persia and of close alliance with British Government had forfeited for him (Nur Mohomed) all confidence and friendly consideration on part of Governor-General; directing him to proclaim as soon as a force arrived from Bombay that if an act of hostility and bad faith had been committed towards British Government the share of the Government of Sind held by any party should be transferred to the most faithful members of the family and that as security for the future, a British subsidiary force should be maintained in Sind, and giving further instructions for future guidance. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (523-524) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (601-607) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (601-607) &)

Letter No. 108, dated 17^th September 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that Ameers had sent their reply to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk refusing to allow His Majesty a passage through Sind; that if British Government had to send troops to Sind the Indus would be the proper channel and if advisable a detachment might proceed to occupy Karachi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (527-529) &)

Letter, dated 29^th September 1838, from Government of Bombay to acting Assistant in charge of Residency at Bhooj asking him to report whether tonnage could be obtained at Port of Mandvi for conveyance of Regiment of Cavalry destined for service in Sind.

Letter, dated 29^th September 1838, from Government of Bombay to Superintendent of India Navy for assistance in transporting a force to Karachi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (565) &)

Letter No.283, dated 29^th September, 1838 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger asking him for information regarding the route by which he would recommend the force should march from Bombay and the probability of their being opposed; whether it would be expedient either by force or with consent of the Ameers to occupy the Fort of Karachi with a detachment of British troops; whether it would be expedient to make any demonstration on Hyderabad either from Cutch or Deesa; and assuring Colonel Pottenger that Government of Bombay would on all occasions be prepared to comply with his wishes and requisitions with utmost cordiality. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (575-578) &)

Letter No. 114, dated 3^rd October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to agent to Governor-General of India, Ajmeer and Deesa, informing Khan’s opening a correspondence with Rajah Mansing was to invite him to join a combination of the States westward of India against British Government and that he had detected Meer Noor Mohomed and others in a treacherous correspondence with Mohomed Shah of Persia and that he had reported to government of India of the arrival of a self led Persian Prince at Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (595-596) &)

Letter, dated 5^th October 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that from the papers received the suspicions felt by Governor-General of the unfriendly disposition of principal Ameers of Sind to British Government had been amply justified and if the Ameers showed a different disposition he should give immediate effect to the instructions with which he that a separate engagement be made with the Ameer at Khairpur on the basis of recognizing his in dependence provided he maintained the same friendly attitude towards the British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (519-521) &)

Letter No. 118, dated 9^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that on his visit to Mir Sobdarkhan he was insulted on the way by the people; that Meer Noor Mohomed sent a deputation under his son Meer Shahdad Khan to apologies for the insult offered to him and to assure him that Meer Noor Mohomed had taken adequate steps to punish the culprits; that question of money payment by the Ameers of Sind to Shuja-ul-Moolk was perplexing on account of the two releases written in Kurans and sealed and signed by His Majesty which the Ameers produced; discussing the policy to be perused discussing the policy to be pursued by British Government towards the Ameers; letter No.124, dated 13^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting some fresh instances of the unfriendly, suspicious and despicable conduct of Meer Noor Mahomed. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (617-621) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (623-625) &)

Letter No. 129, dated 16^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing him that Viccur would be the best point for disembarkation of the troops; that he did not imagine that Ameers had any fixed resulation of opposing the British Government and that their fears will deter them from proceeding to open hostilities; that there was no fort at Karachi except a small squre outwork of no strength which could be of use for the purpose stated; that he had learnt from his Agent at Karachi that he was able to secure 500 camels for the army, &c. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (627-631) &)

Letter No. 2, dated 16^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that in view of the feeling evinced at Hyderabad it was hopeless to do anything satisfactory to supply the army and thing satisfactory to supply the army and unless a charge is effected in the minds of the Ameers there was great probability of Colonel Pottenger’s quitting Sind. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (651-652) &)

Letter, dated 17^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger discussing the feasibility of moving the Khairpur Meers for occupying the Fort at Bukkur; reporting that proceedings of Khairpur Chief deserved rewards for the  reason that he not only refused to received that imposter Haji Husain Ali Khan, the self-styled Persian Prince, but openly expressed that he had nothing to do with enemies of British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (643-646) &)

Letter No. 132, dated 18^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting that he was making arrangements for provision of carriages and river boats for Bombay troops.

Letter No. 133 of 18^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay desiring that should any part of the Bombay Army be sent to Karachi, it should bring forage with it and be prepared to march to nearest point of the Indus; letter No.134 of the same date Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns informing him that he would sent him the purwanas as soon as he got them from Meer Noor Mahomed Khan. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (635-640) &)

Letter, dated 19^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that he arrived at Khairpur on the morning of 18^th and delivered to Meer Rustom Khan the letters from Governor-General and Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk; that he paid a visit to the Ameer and explained to him the object of Government in restoring Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk to his indignation at the treatment accorded to Colonel Pottenger and desired to send some one of his men to convey his sentiments to Meer Noor Mohomed; letter No.2, dated 21^st October 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting that a deputation from the Meer waited on him and they entered into a long to the share of the tribute which Meer Rustom Khan was called upon to pay to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (657-659) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (661-666) &)

Letter No. 339 of 20^th October 1838 from Government of India informing Colonel Pottenger that arrangements were being made to dispatch all the troops to Karachi by sea and that orders would be issued from Military Department for sending Lieutenant Treshire and Ramsay in “S.S Polinurus” for purpose of enquiry into resources of the country on the spot under his instructions. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (669-670) &)

Letter No. 138 of 22^nd October 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns informing that all the communications he had with Meer Noor Mohomed had not an hour passed without obtaining additional proofs of inimical feelings.

Letter No.141 of 23^rd October1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that should Meer Noor Mohomed order him to quit Sind he would proceed to Viccur or embark for Mandvi. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (673-675) &)

Letter No. 147, dated 25^th October 1838, rom Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to the date:

(I)           That information had been received from the Chief of Candhar that he had made arrangements for assistance from Russia through Shah of Persia and that he advised Meer Noor Mohomed to do the same. Meer Noor Mohomed sent a reply saying that all the Ameers were ready to follow his advice,

(2)        That Meer Noor Mohomed said to his brother Meer Mohomed that it was useless to rely on British Government and the best course was to send Colonel Pottenger away and declare allegiance to Persia. Meer Meer Mohomed refused to be a partner to such a measure. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (693-750) &)

Letter, dated 25^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing that a deputation under the Minister and Agent from all the Ameers of Khairpur waited on him and expressed the earnest desire on the part of their principals to enter into a separate treaty with them and adding that they wanted to place themselves under British protection and pronounced to do nothing without consent and advice of British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (743-747) &)

Letter No. 359 of 26^th October 1838 from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger informing him that the Bombay army was proceeding to Sind under the command of General Sir John Keane, Commander-in-Chief of Bombay.

Letter, dated 26^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a copy of a letter written by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur exhibiting his faithlessness and disposition towards the British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (707-709) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing that from the treatment openly show to the self-styled Prince at Hyderabad, the insulting letter written by the Ameers to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk afforded conclusive proof of their design to favour the enemies of British Government and that Governor-General had determined to establish a British subsidiary force there in lower Sind at the earliest possible moment; and directing that he should not enter into any negotiations with the Ameers until his authority was supported by the actual presence of the  British forces. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (729-737) &)

Letter No. 152, dated 29^th October 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns replying to his several letters and offering remarks for not confirming the treaty he had sent to him and stating the terms on which he was prepared to grant a new one to the Chiefs of Khairpur and expressing great doubts of their sincerity. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (771-777) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger forwarding him a copy of a letter of 29^th October 1838, from Government of India showing him the desirability of tendering to Meer Rustom Khan a treaty guaranteeing his to enter into negotiations with him on the terms similar to those which had been entered into by Nawab of Bahawalpur; informing that military and commercial position of Khairpur being of far greater importance than Bahawalpur, stipulations should be added for temporary occupation of Rohri and Bukkur and that the Meers should co-operate with other powers in extending or facilitating commerce or navigation of Indus. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (783-787) &)

Letter of 31^st October 1838 from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger pointing out the unfriendly attitude of Meer Mubarak Khan to British Government and his warning to him conveyed through the Minister; discussing whether Shikarpur formed part of Sind or was a separate district. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (789-792) &)

Letter No. 158 of 31^st October 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding for information a copy of his letter No. 157 of the same date to Captain Burns informing him of the unfriendly and impertinent remarks of one Lala Ladhanand, an Every of Meer Rustom Khan, who had come to see him at Hyderabad. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (793) &)

Letter No. 160 of 2^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns acknowledging receipt of his letter of 28^th October 1838, and intimating that it had made no change in his opinion as regards the insincerity on the part of Chiefs of Khairpur and suggesting his proceedings while on his Mision; letter No. 161 of 2^nd November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of the above, expressing his regret at having to dissent from that officer’s opinion and offering remarks as regards settlement in Sind.

Steam communication between Bombay and mouth of Indus and opening of a depot at Tatta-

Letter No, 472, dated 2^nd November 1838, from Government of Bombay to Resident in Sind relating to—

Letter No. 472, dated 2^nd November 1838, from Government of Bombay to Resident in Sind relating to – Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (203-206) &)

Letter, dated 6^th November 1838, from John Ramsay, Assistant Quarter Master-General, to Colonel Pottenger informing that Lieutent Trashier, Assistant Commanding-General, and he himself had, under orders, left for Ghorabari where they would wait for further instructions. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (853-854) &)

Letter, dated 11^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Colonel Pottenger informing that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan had written a letter to Meer Rustom Khan asking him to be guided by the Ameers of Hyderabad and that the English and that Khairpur Meers should drive them. The latter replied to him in the negative, and he assured him (Captain Burns) that he was firm in adhering to British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (863-864) &)

Letter, dated 12^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings at the Court of Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and the result of an important conference held with deputation sent to him by Meer Noor Mohomed Khan. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (867-882) &)

Letter, dated 14^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India reporting his action taken in connection with supply of grain and other necessaries for the army.

Letter dated 15^th November 1838, from Government of India to Captain Burns stating that measures taken by him for an alliance with the Meer of Khairpur are judicious and expedient and that the communitions addressed to him would show him the nature of the treaty whereby it was proposed that alliance should be concluded; that as regards Bukkur it would be required as a depot for treasure, &c.; that the Meer of Khairpur should not be called up to contribute any sum for maintenance of subsidiary force; letter, dated 17^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India forwarding them a copy of his letter of even date to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur relating to the treaty and the terms on which it would be entered into and applauding his professions of friendship and devotion to British Government. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (799-801) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (803-805) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (823-824) &)

Letter No. 190, dated 17 November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns forwarding him the Purwanas as required under the seals of Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and Naseer Khan; letter No. 191, dated 17^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Melwille acknowledging receipt of seven hoondis for Hyderabad for rupees thirty thousand; letter No. 192, dated 17^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Captain Burns giving him instructions relating to purchase of corn, &c., near Bukkur. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (889-893) &)

Letter No. 196 of 18^th November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to the Officer in charge of British troops informing him that he should consider himself in a friendly country and that he should at first land at Viccur until the whole force was assembled; letter No. 197 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant East wick giving him instructions to be followed on the occasion of his deputation to meet the troops coming from Bomaby. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (901-A) &) Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (903-905) &)

Letter of 19^th November 1838 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that Governor-General received with painful feeling the reports of the continued treachery and enmity of the principal Ameers of Sind and that his Lordship was not prepared to take measures against their machinations; that should Meer Noor Mohomed’s future conduct make amends for his past and should he evince a disposition to meet the just and necessary views of British Government the Governor-General would be unwilling to proceed to extremities; that should the negotiations not end in a ready submission to allow the just demands of British Government or in elevation of Meer Sobdar Khan to supremacy of Lower Sind, he was authorized to guarantee to each member of the family his separate possessions upon their agreeing to pay such quota of a fair and reasonable subsidy as might be deemed proper; that Governor- General refrained from recording his Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk was said to have executed. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (925-929) &)

Letter No. 204, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to the Agent to Messrs. Firth & Co., Bombay, advising him not to bring his goods into the interior of Sind and informing him that his attempt to proceed to Shikarpur would expose him to the risk of being insulted, if not plundered. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (174-175) &)

Letter No, 205, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Charles, Commanding the H’ble Count’s Surveying Brigade, requesting him to hand over the treasure consigned to him to Lieutenant East wick and desiring him not to leave the coast of Sind until the arrival of the troops as his intimate acquaintance with the locality of the whole of delta of Indus would be valuable to His Excellency; letter No. 221 of 26^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger forwarding copy of the above letter to Government of Bombay. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (175-178) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (195) &)

Letter, dated 22^nd November 1838, from Lieutenant Burns, submitting his report with regard to the other preparations made in Sind to receive the army. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (939-942) &)

Letter No. 209 of 23rd November 1838 from ColonelPottinger to Government of Bombay offering his opinion relating to subsidiary force to be established in Lower Sind and its composition and strength; letter No. 214 of 23ed November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to that and his observations regarding the strength of subsidiary force and the cession of a portion of the country to meet the cost on account of the subsidiary force; letter of 13^th December 1838 from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger informing him that His Lordship was not disposed to entertain any position having reference to territorial acquisitions in Sind as at all advisable, &c. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (955-957) &)

Letter, dated 26^th November 1838, from Captain Burns to Government of India recommending for several reasons mentioned therein (I) fixing of a subsidiary force, (2) that Meer Noor Mohomed Khan, if permitted to reign, should send his son to apologise for all his misdemeanor to Governor-General. Year, 1833-39 … Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (839-845) &)

Letter No. 223, dated 27^th November 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Major-General Wiltshire, Commanding British Troops in Sind, congratulating him on his arrival in Sind and offering his opinion on several points connected with the disembarkation of the force. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (965-966) &)

Letter No. 230 of 28^th November 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Mr. Pestanjee Framji, Agent to Messrs. Firth & Co., informing him that he considered it unsafe for him to proceed to the interior of the Province and that as he had no authority to grant by the river route (via Viccur) and then advance up the river as soon as the army moved. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (209-210) &)

Letter No. 233-A. of 28^th November 1838 from Caption Eastwick to Captain Melwille, Assistant Resident in Cutch, requesting him to supply him with one thousand camels or even more to enable the force to proceed into the interior as it was useless to depend on the Ameers of Sind for any assistance as they, in spite of their professions, were hostile to the advance of the British army and would be delighted to throw obstacles in their way. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (218-220) &)

Letter No. 239-A., of 1^st Desember 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Sir Alexander Burns relating to dispatch of treasure by the ships bringing the troops, &c.; letter No. 256 of 12^th December 1838 from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding copy of the above for information and making suggestions for sale of bullion at Hyderabad to get coin necessary to meet expenses incurred by the troops; that the greatest difficulty he found and the one in which he was unable to see his way out was want of money and in spite of having 25 lakhs of bullion he was unable raise one thousand rupees at Hyderabad or at Tatta, &c.; that he had instructed Lieutenant Leckie to remain at Hyderabad as long as he was not threatened or insulted by the rabble or he saw no cause to apprehend that he and other gentlemen of the Residency were in sort of personal danger, &c. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (228-231) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (260-264) &)

Letter No. 271, dated 1^st December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India forwarding a copy of his letter No. 267 of 20^th December 1838 to Government of Bombay calling for subsidiary force to Sind without delay and informing that he agreed with Colinel Burns in his opinion that the presence of His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk in Sind would be advantageous and that he trusted that His Majesty would march to Shikarpur without delay. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (318-323) &) Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (312-317) &)

Letter No. 241, dated 2^nd December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings up to 1^st December 1838, as under:-

That Meer Noor Mouhammed Khan expressed his willingness to pay his share and for other Meers of the tribute of Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk, but he was informed that he (Colonel Pottenger) had been prohibited by His Lordship from interfering into the affair; that on the morning of 27^th he received a letter from Lieutenant Eastwick regarding arrival of the troops at the mounth of Indus and and reporting that Ghulam Shah, who had been sent off by Meer Noor Mohomed a month ago, had not only collected grain but he refused to sell provisions on a large scale to the Army; that before the news of the arrival of the troops reached Hyderabad Meer Noor Mohomed khan called all the Baluchees to Hyderabad and brought all his guns from the bank of the river to an enclosure near Colonel Pottenger’s camp; that Meer Noor Mohomed informed the Native Agent that he meant to oppose the British army but if Colonel Pottenger gave him assurance of the safety of the country he would issue orders for their dispersal; that he was prepared to pay the tribute to Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk and if he was not able to raise the money he would put him (Colonel Pottenger) in possession of Larkana or Shikarpur till he was able to liquidate the loan. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (979-983) &)

Letter No. 242, dated 2^nd December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Burns informing him that he felt doubtful whether he would be able to get ‘Puewanas’ from the Ameers for purchase of corn for the troops. Year, 1838 … Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (241-242) &)

Letter, dated 3rd December 1838, from Captain Burns, Envoy at Kelat, to Colonel Pottenger relating to the supplies to be procured in Lower Sind for the Bombay Armay under the command of Sir John Keane; letter, dated 8^th April 1839, from Government of India to the senior officer in command of the troops at Shikarpur, directing him to co-operate with the Political Agent in all matters regarding advance, protection and comfort of the army; letter, dated 26^th August 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell, Political Agent, Shikarpur, forwarding to him for transmission to Meer Rustom Khan of Khairpur, a copy of the proclamation of His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk regarding his entry into Cabool; letter, dated 14^th October 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell forwaeding him copies of correspondence with Political Agent at Ludhiana on the subject of proposed proclamation by Sikh Government encouraging the general trade Government encouraging the general trade between Sind and the Punjab. Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (63-65) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (117-120) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (133) &) Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (153) &)

Letter No. 255, dated 12^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay informing that he concurred with Commander-in-Chief regarding proposed communication with the Indus by means of a steamer and advisability of the plan and that he would make proper arrangements to receive all stores, &c., for the force. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (257-258) &)

Letter No. 260, dated 15^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India reporting his proceedings as under:-

That he had an interview with Meer Noor Mohomed Khan and other Meers in the afternoon of 3^rd of December; that information had been received from Seth Naomal of Karachi, that he had collected eight hundred camels for the army but the owners of the animals could not proceed to Viccur without the express permission of the Government of Karachi; that he sent a message to Meer Noor Mohomed telling him that if the camels were not speedily produced he would suggest the Commander-in-Chief to take possession of Karachi; that he proceeded to Viccur and met Commander-in-Chief on 8^th when a messenger arrived with a letter from Meer Noor Mohomed stating that he had failed to keep his promise about the camels and that he had issued orders for dispatch of several thousand camels to Viccur, &c.; that all the Ameers had given orders for guns to be removed to Lakhat, a place near Sehwan, with a view to defend Hyderabad; that one ‘ Jam located near Karachi, sent a message through his brother offering his services to British Government and proposed to meet him (Colonel Pottenger) at night through Seth Naomal but his offer was declined. Year, 1837-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1015-1025) &)

Year, 1838-41… Department, Political … File No, 308 page No (63-65) &)

Letter No. 262, dated 18^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Pottenger Burns informing him that for reasons stated therein he would be unable to render him any help in collecting supplies and obtaining carriage for the army of the Indus, &c. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (299-302) &)

Letter No. 264, dated 19^th December 1838, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Colonel Burns informing him that disclosure of His Lordship’s plans regarding Lower Sindh will be ill-advised and premature and that it would enable the Ameer to Make preparations for best resistence in their power to the British Army, &c.; that Honorable Company’s steamer “Semeranis” would be dispatched on 28^th with cooli laborers’ together with treasure and sepoys. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 307 page No (306-310) &)

Letter No. 589, dated 23^rd December 1838, from Government of Bombay to Comisary-General and letter No. 2067, of 26^th December 1838 from the latter to the Government of Bombay in connection with entertainment of a body of coolies required by Political Resident for service in Sind. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 pages No (1089-1090) &) Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1095-1097) &)

Letter No. 633 26^th December 1838, from Government of Bombay to Colonel Pottenger enquiring whether it was necessary that whole of the force should arrive atonce at Karachi. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1061-1064) &)

Letter, dated 31^st December 1838, from Government of India to Colonel Pottenger relating to character of the measures taken by the Ameers towards the British Government ; warning to the Ameers that their proceedings during the expedition would regulate the future them and that His Lordship was unwilling to entertain any propositions of territorial acquisition. Year, 1838… Department, Political … File No, 287page No (90-95) &)

          Steam communication between Bombay and mouth of Indus and opening of a depot at Tatta.

Letter No. 559, dated 14^th February 1839, from Commisary-General to Government of Bombay, pointing out the difficulty experienced in proceeding carriage for advance of Sind army; letter No. 1125, dated 4^th March 1839, from Government of Bombay to Commisary-General, authorizing him to purchase camels for the army. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (265-266) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (266-267) &)

Letter, dated 18^th February 1839, from Government of India to Government of Bombay conveying the approbation of His Lordship of the prompt measure adopted by His Excellency the Naval Commander for reducing Karachi. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (307-308) &)

Letter, dated 28^th February 1839, from Lieutenant Eastwick, Assistant Resident in Sind, to His Excellency Sir John Keane, Commander-in-Chief of the army of the Indus reporting that the army under his command had been plundered and that the prices of commodities had been kept so high that the camp followers with their limited means were unable to purchase sufficient grain. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211page No (215-221) &)

Letter No. 366, dated 30^th March 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Officer Commanding Tatta in connection with the preservation of Shikargahs of the Ameers of Sind while passing the army through their territory. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (301-302) &)

Letter No. 2 of 3^rd April 1839, from T.D. Lecki, Assistant Resident, Sind, to Colonel Pottenger informing him that he passed on the communications to Meers Noor Mohomed, Naseer Khan, Meer Mohomed and Sobdar all the Ameers seemed dissatisfied with the amended treaty, but they were distinctly told that the orders of Governor-General were final and no alterations could possibly be made in it. It had however come to his notice that the Ameers, one and all, had no intention to accept the amended treaty. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1105-1109) &)

Letter No 3 dated 6^th April 1839, from T.D. Leckie, Assistant to Lieutenant Eastwick on the subject of “Dak” runners for transmission of post from Tatta to Hyderabad and to Bukkur. Year, 1833-39… Department, Political … File No, 302 page No (1110) &)

Letter No. 23, dated 24^th April 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Colonel Spiller, Commanding at Tatta, informing him that he would get permits from the Ameers for cutting timber required for hutting the troops and that he should send them on to him early. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (685-686) &)

Letter No. 40, dated 4^th May 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Colonel Pottenger reporting that the fleet had been detained at Sehwan under the orders of Ameers. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (581-584) &)

Letter No. 607, dated 10^th May 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding meteorological Register for July in reply to their letter on the subject of climate of Tatta and Karachi. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (625-630) &)

Letter, dated 23rd May 1839, from Government of India to Political Agent, Shikarpur, forwarding for information extracts from Mr. McNaughton’s letter, dated 26^th April 1839, conveying good news of triumphant occupation of Kandhar by His Majesty Shah Shuja-ul-Moolk. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (473-474) &)

Letter, dated 1^st July 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell expressing approval of the arrangements for conveyance of dak between Shikarpur and Dadur and informing that no arrangements had been made for ‘dak’ between Dadur and Quetta &c. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (419-420) &)

Letter, dated 1^st July 1839, from Government of India to Mr. Ross Bell approving his plan for enlistment, organization and employment of Baluch crops. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (423) &)

Letter, No. 532 dated 4^th July 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of Bombay forwarding a copy of a letter from Military Board on the question of wages and rates of hire prevailing in Sind. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (525-531) &)

Minute, dated 20^th August 1839, by Governor-General on the army of the Indus and political prospects and arrangements in Afghanistan. Year, 1839-41… Department, Political … File No, 203 page No (271-316) &)

Letter No. 635-A, dated 31^st August 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India regarding concentration of troops at Sukkur and informing that he agreed with Mr. Ross Bell in his suggestions made on the subject. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (611-612) &)

Letter No.591 of August 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Lieutenant Leckie, Assistant Resident at Hyderabad, regarding fuel depots on the Indus. Year, 1839…Miscellaneous..Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (647-652) &)

Letter, dated 3^rd September 1839, from Government of India to Sir H. MacNaughton, Envoy and Minister at Cabool, directing him to communicate to the officers of trust and responsibility the orders of Government prohibiting them from sending copies of correspondence to their friends in England relative to the duties on which they were employed. Year, 1839-41… Miscellaneous. Department, Political … File No, 203 page No (69-71) &)

Letter, dated 5^th October 1839, from Lieutenant Leckie to Lieutenant White Lock at Tatta, informing that he was unable to hire boats for conveying grain with the army as the boatmen refused to accept reduced pay. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (79-80) &)

Letter No. 707, dated 10^th October 1839, from Colonel Pottenger to Government of India expressing his views regarding the seaport of Karachi and mentioning facts illustrative of the difficulty of introducing policy of British Government in Sind and submitting for information of His Lordship an English version of a memo. To the address of the Ameers of Sind for subsidy to be paid by the Ameers towards the maintenance of the British Army in Sind. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (115-119) &)

Letter, dated 29^th October 1839, to Colonel Pottenger reporting theft of camels, from the Kafila under Surwarkhan Lohana; letter, dated 6^th November 1839, to Captain Eastwisk, Assistant Political Agent, Upper Sind, informing that he had brought the above to the notice of the Ameers of Hyderabad and the latter had directed Takkee Shah, Governor of Shikarpur, to investigate the matters and bring the parties at fault to book; letter, dated 7^th November 1839, to Colonel Pottenger informing that he brought the above facts to the notice of Mir Nur-Mohomed Khan who gave an enasive reply to him. Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (539-540) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (541) &) Year, 1839… Department, Political … File No, 211 page No (543) &)

Letter No. 351, dated 20^th February 1840, from Government of Bombay to Government of India for orders on the letter from Lieutenant-General Sir John Keane reporting the arrangement made by him for breaking of the part of the army of Indus under the command of Major-General Wiltshire and  distribution of the troops to remain in Upper Sind and Lower Sind; and requesting that as the junction of the two forces at that moment was premature both from a political and military point of view orders be issued for the command at Karachi to stand as it did, previous to the change ordered by His Excellency Lord Keane; letter, dated 2^nd March 1840, from Government of India sanctioning the arrangements reported by Lord Keane and approving of the staff appointed for Sind Brigade under command of Brigadier Stevenson, &c.

Proposal of Lord Keane for establishing a permanent Cantonment for European troops at Karachi (vide letter of 20^th February 1840) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (141-144) &)

Letter, dated 23rd March 1840, from Government of India to Government of Bombay informing that Governor-general agreed with the above proposal of Lord Keane and at the same time approved of the resolutions of Governor in Council that be held distinct, each by a Brigadier of second class, &c. Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (177-180) &)

Letter No. 346, dated 4^th March 1841, from Government of Bombay to Envoy and Minister at Cabool  informing that Governor in Council being apprised of the unsettled state of affairs at Heart and candhar had issued orders to Military Board directing them to send to Karachi the Ordinance and Military stores and to place them at the disposal of Political Agent, Lower Sind; letter No. 347 of even date forwarding copy of the above to Major Outram requesting him to receive charge of the above and supply them to the Envoy and Minister at Cabool when 1841, from Military Board to Government of Bombay reporting compliance of their order of 4^th March 1841; letter, dated 19^th April 1841 from Government of India to Government of Bombay informing that the advance season of the year had rendered it impracticable to convey heavy artillery through Bolan Pass and it was desirable that all siege Ordnance be stored at Sukkur till the arrival of proper season for transporting them; letter No. 480 of 19^th April 1841, from Government of India to Major Outram forwarding him copy of the above for information. Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (257-258) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (259-260) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (261-262) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (275-276) &) Year, 1839-46… Department, Political … File No, 224 page No (279) &)

Letter No. 166, dated 6^th April 1840, from Major Outram and Political Agent, Sind, to Government of India relating to issue of permits for goods passing free of transit duty into British Cantonments in Sind. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (227-230) &)

Letter, dated 11^th May 1840, from Major Outram, Political Agent, Lower Sind, to Government of India discussing the propriety of a toll- tax being levied by the Ameers on boats plying in the Indus, &c.; letter No 386, dated 22^nd June 1840, Government of India to Political Agent, Lower Sind, in reply furnishing instructions.

Letter, dated 25^th May 1840. From Government of India to Captain Outram approving of his arrangements made in connection with the establishment of packet boats between Karachi and Sukkur.

Letter, No. 562, dated 17^th August 1840, from Government of India to Political Agent, Sind, informing him that the precautions taken by him in his letter quoted above to prevent the Ameers from being defrauded of their just dues were highly necessary. Year, 1838-40… Department, Political … File No, 287 page No (239-241) &)

Letter No. 16, dated 4^th July 1842, from Captain Brown, Assistant Political Agent, Sind and Baluchistan, to Major Outram forwarding for transmission to Governor-General Copy of the plan of Bukkur together with a report thereon. Year, 1839-41… Department, Political Miscellaneous. … File No, 203 page No (79-87) &)

Letter No. 2072, dated 1^st August 1842, from Lieutenant Brown to Government of India reporting the death of Mr. Ross Bell; letter No. 2106, dated 3^rd August 1842, to Government of India informing that a will had been found among the effects of Mr. Ross Bell and that Lieutenant Brown had been selected one of the six executors of his will. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 Vol.I. Page No (87) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I.  Page No (91) &)

Letter No. 263, dated 2^nd March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charless Napier, Commanding Sind and Baluchistan, regarding re-enforcement of troops in Sind; letter No. 283, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier Commanding Sind, intimating that he had asked the Commander-in-Chief to send two regiments of infantry and one of artillery to Sukkur; letter No. 297, dated 8^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier informing that 9^th and 55^th regiments had been ordered to proceed to Sukkur from Ferozepur and that he had ordered for six steamers with flats for carriage of troops; letter No. 315, dated 13^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier expressing doubts of the ability of Bombay Government to send two regiments to Sind and intimating that Bombay Government had been requested to send coal, grapes, heavy guns, and mortars to Sind and asking him to call, if necessary on the Naval officers at Karachi to send guns with seamen to work there; letter No. 323, dated 15^th March 1843, from Commanding Sind, informing that as a Native Regiment could not be sent from Bombay, 3 of Infantry and 4 Rissaldars would be sent to Sukkur from Ferozepur and making other arrangements for the dispatch of the army. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (1-2) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (5) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (7-8) &) Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (11-12) &) Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 204 VoI.I. Page No (15-17) &)

Letter No. 284,, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier approving of his plan of battle and stating that he had asked the Military Secretary to prepare an order relative to the course to be pursued by Prize Agents. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (65) &)

Letter No. 285, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charless Napier relating to removal of obstructions to a portion of the waters of the Indus flower into sea near Lakhput. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (81-82) &)

Letter No. 286, dated 6^th March 1843, from Government-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to the retention of the territories on the Right Left Bank of the River Indus. Year, 1840-47… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (209-210) &)

Letter No. 281, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to the preparation of the map showing in different colures the territories belonging to several Ameers. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (213-214) &)

Letter from Lord Ellenbrought to Sir Charless Napier congratulating him on his victory gained in a well fought battle.

Letter No. 280, dated 6^th March 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for reasons stated therein to take upon himself the Government of the Province of Sind and to select such officers in whom he can confide. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (217) &)

Letter No. 292, dated 7^th March 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier furnishing him with instructions regarding disposal of booty captured by army in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (77-78) &)

Letter No. 301, dated 10^th March 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier relating to suppression of slave trade in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (243-44) &)

Letter No. 320, dated 14^th March 1843, forwarding a copy of the general orders, dated 13^th March 1843, presenting to the Sind Horse the standard they from the enemy in battle of Meanee and informing that standards of the three colors of Military Ribbon of India inscribed with words “Hyderabad, 1843” in Persian, English and Hindi languages would be prepared for Sind Horse. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (9-10) &)

Letter No. 325, dated 15^th March 1845, from Governor-General to His Excellency Sir Charles Napier giving him instructions to follow after the conquest. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (17-19) &)

Letter No. 343, dated 18^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding copies of his order, dated 15^th March 1843, expressing satisfaction on the services rendered in the battle of Meanee by several officers, non-commissioned officers and privates. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (217) &)

Letter No. 350, dated 20^th March 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier appointing Major-General Sampson, Second in Command to the Governor in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (153) &)

Letter No. 423, dated 12^th April 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier regarding arrangement for carriage of army and introduction of one uniform system for maintaining one commissariat for corps in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (85-87) &)

Letter No. 443, dated 17^th April 1843, from Lord Ellenbrough to His Excellency Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a general order declaring that no demand would be made declaring that no demand world be made by British Government of any arrears of revenue due to the Ameers but that all revenue from that date would be payable British officers. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (25) &)

Letter No. 456 of 18^th April 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for preparation of a sketch of the last battle, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (229) &)

Letter No. 645, dated 26^th April 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier giving instructions with regard to the accounts of receipts and desiring him to incorporate Sind accounts with those of Bengal from after 1^st May 1843. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (209-216) &)

Letter, dated 28^th April 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding disposal of bullion found in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (139) &)

Letter No. 544, dated 11^th May 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier requesting him for transmission to Bombay of captured guns at Cabool. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (267-269) &)

Letter No. 624, dated 27^th May 1843, from Government of Bombay to Sir Charles Napier in connection with appointments of Deputy Collectors in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (283-285) &)

Letter No. 621, dated 27^th May 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier giving instructions as to how the debts of the ex-Ameers should be paid by British Government. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (367-368) &)

Letter No 655, dated 4^th June 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier relating to the re-opening of ancient connection between the Indus and Nara so as to make the latter flow to the District of Omerkote. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (359-360) &)

Letter No. 670, dated 10^th June 1843, from Governor-General of India to Sir Charles Napier informing that he asked the Commissary General to procure camels for the use of the army in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (95-96) &)

Letter No. 234, dated 15^th July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier authorizing him to raise a camel corps necessary for establishing and securing tranquility in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (319-320) &)

Letter No. 239, dated 20^th July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier forwarding extract paragraph of a letter of 3ed June 1843, from the Secret Committee asking for supply of copies of certain documents relating to the abdication of Mir Rustom Khan, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (111) &)

Letter No. 260, dated 23ed July 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier conveying the Governor General’s views and sentiments in regard to the lands to which Mir Alimurad was entitled. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (77-83) &)

Letter No. 701, dated 25^th June 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier congratulating him or success of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert at Sehwan and on capture of Mir Sher Mohammed Khan’s brother. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (351) &)

Letter No. 267, dated 29^th July 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier selecting Captain Young as Judge Advocate for Sind.

Letter No. 296, dated 8^th August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a copy of the report from the Chemical Examiner on the specimen of Saltpeter manufactured in Lower Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (135-136) &)

Letter No. 298, dated August 1843, from Governor-General of India to Governor of Sind forwarding his sentiments on his letters of 13^th and 18^th July relating to the transactions with the Ameers and Chiefs of Sind before and subsequent to the battle of Meanee. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (85-86) &)

Letter No. 305, dated 13^th August 1843, from Lord Ellen borough to Sir Charles Napier relating to the appointment of Captain Baker and other officers in charge of survey operations in Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.II. Page No (33-34) &)

Letter No. 316, dated 16^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a copy of his letter No. 315 of even date to Governor-General’s Agent in Rajputana on subject of dispatch of a detachment or a portion of Jodhpur force to Omerkote. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (27) &)

Letter No. 334, dated 26^th August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier, Governor of Sind, forwarding for information and guidance copy of a dispatch from Honorable the Secret Committee relating to Prize property at Hyderabad. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (75) &)

Letter No. 574, dated 24^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier conveying his remarks on the difference of opinion between the Commander-in-Chief and Governor on Sind respecting the mode of investing the conduct of Lieutenant-Colonel Mosely and others. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (193-197) &)

Letter No.328, dated 25^th August 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding measures to be taken for prevention of smuggling of opium through Sind. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (171-172) &)

Letter No. 1224, dated 25^th  August 1843, from Government of India to Sir Charles Napier relative to suppression of all native mints in Sind as also to the prohibition of further coinage of Sind rupees. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I Page No (193-198) &)

Letter No. 355, dated 3^rd September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier regarding appointment of Captain Tait as Resident at Khairpur. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (111-112) &)

Letter No. 356, dated 3^rd September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier relating to adoption of Bombay Customs House Regulations at Karachi. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI. Page No (119) &)

Letter No. 359, dated 4^th September 1843, from Governor-General in Council to Sir Charles Napier informing him that one of the three guns captured after the battle of Meanee would be sent to England to be kept on the terrace at Windsor and the other two to be placed at the foot of the monument at Bombay and desiring him to send a fourth one which he would place in front of the Government House at Calcutta. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.I. Page No (379-380) &)

Letter No. 343, dated 9^th September 1843, from Government of India to Government of Bombay intimating that orders had been issued for the relief of the Bombay army by the Bengal army. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoI.Page No (51) &)

Letter No. 137, dated 16^th September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him copies of despatches from Political Commissioner, Gujrat, and others regarding surrender of Khosa Chiefs on the border of Cutch and Thar.

Letter No. 381, dated 18^th September 1843, from Governor-General to Sir Charles Napier forwarding him a list of the corps ordered to be sent relieve the Bombay troops, &c. Year, 1843-44… Department, Political … File No, 200 VoII. Page No (147) &)

 

POLITICAL SITUATION OF SINDH IN 1941-42

(AS REPORTED IN GOVERNMENT’S SECRET REPORTS)

The omission of any reference to the Indian question by Mr. Churchill during the recent debate in the Commons on the conduct of the War has been taken to indicate that there are no hopes of an early solution of the political impasse. The exclusion of India from the proposed enlarged war cabinet is resented and comparisons have been drawn between the political status of India and that of a small country like New Zealand. The Speechless of Congress leaders on the war have tended to deteriorate in tone. “Independence Day” was celebrated in Karachi on the 26^th January with considerable enthusiasm in the Congress circles. The celebrations began with a largely attended morning procession terminating at Congress House where Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A, President of the Karachi District Congress Committee, unfurled the Congress flag. The Forward Bloc had a separate flag hosting ceremony in the Khalikdina Hall in the evening and the celebrations where the independence pledge was read and speeches made by prominent Congress Workers explaining the Wardha decision and emphasizing the demand of the Congress to secure Indian independence.

The Members of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh continue to hold their parades in the premises of the N.H. Academy and Pribhdas Nava Vidayala at Hyderabad with a daily attendance of nearly one hundred and fifty. The question as to the attitude to be adopted in regard to this organization is still under consideration.

The release of Allama Mashriqi has been welcomed by Muslims in general and Khaksars in particular.

The Muslim League branch of Ghatner in Larkana District held a “Pakistan Conference” at Kambar in that district on the 17^th January. The main gate of the Conference was styled as the “Mahmud Ghaznavi Gate”. The conference was convened by Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, M.L.A., ex-Minister, and Mr. G.M. Sayed, M.L.A., ex-Minister was also present. About 500 persons attended including 25 Hindus. Two significant resolutions were passed – one demanding that the Pakistan provinces should form part of the British Common wealth, like Burma, and another approving and welcoming the action of His Excellency the Governor in “tightening the control” over the present Ministry. The fewer resolution was moved by Mr. G.M. Sayed, the latter by Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, who accused the Congress of dividing the Muslim M.L. As. In Sind.

Gauhati Students Day was observed in Karachi by the All Sind students Federation on January 14^th at protest against the alleged ‘lathi’ and bayonet charges on a peaceful procession of students in Assam. Speeches were made condemning the attitude of the authorities of the Gauhati College. Mr. Alim T. Gidwani of the forwar Bloc exhorted students to take part in politics and to make sacrifices for the freedom of the country. He stated that Indians could not defend themselves as they had been prevented from manufacturing motor cars and aeroplanes and from possessing fire-arms. He also advocated the use of the symbol ‘U’ for Hindu-Muslim unity in preference to “V” as “there could be no victory without unity”. The Congress is carrying on propaganda to population rise the ‘U’ symbol.

 [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

There was little Congress activity. The usual Flag Salutation Ceremonies were held in Karachi and Hyderabad. At a meeting of the Congress Committee at Hyderabad it was resolved to form a Volunteer Corps to help the citizens in the events of civil disorder and to work for inter-communal harmony.

The Sind Provincial Forward Bloc held a public meeting on the 30^th January with Mr. Alim T. Gidwani in the chairmen Resolution were passed protesting against the arrest of Mr. Sarat Chandra Bose and other Forward Bloc workers. Mr. Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A., interrupted the meeting demanding that the meeting should be held under the auspices of the Radical Democratic Party. Mr. Alim T, Gidwani left  the meeting but about 125 persons remained and after short speech by Mr. Khoso who said that those who opposed the war effort were enemies of India, a resolution was adopted assuring full support to the Government in their effort. Hashoo T. Kewal ramani, a student leader, who had undergone imprisonment under the Defense on India Rules for making objectionable speech has joined Mr. Khoso in advocating help to the war effort. Mr. Khoso has recently made a contribution to His Excellency’s War purposes Fund on behalf of the Communist workers of Karachi.

The Fidan-I-islam continue to sign the new pledge. An appeal was made recently at Hyderabad to the local Fidian-I-Islam to collect scarp and send it to the Scrap Collection Committee Hyderabad. The members of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangha continue to perform their usual parades in Hyderabad. The Sangha organized a special function in honor of the Hon’ble Rao Sahio Gokaldas Mewaldas Rochlani. Minister Local Self-Government, when three hundred members of the Sangha paraded and gave a salute to the Hon’ble Minister. No decision has, as yet, been come to on the question as to the action to be taken against this Sangha.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th March, 1942.]

The Sind Provincial congress Committee propose to recruit two thousand volunteers to implement the terms of the Wardha resolution. The volunteers are to be trained in drill and sent out to villages to carry the Congress constructive program among the masses. So far the response has been poor. Lakhmichand N. Kinger, who was previously convicted for the same offence, has made some very anti-British speeches in Karachi recently and the question of his prosecution is under consideration. The anniversary of Swami Dayanand was celebrated by the Arya Samajists at a public meeting on the 15^th February which was attended by about three hundred and fifty persons. At a public meeting of the Sind Provincial Hindu Sabha Working Committee at Hyderabad, resolution were passed condemning the Punjab Sales Act and urging the Government to recall forthwith Indian troops serving abroad for the defense of India. The Rashtrya Ghnayam Sewak Sangh, Hyderabad, continues to hold parades and carry out sword and ‘lathi’ exercises. At one of the parades, a speaker exhorted the people to prepare themselves for the protection of the Hindus. He added that as an organization the Sangh endorse the Congress policy of non-voilence. On the contrary, it considered the use of arms and violence necessary and legitimate for the protection and preservation of the Hindus. He added that the internal situation is very grave and that time was not far off when the Muslims will create civil disorders in India, endangering the life and property of the Hindus. Action against the Sangh is still under consideration. The Muslim League and the Khaksars remain inactive. Sir Abdullah Haroon, M.L.A. (Central) has appealed to the Muslim to celebrate the 23^rd March as Pakistan Day.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

There is little political activity to report. The Karachi District Congress Committee convened a public meeting on the 5^th instant at the Khalikdina Hall, which was presided over by Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A. Speakers demanded the unconditional release of all detenues and security prisoners. Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., made an anti-British speech in which he stated that Indians were being crushed under the heels of the British Government for the last 150 years, that the Prime Minister and the representatives of the British Government in India were no better than Nazis and that there was no difference between a German concentration camp and the Deoli camp. The Congress reactions to the Prime Minister’s announcement were on the whole favourable.

Sir Abdullah Haroon, M.L.A. (Central), President of the Sind Branch of the Muslim League, has sent a cable to the Prime Minister stating that the Hon’ble Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh had been installed as Premiere by the Hindu element of the Legislative Assembly and that he does not represents the Sind Muslims, repudiating on behalf of the Muslim the contents of the cable sent by the Hon’ble Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh and putting that the Sind Muslims were opposed to the proposals made by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. The Sind Provincial Muslim League has passed a resolution holding the Hindus of Sind Provincial Muslim League has passed a resolution holding the Hindus of Sind responsible for the existing state of discontent and disorder in the province and suggesting the passing of agrarian and economics legislation to improve the condition of the cultivating classes.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

Sir Stafford Cripps and his discussions with the Indian leaders are the main interest. Opinions, unfortunately, are colored very largely by communal considerations. The Hindus consider that the proposals will lead to the breaking up of the unity of India while the Muslims appear to be more satisfied, not so much because they consider the proposals as a fulfillment of their demands as because they do not seem to find favor with the Hindus. There is no organized public opinion in this provinces and further reactions to the Cabinet proposals will depend upon the decision of the Congress and the Muslim League. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March 1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

There is a feeling of frustration at the unsuccessful results of Sir Stafford Cripps mission and there is little appreciation of the difficulties inherent in the situation. As usual the British accused of lack of sincerity. The Congress celebrated “National Week” by holding meeting and by carrying on street propaganda. References were made to the Jallianwalla Bagh incident and dissatisfaction was expressed at the proposals brought by Sir Stafford Cripps. The Sind Provincial Forward Bloc held a public meeting on the 31^st March to rejoice at the contradiction of the news of the death of Mr. Subhas Chandra Bose. The meeting was attended by about 500 persons and the speeches delivered were strongly anti-British and the anti-war. The Sikhs held their annual Diwan in Karachi from the 4^th to 6^th April. Resolutions were passed requesting Government to grant separate representation to the Sikhs in the Sind Legislative Assembly, on het Karachi Municipal Corporation and in Government services, and to recognize Gumukhi as a medium of instruction for Sikh schools in Sind. At the request of the local Sabha, the military authorities had permitted fifteen Sikhs of the R.I.A.S. and I.A.O.C to attend the Diwan. One of the speakers remarked that the Germans had invented weapons for modern warfare by following the teachings of the Vedas and the Sikhs, who were born to rule, were now selling themselves for 15/- each while a pair of bullocks cost Rs. 300.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

The failure of the Cripps mission continued to provide a topic for discussion, but interest mainly centered itself on Mr. Rajagopalacharia. His statement caused a great sensation but while some sections of opinion praised him for his realism, the general feeling of the local Congress has been against him. It was generally expected that he would receive little support at Allahabad.

There have been the usual flag salutation ceremonies and the hackneyed Jallianwalla Bagh speeches, but little other congress activity. The Baluch League Working Committee has decided to raise volunteers and if necessary to co-operate with the Civic Defense Committee and the A.R.P. organization. Small public meetings were held by the Sind Forward Bloc and the speeches delivered were anti British and objectionable. A Sikh Diwan, attended by about 400 people, was held on the 13^thApril and speeches were made on “Jallianwalla Bagh” and also on the Cripps proposals. About 100 sikhs military sepoys who were in mufti were present.

The Honorable Khan Bahadur Allahbakhsh, Premier of Sind, has proceeded on a tour of the province to inaugurate and organize the National War Front movement. He has begun his campaign with speeches at Jacobabad and Sukkur which apparently have been well received. It is hoped to make the movement a real live one.

The sudden death of Haji Sri Abdoola Haroon, M.L.A. (Central) is regarded as a serious loss to the Muslim League in Sind.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

There has been little political activity. Dr. Gopichand Bhargaya, a Congress leader from the Punjab, made a tour of the province and addressed a number of meetings in which he stressed the constructive program of the Congress and the need of treating Hindustani as the lingua franca of the country. In some meetings he made anti-war and anti-British speeches.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

Congress members in Sind seem to be in a state of considerable confusion. Dr. Choithram the local President and Mr. R. K. Sidhva, the leader of the Congress party in the Assembly, have for a long time been bitter enemies, but at the moment feelings between them are more strained than ever. It appears that Dr. Choithram wishes congress M.L.As. to resign from the Assembly in accordance with Mahatama Gandhi’s advise while Mr. Sidhva and his followers are anxious to cling to their membership as long as possible. At present they are awaiting the promised visit Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, who it is known, does not agree with the Mahatma’s advice on the attitude Congressmen should adopt towards the Hurs, and they are hoping he will be able to settle their difference, particularly that regarding the question whether the Congress should continue to support the present Ministry. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

The Congress Committee, Sukkur, held a meeting to observe an Indian Mutiny Martyrs Day, the firs time such meeting has been held in Sind. It was attended by about 150 persons. Speeches were in the main anti-British and gave a highly colored version of the Mutiny.

Dr. Choithram P. Gidvani, Mr. GHanshyam Jetharand and Mr. Doulatram Jairamdas, three Congress M.L.A.s , have been vehemently condemning Government for its inability to deal with the Hurs but the main feeling among Congress men appears to be one of complete bewilderment owing to Mahatama Gandhi’s solution for the ending of the trouble. The advice tendered has proved far from popular although it is said that one prominent leader is willing to live among the Hurs and attempt to convert them to non-violence if he is given adequate protection. The utterances, however, of the persons referred to above gave rise to some speculations regarding possible changes in the Ministry, but the reply of His Excellency to the Bombay Sindhi Association, which has called upon him to assume responsibility for law and order in the province, characterizing the Association’s proposal as retrograde and stating that there had been throughout complete agreement between him and his Ministers, has set these speculations at rest. It is reported that the Forward Bloc contemplate opening a regular branch office in Karachi. Tickets with some resemblance to one rupee and ten rupee notes and bearing the photograph of Subhas Chandra Bose have been issued by Alim T. Gidwani. They appear to be receipts for contributions to the Forward Bloc Swaraj Fund.

The Working Committee of the Sind Provincial Muslim League met on the 16^th May to elect a President in place of the late Sir Abdullah Haroon. There were two candidates, Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro. M.L.A., and Mr. Yousuf Haroon, and a split seemed likely in the League ranks. The trouble was tided over by the postponement of the election and it was decided that Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro should carry on the affairs of the League meanwhile.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

The visit of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad has been postponed. Congressmen are discussing the proposed campaign of Mahatma Gandhi and intend to raise volunteers in Karachi if and when the campaign is inaugurated, although it is generally believed that in the event of a campaign being launched, Sind will be excluded in view of its internal troubles.
The Muslim League Civic Defense Delegation, consisting of Nawab Muhammad Ismail, Mr. Khaliq-uz-zaman and Kazi Muhammad Isa, arrived in Karachi on the 27^thJune and left on the 29^th June. They addressed a well-attended meetings at the Khalikdina Hall, in which the Congress leaders were attacked and the goal of Pakistan re-affirmed. It is understood that the delegation advised the Muslim League M.L.As to co-operate with the authorities in the measures of Civil Defense. The Working Committee of the Sind Provincial Muslim League passed a lengthy resolution on the promulgation of the Martial Law which is directed more against the Ministry than against Martial Law itself. The Committee was of the opinion that there was no justification whatsoever for the existence for Martial Law in Sind.

 [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June  1942, 4th July, 1942.]

Interest has been centered round the deliberations of the Congress Working Committee. There is now a growing feeling among Congressmen in Sind that they should be allowed to participate in any movement which may be launched by Mahatma Gandhi Maulana Abul Kalam Azad is expected to reach Karachi on the 18^thinstant and there is much speculation as to the attitude he will adopt on the question whether the Congress should continue to support the existing Ministry. The Muslim League is busy making propaganda in support of its candidate for the Central Assembly seat rendered vacant by the death of Sir Abdullah Haroon. Some of the League workers propose to go on a canvassing tour of six weeks, but it has been made clear that no political meetings will be allowed in the Martial Law area.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July  1942, 18^th July, 1942.]

The fortnight up to the time of the arrests was mainly spent in wondering what Government would do and, since the arrests, in complaining about the action taken. The arrests themselves cannot be said to have occasioned much excitement and protests against them have so far mainly taken the form of rowdy demonstrations in Karachi and Hyderabad by college students who have shown that their college authorities have no control whatsoever over them. In Hyderabad, the Chief Administration of Martial Law made short work of the students’ activities but in Karachi acts of hooliganism lasted for some days and included attempts to burn tram cars, the stoning of buses and attacks on such Government property as telephone booths and letter boxes. Most of the prominent Congress leaders have been arrested, some by request, and for the present normal conditions prevail. Attempts at getting shopkeepers to close their shops met with little success. The Muslim Community has rigidly refrained from taking part in any pro-Congress activity. There has been some slight Khaksars activity in the Thar Parkar District and a number of Khaksars gathered at Jamesabad to hear the new directions issued by Allama Mashriqi to his followers. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August  1942, 18^th August, 1942.] 

The fortnight began quietly and in the main Congress activity was confined to the dissemination of unauthorized bulletins and leaflets advocating ‘hartals’, general strikes, interference with all forms of transport, withdrawal of deposits from banks and Pos Offices and the like. There were some small meetings and processions but they were ignored in the hope that non-interference by the Police would result in the public losing interest. To some extent this policy was at first successful, a call for a general ‘hartal’ on the 19^th August evoking a poor response which caused no particular inconvenience to anyone except the shop-keepers themselves, but later the Hindu students of the local colleges, who have throughout behaved extremely badly, started rowdly processions again and made another attempts to set fire to a tramcar on the night of the 28^th August. They also stoned both English and American troops leaving a cinema on the same night, but fled on the appearance of a handful of Military Police. The colleges re-opened on the 24^th but the attendance therein has been low and confined mainly to Muslim students. It would seem that the state of discipline in the colleges throughout Sind calls for enquiry. The principals of the Karachi colleges were summoned and asked what they were doing and what they could do to maintain control over their students. It was obvious from their demeanor that they had no hope of exercising any control and it appeared doubtful whether they had any real desire to do so they considered they had completed their duty which they closed the colleges. In order to test the discipline of the University Officer Training Corps, the District Commanders called a parade one was unable to establish contact with one Kewalraman, the Commanding Officer, he was among the missing. Following considerable agitation from certain sections of the public, Government appointed a special officer to enquire into allegation of ill-treatment by the Police of students arrested and confined in police station in the city on the12th August. His report has not yet been received but the Superintendent of Police are District Magistrate Karachi, state that his appointment has had an extremely bad effects on the morale of the City Police Force. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

There have been sporadic attempt in Karachi to hold meeting and to take out processions and two minor effort at arson, one in which was a fire started at High School stairs but was extinguished by the Chowkidar and another was cigarette thrown through a ventilator of an office of a North western Railway Premises. No damage of any account was done in either cases. A student who said he had been enlisted into a Revolutionary gang of Karachi was found in possession of automatic pistol stolen from a Government officer at Sukkur but so far no other member of gang was discovered. The local colleges are open but attendance is low and consists mainly of Muslims students who incidentally are complaining that the Hindu Principle are not making proper arrangements for their lecture. A considerable number of Congress bulletins are in circulation and many of them contain very objectionable anti-British and anti war propaganda.
The situation however is one of uneasy calm and there is no doubt that Hindu population of Karachi including the prominent Hindu businessmen are largely in sympathy with congress movement. The Hindu justices of peace have resigned as a protest against policy adopted by the Government.

The special officer was appointed to enquire into the allegation of the ill treatment of students after arrest by Police has submitted his reports. After recurring the statements of various persons and officers concerned he came to the conclusion that there were no ground for further investigation into the conduct of the Police officers alleged to have concerned. His conclusion was accepted by the Government and Press Note was issued in which the Government took an opportunity to deplore the reckless making of allegations against the Karachi Police Force. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

The Civil Disobedience movement went its weary way In Karachi students continue to make a nuisance of themselves “prabhat pheries” attempt to create sympathy and small meetings are being held, An  order under section 144, Criminal procedure code, prohibiting meetings and procession is still in force but meetings which do not appear likely to create trouble are being ignored. The local colleges have now closed for the vacation s which should normally have begun the 17^th October,  but arrangement are being made to hold the various examinations. The spate of bulletins, some very voilents in tone, show no sign of diminution. There is little activeity outside Karachi although the railway telegraph and telephone line was cut near Jungshahi about 40 miles from Karachi on the night of 21^st.

There is however, on aspect of the movement which may call for action. Pressure is being exerted from Bombay. A deputation of interested person has arrived from that city- to endeavors  to prevent the owner of ginning factories from selling cotton, particularly to British owned firms. The Deputation is reported to be promising to compensate the factory owners from Congress Funds for any loss they may suffer. So far little success has attended their efforts but the situation is being carefully watched.

The Muslim community have kept completely aloof from the movement. The Statement of Shaikh Abdul Majid M.L.A ex minister, and Secretary of Sind Provincial Muslim League, criticizing “repression” and advocating release of Indian Leaders was condemned at a meeting of the working Committee of Sind Provincial Muslim League. Shaikh Abdul Majid Explained that the statement was an expression of his personal views and was not made by him as the General Secretary of the Sindh Provicial Muslim League. It was held that the statement was objectionable. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

There have been a number of incidents during the period under report. Crude country made bombs have been found, on one of the Chief Court, two in railway carriages, attempts were made to set fire to a record room and an office building in Karachi, there have been two cases of wire cutting and one case is tampering with the railway track in the town of Sukkur. Fortunately no damage worth mention resulted. The fuse of the bomb in the chief Court was nipped by a Peon, neither of the bombs in the railway carriages was ignited, while the person interfering with the railway track were caught in the act. In addition bomb factory was located In the house Karachi and the persons connected with it arrested. But in spite of these incident the impute us given to demonstration by the occasion afforded by the joining of the new Ministry by two former Hindu Ministers, both of whom were promptly picketed and subjected to annoyances in their houses, there is little life in the movement in Sind.
The Karachi Municipal Corporation has continued to make a spectacle of itself by adjourning its meeting on the slightest pretext but there is little hope that it will over do anything else. . [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

 

The Indian political still appear to be more interesting than war news. But events in Russia are receiving close attention and Mr. Wendell Wilkie’s statement that it is high time a second front was opened was widely commented upon. There seems to be a little apprehension or an attack on Indian itself.

There has been no serious trouble with the Congress movement anywhere in the Province but attempts were made to take advantage of ‘Gandhi Jayanti’ on the 2^ndOctober and also on the occasion of the 9^th October to whip up enthusiasm for the cause. A number of meetings were held and ‘prabhat pheries’ were taken out. In most cases these activities were ignored but on one or two occasions the police were stoned and a number of arrests were made. The majority of the persons arrested were released the same day but some were prosecuted and fined.

The order under section 144, criminal procedure cOde., issued by the District Magistrate, Karachi, has now been withdrawn and a number of the less important Congress workers arrested early on have been released.Stray incidents however, still continue to occut and will probably continue to do so for some time. The colleges and schools are mainly closed for the usual vacation but the situation particularly in regard to the colleges is by no means satisfactory and the examinations with the exceptions of those of the local engineering college, which were held in Poona, have not been held owing to picketing by students.

Outside the Karachi there has been a little activity except for the issue of unauthorized bulletins which goes in merrily both in the city and elsewhere. 
One curious incident is perhaps worth recording. Early in months four business men from Bombay appeared in Mirpurkhas with ostensible reason of preventing the local owners of the cotton ginning factories from making deliveries of cotton. After some parley, negotiation appeared to be breaking down but meanwhile the District Magistrate had served them with an order to quit and they left for Bombay, Before they left they, however, bought 25,000 bales themselves. Whether they were out to stop deliveries or to get cheap cotton for themselves is not yet clear, but anyway the amount purchased is not large enough to have any appreciable effect on the situation. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1942, 19^thOctober, 1942.]

Stray incidents connected with the civil disobedience movement persist but to all intents and purposes the movement in this province is dead and such incidents as have occurred of late are not worth reporting. Attendance in the Karachi Colleges has steadily improved and has now reached 80 percent.
Mr. Nihchaldas C. Vazirani an ex-Minister, is still trying to mobilize Hindu opinion against the two Hindu Ministers in the existing Ministry but the recent advice of Mr. Savakar to Sind Hindus to support the present Ministry will make it extremely difficult for him to make much headway. The Honorable Pir Illahi Bakhsh has joined the Muslim League which now claims twenty six M.L.As out of thirty five Muslim M.L.As in a house of sixty members. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

 

There is no marked change in the political situation. The present Congress movement persists although its manifestations have more of a nuisance value than anything else. Unauthorized bulletins and leaflets continue to appear but on a somewhat reduced scale and there have been a number of cases of incendiaries. Some 30 bales of loose cotton were set fire to by moans of phosphorus in a railway godown at Sukkur, a second class compartment in a a Railway parcels office at Mirpurkhas and a Railway Booking Office at Nawabshah were also damaged by fire, fortunately very slightly. Post boxes have also been interfered with and section in Karachi. Such scattered incidents are difficult to deal with but it is hoped that steady pressure will gradually bring them to an end.

The colleague in Karachi have re-opened and although there have been attempts to picket, the average attendance is now more than 50 percent.

Picketing at the houses of the two Hindu Ministers has now ceased.

Supporters of the Congress did not celebrate “Divali” and some markets were closed on the 5^th instant as a protest against the detention of the Congress leaders.

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of November 1942, 18^thNovember, 1942.]

As stated in my last report, the Congress movement is in reality dead but attempts are being made to keep the body from decent burial. Incidents such as the explosion of cracker bombs in two of the Karachi colleges a similar incident in Sukkur, causing no damage in any case, and the partial burning of the contents of two letters boxes in Karachi have occurred. Attempts at speeches, parbhat pheries, and the circulation of bulletins also persist but they seem more for forms sake than anything else. The colleges and schools on the whole are functioning well and there is evidence that a fair number of the students in jail wish to be released in order to continue their studies. The local Cotton, Grain, Cloth and Seeds markets remained closed on the 3^rd and 10^th of the month for political reasons and the Indian Merchants’ Association, the Cotton Association, the New Cloth Market and other similar bodies have resolved to close on the 9^th of each month in future. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of December 1942, 18^thDecember, 1942.]

 

There is little to report. Congress bulletins continue to be circulated through on a reduced scale, some containing poisonous anti-British propaganda based on Axis broadcasts. There was a salt making demonstration by some Karachi Congressites when an attempt was med to prepare salt from sea water. Such ‘parbha pherries’ and processions as have been attempted have been very poorly attended. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^thJanuary, 1943.]

WAR

Except in the large cities such as Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur, the people of this province appear to take very little interest in the day to day course of the war. War Publicity Committees have been formed in all the districts and are doing what they can to stimulate interest and to promote investment in Defense Loans, etc. The District Officers and the Special Officer for Rural Reconstruction, who tours throughout the Province, carry out propaganda and address meetings for the same purpose. Collections for war funds have exceeded Rs 75000 in districts of Larkana and Thar Parkar while the collections in other districts also show improvement. The further progress of collections will depend upon the out-turn of the cotton crop which is the chief money product of the Barrage area, and the prices thereof. There have been no anti-war activities during the fortnight under report except a few speeches delivered in the meetings of the Satyagraha Committees in which the usual view was expressed that India has no interest in this war and could not fight for the freedom of other countries, being itself in shackles Frequent practices and meetings of the Air Raid Precaution wardens are held in Karachi, and A.R.P. schemes are under preparation for sukkur, Rohri and Kotri The Civic Guard movement is making little progress save in the city of Karachi. Mr. David William Hardy Scott-Moncrieff was arrested on arrival from Habbaniyah by flying boat “”Clifton” at the instance of the Director, Intelligence Bureau, Dehli, and the case has been reported to the Government of India for orders.

[No. P.25 H(S)/40, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1940, 5th December 1940.]

 

There was no marked reaction to the war news during the fortnight.
[No. P.25 H(S)/40, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1940, 4th January 1941.]

There is a general feeling that the war is taking a course more favorable to the Allies, but it cannot be said that interest in the news is particularly marked. The news from North Africa has tended to act as a soporific.

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1941, 8th February 1941.]

 The Italian reverses in North Africa continue to excite much interest and there is a feeling that Italy is about finished. In fact there is a tendency to forget that the real danger is Germany.

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the first half of February 1941, 18th February 1941.]

The action taken in Syria has been welcomed while outbreak of war between Germany and Russia has been received by a general expression of relief, the reason for which it is not easy to understand. It is clear that the public as a whole do not appreciate the possible implications of the attack on Russia, but this is perhaps not to be wondered at. The immediate reaction appears to be spread of an impression that India has been freed from any immediate danger and this is unfortunate in so far as it intensifies the general feeling that India is still far from the war area and that active assistance to the war effort is therefore less urgent. The protestation against the inadequacy of the provincial preparations for air attacks and other defense measures have in great measures ceased. The A.R.P. preparation in Karachi have recently been inspected by the Government of India A.R.P. Officer and have been declared to be much below requirements and in part faulty in organization. As the province so far has received no expert advice in the matter, this is not altogether surprising. 

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th July 1941.]

Very Considerable interest is being displayed in connection with the struggle which taking place in Russia and increased attention is being paid to the radio news from Berlin, the reception of which however is not very good. The local Socialists and Communities are now taking the line that the attack on Russia makes it necessary for them to support the war. Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., the local labor leader, who claims Soviet Russia as his ‘Spiritual home’, convened a meeting which was attended by about two hundred persons, mostly laborers. The meeting passed resolutions condemning the German invasion of Russia, appealing to the Congress to direct its energies to assist Soviet Russia, requesting Government to releases and remove restrictions from all communist leader in order to enable them to work for the destruction of Hitlerism and asking Government to permit the sending of volunteers and money of Russia. Mr. N.A. Bechar and Mr. Abdul Kadir, President of the Sind Provincial Hari Committee, have issued instructions to “Haris” (cultivators) and laborers throughout the province to hold meetings and to condemn the invasion of Russia. Propaganda is also being carried on amongst the laborers, who have been asked to contribute one day’s wages for a war fund for soviet Russia and also to assist in recruitment for the war.
[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, the second half of July 1941 19th July, 1941.] 

The general attitude to the war remains much the same. There is still considerable interest in the progress of events in Russia, but it is recognized that the situation there is very grave. There is general condemnation of the part Japan is seeking to play. District Congress Committees have received instructions that all Congress members in the Municipalities, Local body concerned votes any money for the War Purposes Fund and a proposal put forward in the Karachi Municipal Corporation that the Corporation should contributes Rs. 5000 to the War Fund was declared out of order by the Mayor mostly through the influence of the Congress members who would have been called upon to resign if the resolution had been carried. The Municipal Corporation is prepared to call upon both the Government of India and the Government of Sind to undertake heavy expenditure to protect the people of Karachi from air raids, but it is no prepared to do much else.
The freezing of Japanese assets in America and England is taken to portend the declaration of war between Japan and these countries. This has led to the apprehension that these countries. This has led to the apprehension that there will be a serious shortage of cloth. Consequently there is a great rush on the local cloth shops in Karachi and Hyderabad with a natural rise in prices.  [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of July 1941, 5th August, 1941.]  

Interest in the war news has become somewhat more marked and there is much sympathy for Russia and much admiration for the way in which the German attack has so far been withstood. The drive in the Ukraine has, however, raised some apprehension and there is considerable speculation whether Russia will be able to preserve her front in that region and whether Germany will be in a position to threaten India through Iran. The approach of the Karachi War Fete and Sind War week which is proposed to be celebrated in the beginning of September has received interest in the districts and at a meeting of the District War Committee held at Nawabshah in order to give publicity to the weak, the District Magistrate addressed the audience on the general war situation with the result that considerable subscription were promised. In Mirpurkhas also Rs. 5000 were collected at a recent meeting of the District War Committee. The “V” Campaign has been taken up in right earnest in Karachi where the symbol is to be seen on telegraph poles, on the gates of houses and cars. Some prominent citizens in Karachi have embossed the letter on their note paper and letter stamped with “V” are seen everywhere. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 20^th August, 1941.]

The apprehension in regard to the course of the war in Russia, which I mentioned in my last report, is now more marked and there is a widespread belief that Russia is nearing collapse. Japan is being closely watched and there is considerable speculation as to her future policy. As for Iran, the recent Muslim League resolution does not seem to have had much effect on the Muslims in Sind. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th NovemPber, 1941.]

There is still some uneasiness regarding the position in Iran, but the main feeling is one of satisfaction that a settlement is likely to be reached. The struggle in Russia is being very closely followed and, although it is realized that the situation there is extremely serious, it is hoped that Russia will be able to hold out without the further loss of any great strategic centers until the winter when weather conditions may bring the German advance to a standstill.
The Sind War week and Karachi War Fete ended on September the 14^th and can only be described as a great success. In most districts well attended meetings were held at which speeches and addresses on war subjects were made and responses to appeals for funds were generously met, particularly in the Nawabshah District where some Rs. 60,000 were collected and in Jacobabad District which contributed approximately Rs. 40000. The fete in Karachi, which was opened by His Excellency the Governor on the 6^th September by a speech in which the people of Sind were exhorted to shed their complacency and to redouble their efforts to assist the war effort to do all in their power to bring war to a successful conclusion went with a very considerable swing. The fete included Naval, Military and Air Force displays and proved a great attraction, very large numbers of people attending throughout the week while on the closing day about 25000 persons paid for admission. No doubt many attended by reason of the attractions provided by the Amusement Park, etc, but nonetheless, the Army and Air Force exhibits received very great attention and the displays must have had excellent propaganda effect. A.R.P. demonstrations were given and the Civic Guards were very usefully employed throughout the week. The week will be followed by a number of sporting events, also staged in support of war funds, and it is hoped that the total gross receipts will be in the neighborhood of Rs. 2 ½ lakhs. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1941, 22nd September, 1941.]

The war continues to be the main topic of interest and the progress of events in Russia and Iran has been very keenly watched. The Hindu section of the population of the province appeared on the whole to welcome the timely action taken by the British and Russian forces in Iran and to consider that it was essential both for Britain and India to eradicate the Nazi influence in Iran. Muslims, on the other hand, showed some concern at the entry into Iran, but this feeling has given place to one of relief that the outbreak of serious and prolonged hostilities has been avoided.
The Karachi War Fete and Sind War Week, which commences on the 6^th instant, is promising well at it is hoped that in spite of petrol rationing, it will add a lakh to the War Funds. Meanwhile, the total of His Excellency’s War Purpose Fund stands at just over Rs. 3 lakhs. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1941, 6th September, 1941.]

Events in Crete and Iraq have awakened interest in the war and the position in Iraq particularly has led to much speculation and also some nervousness regarding the possible liability of Karachi to air raids. If this leads to further recruitment to the A.R.P. Services, good will result. A certain number of residents of Karachi, mostly from cutch and Gujrat, have left the city for their homes. A Defense Committees has been formed with the Mayor as Chairman. It has sent in scheme costing Rs. 12 lakhs for the protection of certain vital services in the city and for digging subsoil water wells for fire fighting. The scheme is under the consideration of Government.
The arrival of evacuees from Iraq also created interest. The first two batches have particularly all been disposed of evacuees of European extraction being sent to Satara in the Bombay Presidency while those of Indian extraction were quickly sent to their homes. The third batch, which consists of the Baghdadi wives and children of British Indian subjects working in Iraq, present a problem of considerable difficulty as they seem to have no connections in India. They are being accommodated in the Pilgrims Camp here for the present. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of May 1941, 14^th June, 1941.]

The news of the recapture of Benghazi, Derna, Bardia and Sollm by the enemy has caused some anxiety among the public and there is a feeling of nervousness abroad regarding events in the Balkans and in Greece. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1941, 21^st April, 1941.]

Events in Iraq have aroused great interest and the general feeling is that war has come much closer to India. This feeling however has not led to any tangible effort to help with the war by subscript to war funds on investments in defense loans. Etc. A number of European evacuees from Iraq have arrived in Karachi and such of them as have not been able to fend for themselves have been accommodated at the British Military Hospital pending disposal to camps elsewhere in India. About two hundred Indian evacuees mostly women and children also arrived on the 15^th night and have been housed temporarily in the Pilgrims’ Camp. They were nearly all deck passengers and come from different parts of India. Arrangements are being made to send them to their respective homes. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1941, 19^th May, 1941.]

The progress made by Japan since her entry into the war is being closely watched and it is realized that very dangerous position exists in the Pacific. There is, however, fear that Japan will not eventually be defeated. The achievements of Russian Armies have had a very heartening effect and although it is difficult to form a close estimate of the position in Russia, it is generally held that the German plans have gone far astray. In Libya the capture of Benghazi and Bardia have been acclaimed.

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of December 1941, 6th January, 1942.]

The continued successes of the Russian Armies with their great significance are at present completely overshadowed by events in the Far East and the course of the struggle with Japan is causing considerable perturbation; the threat to Burma and Singapore being regarded as of the utmost gravity. Attacks on India in the comparatively near future are thought to be by no means improbable. But with all this and in spite of the air raids on Rangoon and elsewhere in Burma, there is little enthusiasm for A.R.P and no increase In the number of volunteers for such work. The issue of a press note by Government recommending the carrying of identify discs by people in Karachi in order to facilitate the identification of possible causalities caused a certain amount of consternation. There has not, however, been any panic or sign voluntary evacuation from Karachi. Rommel’s latest flare up in Libya has caused disappointment as it had been hoped that he was more or less accounted for.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

 

The Japanese successes in the East Indies have occupied the public mind to the almost complete exclusion of the rest of the war. The fall of Singapore was looked upon as inevitable and as portending grave danger to India and Burma and doubts as to the outcome of the operations in Burma have been expressed. Disappointment continued to be shown with the news from Libya. Events in Russia, although recorded in the usual cabled news, have not received much comment. The escape of the three German warships from Brest has also been regarded as a severe blow. But though there is much questioning, there have been no signs of any panic nor of any incarnation for the general public to enlist for the various forms of A.R.P. work.

Every effort is being made to induce further recruitment to the A.R.P. services and a number of meeting have been held one of which was a meeting of the City journalist on the 10^th February at the A.R.P. School Karachi, in which an appeal was made by the secretary to Government, Civil Defense, to all editors to co-operate with the authorities in measures of Civil Defense and to do all they could to keep the morale of the people in case of an emergency. The Provincial Press Adviser took the opportunity of reminding the editors of Press Notice No. IX.

Mr. Holdsworth convened an informal meeting at Government House on the 13^th in which the Mayor of Karachi, some prominent businessmen and representatives of the banks were present. There was a discussion on the measures to stimulate interest in the Defense Bonds and Postal Cash Certificates. The question of appointing a non-official Provincial Loans Committee is under consideration.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th March, 1942.]

 

The fall of Singapore and the Japanese advance in Burma have had a very depressing effect throughout the Province, but more particularly perhaps in Karachi City. Many disturbing rumours were current some to the effect that Calcutta and Madras were being evacuated. Returned Sind work merchants from Singapore, etc., have been responsible for some of the worst of them. So far, however, there has been no great rush to leave Karachi and the District Magistrate reports that evacuation has not assumed very serious proportions. There has been some evacuation by boat to the Cutch area and by train but evacuation by train has not necessitated the putting on of extra trains or even extra coaches. But more people may leave when the annual school examinations terminate on the 6^thMarch. The President of the Karachi City Muslim League and the President of Karachi District Congress Committee have jointly considered measures for civil defense and at the special meeting of the District Congress Committee on the 19^th February a sub-committee was appointed to collaborate with other organizations in such measures. Little interest is expressed in the news from other theatres of the war.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

 

The News of the fall of Rangoon was received much more calmly that that of the loss of Singapore. This was partly because it was generally held that Singapore was a far stronger position to defend than Rangoon but was also due to the fact that the news was received at about the same time as the announcement of the Visit of Sir Stafford Cripps to India was made. This announcement was very favorably received in all quarters and to some extent diverted attention from the position in Burma.
There are many more rumors current about events in Malaya and Singapore and there is a feeling that Indians in the Far East received less consideration generally than did Europeans. So far however, in spite of the uneasiness prevailing evacuation from Karachi has not reached any serious proportions although it has necessitated some strengthening of the existing train service of the North-Western Railway.

“China Day” was observed all over the province on the 7^th March. There were meetings at all the district headquarters and in the town at which resolutions were passed praising the resistance offered by China against Japanese aggression and condemning the civil intentions of Japan towards India. Processions of school children were taken out with banners and flags were sold. Approximately Rs. 18000 have so far been collected towards the China Fund. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

Newspaper and other comment on the war has been so subordinated to that dealing with the presence and activities in India of Sir Stafford Cripps that it is somewhat difficult to gauge local reactions for the fortnight. But anxiety is still being expressed regarding the trend of operations in Burma and there is a fear, more or less general, of invasions. The progress of the war in Russia, Libya, etc. is receiving somewhat scanty attention.

Greater interest is being taken in A.R.P matters and a Civic Defense Committee has been formed in Karachi, including representatives of the Congress, the Muslim League and other organizations. The Managing Committee consists of fifteen members. Mr. M.H. Gazdar, M.L.A., Mayor of Karachi, is the Chairman. The Committee has not yet defined its functions or program, but it will be allowed to organize volunteers so long as there is no attempt to run a parallel A.R.P. Organization.

The Figures of Saving Bank withdrawals in Sind show that in the recent months the rush was largest in the fourth week of Feburary when the net Savings Bank withdrawals amounted to Rs. 2,09,237 as compared to the withdrawals of Rs. 6,528 in the corresponding week in the year 1941. There has been gradual decrease in withdrawals since then, the figures for the first, second and third weeks of March being Rs 1,26,032, Rs. 1,52,927 and Rs. 1,06,881 respectively in the first week of March, increased to Rs. 1,43,790 in the second week and dropped to Rs. 97,000 in the third week. Discharges in the corresponding weeks in 1941 were Rs. 45,407, Rs. 45,635 and Rs. 57,301 respectively. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March  1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

Local feeling is again somewhat difficult to sum up but although there is no sign of panic, there is no doubt that the general position in Burma and the apparent naval superiority of Japan in the Bay of Bengal as instanced by the attacks on Ceylon, Vizagaptam and Coconada and the losses suffered by our naval forces, have had a depressing affect and the fear of invasion looms large. But what expression there is mainly takes the form of regrets that the negotiations with Sir Stafford Cripps have failed to produce a settlement with Sir Stafford Cripps have failed produce a settlement which would have enabled India to put forward her maximum effort towards the prosecution of the war. Events elsewhere continue to excite comparatively little interest. Thirty-five thousand people left Karachi by rail during the period 1^st to 14^th April but without a detailed analysis of the figures of arrivals and departures, it is not possible to discuss the significance of this figure, there is most certainly no evidence of a general exodus from the city.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

There is no marked change in the general attitude towards the war. The position in Burma is recognized to be exceedingly grave, if not hopeless, and there is much speculation as to the next move of the Japanese. Even so, however, many seem to be content to wait upon the Congress decision and there is little positive feeling one way or the other. Movement from Karachi has slowed down somewhat during the fortnight, but there is no doubt that a real scare might arise at any time and would lead to large scale evacuation of the city, especially of the Hindu element. As for A.R.P., the publicity campaign which was launched to stimulate recruitment has led to more interest being shown and the number of Wardens has increased to 720 as against 539 at the end of March last. The services as a whole are, however, still far below minimum strength.

The Karachi Civic Defense Committee met again on the 11^th under the chairmanship of Mr. M.H. Gazdar, M.L.A. a local Muslim Leaguer. It decided to collect subscription to enable volunteers have so far had little or no results.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

During the past fortnight our local troubles the Hurs in particular, have monopolized local attention and the safety of life and property in the mofussil is apparently a more burning topic than the war. Consequently the struggle in Burma, events in the Pacific and what may be the opening of Hitler’s spring offensive in Russia have caused little comment. The prompt action in Madagascar has received general approval but there is no question that fear of internal disturbance in more evident than fear of any other untoward happening. The Hindus in the richer towns are extremely nervous especially about their money but they are not prepared to invest it towards the furtherance of the war.

There was a combined display of tanks, aero planes, and anti-aircraft guns at Clifton on the 14^th May 1942. It was witnessed by His Excellency the Governor and a large crowd of about thirty thousand people who seemed greatly impressed by the anti-aircraft firing and the bombing and machine gunning from the air of a dummy village. The aircraft employed included Flying Fortresses, Hurricanes, Mohawks, Lockheeds and Blenheims.

The Radical Democratic Party celebrated India Defence Week commencing on the 26^th April. Street Propaganda was carried out and five meetings were held. The speakers stressed the need for fighting Facism and Nazism, supported the scorched earth policy, demanded arms from Government for the protection of the public in times of danger and exhorted the audience to raise volunteer corps in their respective localities. Movement from the city of Karachi has slowed down still further.

The Honorable Premier has completed his preliminary tour of the province in connection with the National War Front. He addressed representative gatherings in all headquarter towns and proposes to make a more extended tour later. Progress so far is encouraging.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

 

The German drives in Russia and the resumption of the struggle in Libya have quickened interest in the war news and there is some expression of anxiety in respect of both these theatres of war. It is realized that the Russian Armies are facing a very critical situation and that the immediate result of the Libya battle is uncertain. China is thought also to be in considerable danger of being put out of the war. On the other hand it seems to be generally held that the threat to India from Japan has received and it is hoped that the result of the attack on Midway Island coupled with that of the Coral Island battle will be to postpone, if not preclude, any attempt at a sea-Berne invasion. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

News of the war still continues to play second fiddle in Sind accounts of the exploits of the Hurs. What comment there is, however, indicates that while Russia is generally recognized to be holding out very stoutly, China is in a very difficult position, cut off as she is from the Allies. Criticism of the withdrawal from Burma has on the whole been moderate and hopes are expressed that the lessons learnt in the campaign will be taken advantage of it attacks on India develop.

Interest in civil defense is on the increase and political parties are making some show of being anxious to co-operate with Government but it is very doubtful whether any solid assistance will result. Recruitment to the warden service is proceeding at a more satisfactory pace and the number of wardens has now risen to 1,134 the total aimed at being 1,300. The exodus from Karachi has very largely stopped partly owing to the feeling of insecurity in the mofussil. Two camps have been constructed for housing essential workers and their families. Refugee camps on the road from Karachi to Tatta (58 miles) are under construction. Fifty-one thousand running feet of slit trenches have been dug in forty different parts of Karachi for the use of the public caught on the streets away from their homes. Blast walls have been built in large numbers and twenty-eight public shelters are ready and sites for twenty more have been selected. Equipment for emergency casualty hospitals is being purchased.
The radical Democratic Party has opened a permenant office and has been holding street propaganda meeting at which speakers have been exhorting the public to help Government in their war efforts. The Larkana District Hari Committee held a public meeting in which Japanese methods and intentions were exposed and the audience exhorted to work for the defense of India.

A war week was celebrated in Nawabshah from 18^th to 25^th May. Meeting were held in different parts of Nawabshah district. The collections during the week amounted to nearly Rs. 45000. A contribution to His Governor’s War Fund place a break of war had reached Rs. 14, 47,300 on the 15^th May 1942.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

The fall of Tobruk and the withdrawal of the Allied forces in Libya have had a very depressing effect. Earlier reports had not prepared the public for the present reverses and they have aroused much misgiving. It had not been appreciated that General Rommel had been able to be reinforced to the extent he obviously must have been, both in men and material, and there is great disappointment at his success. The feeling of apprehension also extends to the struggle in Russia and taking thing all round the local view is that immediate prospect are gloomy. 
Nihas Pasha’s declaration regarding the neutrality of Egypt has not had a very good effect. It is pointed out that in spite of the attack on Egyptian territory Egypt has not entered the war and it is stated that she is playing the part which the Congress advocates for India.
The newly formed Sind Provincial Defense Committee which is composed of the Mayor of Karachi, two M.L.As. belonging to the Muslim League and a number of prominent citizens with the Secretary, Civil Defense Department as joint Secretary, held its first public meeting on the 30^th June las. The Honorable the Home Minister spoke and made and appeal for more volunteers for the A.R.P. services and the Civic Guards. From July onwards, part of the A.R.P. organization will be on a full time paid basis.
June 22^nd was observed as “Russia Day”. There were well attended meetings at various headquarters towns in the province at  which tributes were paid to the gallantry of the Russian and resolutions were passed emphasizing the unity of purpose which prevail among the Allied nations. At Karachi all the Labour and Students’ Union held a joint public meeting in which the speakers exhorted the audience to join the A.R.P and Civic Guards. At some places prayers were offered for the success of the Allies. The Assistant Provincial Organizer, National War Front, visited Hyderabad, Dadu and Larkana districts and convened propaganda meetings. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June  1942, 4th July, 1942.]

 

The holding up of General Rommel’s advance into Egypt has had a reassuring effect on the whole the war news is realized to be exceedingly grave and the progress of the German Armies in Russia is being anxiously scratched. There are, however, no signs of panic and to some extent local opinion is more concerned with the latest political developments and the alleged shortcomings of price control than with anything else.
The Provincial Civic Defense Committee have held three public meetings in Karachi during the fortnight at which appeals for more A.R.P volunteers and Civic Guards were made and now propose to hold propaganda meetings throughout the city. Intensive training in all branches of A.R.P. is being carried on, but more recruiters are still needed. A.R.P. building works, in common with other works in Karachi, have been held up owing to the shortage of cement and unfortunately the recent rains have caused much damage to slit trenches, etc. So far, over two hundered women have registered themselves for service in the  W.V.S. started by Lady Dow and being allotted various duties.

A publicity van has begun to function in Karachi on behald of the National War Front. The Van, which is fitted with radio and is accompanied by an announcer, does daily rounds in the mornings and evenings, stopping at important public places where the news is relayed and the announcer makes short speeches. The van has been attracting good crowds. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July 1942, 18^thJuly, 1942.]

The move threatened by the Congress, the widespread floods in Upper Sind and the short comings of price control have been the Chief topics of local discussion during the fortnight and come on the war has been somewhat perfunctory. Such comment as has been made has been mainly devoted to the progress made by the German Armies in Russia and to the serious threat this progress constitution. There are, however, no signs of panic in Karachi and people in the mofussil have at present other things to think about.

As for the Congress, the resolution of the Working Committee and the statements issued by the Congressmen express themselves as welcoming the decision to launch a movement for India’s freedom. So far no outward demonstrations have occurred except the holding a small meeting in Karachi on the 17^th July. The Muslims have exihibited no sympathy with the proposed movement. Non-Congress Hindus have generally supported the Congress demand but are not in favor of going so far as a nation-wide mass movement. Labor has not yet expressed any great interest one way or the other.There is some feeling that even if a movement is launched, Sind will again be excluded from it by reason of the fact that there are now only two districts completely outside the martial law area and also possibly by reason of the situation created by the floods.
These floods are extremely serious, probably the most serious which have ever occurred in Sind. Owing to the high level of the Indus, the ‘bunds’ breached and in spite of all efforts being made control the flood water, very extensive damage has been done. The main railway lines to Lahore and to Quetta were breached, many roads were cut, a large number of villages have been submerged it is estimated that 150,000 acres of cultivation have been lost. Fortunately, as far as it known, there has been no loss of life but there has been widespread damage to property. It has been possible to re-establish the main line to Lahore with effect from the night of the 31^st July-1^st August and communication with Quetta is still possible by the loop line from Larkana to Jacobabad. The latest reports, however, show that an improvement in the situation which had begun to show may not be maintained and a serious threat to the loop line appears to be developing. Energetic steps to control the flood are being taken. Ample funds have been placed at the disposal of the Collectors of Sukkur and Larkana and the Deputy Commisioner, Upper Sind Frontier District, the districts most affected, and everything possible to assists people who have been forced to evacuate their villages and homes is being done. A Flood Relief Fund will shortly be inaugurated. The political groups, the Congress, the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha, have formed relief committees and it is reported that in Sukkur the Collector has succeeded in perusaing the committees formed there to coalesce into one non-political committee. How long the arrangement will hold and how it will work remains to be seen. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of July 1942, 4^th August, 1942.]

Political events in India have almost completely deflected with political cogitation and the arrest of the Congress leaders than with the course of the war in Russia or elsewhere. Reuters telegrams are published but there is little comment of importance on them. As far as the war is concerned the average person in this province seems to be lulling himself to sleep.
A.R.P measures progress but slowly. Structural precaution works are badly held up for lack of cement inspite or there being two cement factories in the province, The Dalmia factory is however, working very inefficiently and to a very low output. Two combined depots have been completed and will be occupied almost at once as the necessary Deputy Superintendents have been selected and are under training. Recruitment of paid personnel for the Report and Control Centre is complete. Equipment is now being received in fairly large quantities, but the factories which need trailer pumps are still without them. The Area Adviser is expected to visit Sind during September next and it is hoped that the Fire Expert with the Government of India will be able to come  to Karachi at an early date.
Complaints regarding high prices and the alleged shortcomings of price control measures continue unabated, although the Press campaign has to some extent died down. Wheat is being sold below the controlled price but prices many foodstuffs, particularly vegetables, potatoes, etc., are extremely high.
Some boards of foodstuff have been detected. Where they have been of controlled commodities, they have been taken over at wholesale prices and sold in the Government shops. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August  1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

The general attitude towards the war continue to be one of almost complete apathy. The progress of the Congress movement has been deemed to be far more interesting. There has been much condemnation of Government’s policy towards Congress and while some disapproval of the acts of violence and sabotage has been expressed, it has been on the whole mere lip service. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August  1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

The third anniversary of the war was observed in the most district  in the Province by the holding of meetings under the auspices of the National War Front and the offering of prayers on the 6^th September, but there is very little real interest in the progress of the war. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

 

Indian political still appear to be more interesting than war news. But events in Russia are receiving close attention and Mr. Wendell Wilkie’s statement that it is high time a second front was opened was widely commented upon. There seems to be a little apprehension or an attack on Indian itself. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

The removal of Mr. Allahbakhsh from his office of premiere and speculation regarding the formation of a new Ministry have attracted more attention locally than news of the war. The heroic defense of Stalingrad and indeed the efforts of the Russian Army as a whole continue, however, to excite general admiration and this coupled with the somewhat apologetic strain of Hitler’s latest speech has led to a rise in Allied Stock. The remainder of the war news has not evoked much comment although some interest has been expressed in connection with events in the Solomon Islands.
Local leaders of the National War Front have held a number of well attended meetings in the Nawabshah and THar Parkar Districts and have also issued bulletins to counteract the mischievous propaganda contained in the unauthorized bulletins which are being circulated. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1942, 19^th October, 1942.]

Apart from an occasional comment on the defense of Stalingard, the obscurity of the position in the Solomon islands area and the new offensive in Egypt, one hears little discussion of the war and there is no doubt that the average person in Sind considers himself as very little concerned with it. There seems to be a general feeling that all will be well in the end but that no-one knows when that will be. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

The recent successes of the Eight Army and the landings in French North Africa have created much interest and hope is freely expressed that at last the tide is on the turn. With the Russians still holding out at Stalingrad, the German and Italian Armies in an extremely difficult position in North Africa and the Japanese being held in the Solomon Islands area, it is generally considered that Hitler must be beginning to realize the weight of the forces which will ultimately be brought against him.  The danger is that a too-optimistic feeling will assert itself but nonetheless the recent news has been a good and much needed tonic.
The Assistant Provincial Organizer toured Karachi, Dadu, Hyderabad, and Thar Parkar districts, where meetings were held which were addressed by Leaders and Sub-Leaders. Full use was made of the Publicity Van in Karachi district and of lantern slides, showing war subjects in order districts.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of November 1942, 18^thNovember, 1942.]

A very lively interest continues to be taken in the war news and the magnificent achievements of the Russian Armies and events in Northern Africa have evoked much speculates as to future developments. Warnings have appeared that too much in the way of good news cannot be expected but there is no doubt that further successes are being hoped for. Considerable sympathy has been expressed for the French in their present difficulties. The struggle in the Pacific has not caused much comment, possibly owing to the time-lag in the appearance  of news from that quarter. All round, feelings of confidence are beginning to reassert themselves.

Meetings were held under the auspices of the National War Front at the various places on November 22^nd in which the significance of Allied successes in North Africa were explained and prayers were offered for the ultimate victory of the Allies. The Assistant Organizer, National War Front, toured Sukkur, Larkana and Dadu districts in company with the Honorable Minister, Education Department, and organized meeting in support of the Front. The Hyderabad Publicity Van, which is fitted up with 35mm. film projector apparatus, showed a number of Film Advisory Board films and proved a great attraction.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

Recent events and the evidence of the continued pressure being exerted by the Allied Forces have created a strong feeling of confidence throughout the province and the view is now widely hold, although grudgingly in some quarters, that there is no question as to the ultimate outcome of the war. In fact, over confidence is now likely to be dangerous. But while this is so, domestic matters such as the scarcity and high prices of the ordinary necessities of life and the blatant profiteering going on are much more the concern of the ordinary individual than progress of the war. The man in street possibly because he does not give full credit for the many difficulties inherent in the problem of food and price control in a country such as India, is plainly of the opinion that the whole business of control has been made a complete mess of. He is being continually subjected to assurances that all is well but fact remains that he cannot get his supplies at what he considers to be a reasonable price.
The premiere the Honorable Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, has now assumed the leadership of the Front and has begun a tour in the Karachi District in order to give further stimulus to the movement. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of December 1942, 18^thDecember, 1942.]

The feeling of confidence in the outcome of the war, reffered to in my last report, is now stronger than ever owing to the remarkable successes achieved by the Russian Armies and the progress of the war generally. That the end of the struggle with the Axis powers is now in sight as a view very often expressed. Apart from some query whether the Japanese air-raids on Calcutta have been fully reported, the raids themselves have not evoked a great deal of comment and such as has been made has been in no way objectionable. People are still far more concerned with soaring prices and the difficulty experienced in securing the common necessities of life than in either the war or the political situation. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^th January, 1943.]

SINDHI IN 1941

 

 

January 1^st:The arrest of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Congress President, under the Defense of India Rules created a good deal of sensation all throughout the country. He was sentenced to 18 months’ simple imprisonment. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. The reaction was also failed in Sindh.

January 1^st:At a meeting of Sikh leaders at Lahore, it was decided to form a Khalsa League for the defense of India. One of its objects was to maintain the Sikh proportion to India’s armed strength. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. It was big news for Sikhs of SIndh they starting organizing themselves.

January 1^st:Sj. Subhas Chandra Bose disappeared from his house in Calcutta. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. He was a political ideal of so many sindhi Hindus and they took his appearance as a brave action.

January 1^st:Mr. V. D. Savarkar, President of the Hindu Mahasabha in an interview in Madras, regarding his impression of the Mahasabha session at Madras, and said: “Not only in the Punjab, Maharastra or Bihar but in the province of Madras  also the Hindus have awakened to the consciousness of their own power and the necessity of guarding their own interests. The Congress is now bound to be, day by day, more and more afraid of sacrificing Hindu interests”.[The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941] Sindhi Hindus were also associated with Hindu Mahasabha and opened its branch in Sindh also. Such type of statements were political guidance and guidelines for them.

 

January 1^st: Goverdan Asrani is born in a middle class Hindu Sindhi family, popularly known simply as Asrani. He was an Indian actor and director whose Bollywood career spanned five decades. He played in both Hindi and Gujarati films, and his roles include lead hero performances, character roles, comedic roles, as well as supporting parts. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

January 7^th: His Holiness Sirdar Syedua Tabar Saifuddin Saheb Bahadur, High Pontiff of the Dawoodi Bohra community, addressing the students of the Aujuman Industrial School in Madras observed : “The advancement of Islam depends on the strict observance of its fundamentals and therefore every young Muslims should adhere to them and do everything to put them into practice.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]In Karachi there were handsome number of Bohra community people.

 

January 9^th: “Alwahid”, daily of Karachi, supports Dr.Allama Daudpotos’s stand about changes brought for printing of Text Books. Some of Hindus were against such changes this controversy was started in last of 1939 when Dr. Daudpoto brought some changes for the correct punctuation of words. It was because of this controversy that Sindhi Adabi board was constituted on 14^th of August 1940. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

January 10^th:Mr. M. A. Jinnah President of All-India Muslim League, speaking at the annual meeting of the Moslem Educational Service League in Bombay, expressed the view that India would be able to lay down a “Monroe doctrine” for the country once the Hindus and Muslims made up their difference and were settled in their respective homelands. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

January 12^th: Mahatma Budhdev presides over Hindu Conference at Hyderabad. It is addressed by Gokaldas, Dharamdas Belaram; Giyani Tirah Singar; Diwan Choharsing; Duwarka Parsad; Gurdinomal; Rai Sahai,; Professor Tarachand; Narsinglal;Chetandev Verma and Ladharam. Political situation with special reference to Hindu segment of Sindh is discussed. [Gul Hayat Collection]

January 12^th:Acharya Kripalani General Secretary of the Indian National Congress issued a circular to all provincial Congress Committees in the course of which he said that the celebration of “Independence Day” on January 26 had a “special significance.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]This may kindly be kept in mind that Acharya Kripalani was Sindhi by Birth.

Mr. J.B Kripalani, analyzing the working of the Defense of India Rules in the various provinces, wrote among the other things, “The Government of India and the Provincial Governments in their Handling of the present satyagraha movement seem to have lost hold on reason and reality. There is some kind of imperial logic behind the rejection of Congress demand for a clarification of war aims and the refusal of a national Government. Such things have been done in the past by short-sighted imperialism , averse to parting with power. But what passes all comprehension is the way of dealing with the present movement.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

January 15^th: Dokri Muslim League demands the appointment of Dr. Daudpoto as Director of Public Instructions (D.P.I = Education) on permanent basis. The meeting also congratulates Mir Bandah Ali Khan on his joining Muslim League. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

January 16^th: Pending Mahatma Gandhi’s approval of the suggestion for wholesale withdrawal of Congressman from local bodies. Dr. Rajendra Prasad advised Congressmen in local bodies to withhold form either resigning their seats or taking part in the Satyagraha. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. The instructions of Gandhi were followed in letter and spirit by Sindh Congress.

 

January 18^th: The Working Committee of the Hindu Mahasabha held its first day’s sitting in the Hindu Mahasabha Bhawan in New Dehli, with Dr. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee, Working President of the Hindu Mahasabha in the Chair. It was resolved that leading members of the working Committee should undertake an extensive tour throughout India. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. This may kindly be noted that there were members from Sindh Hindus on the working Committee of the Hindu Mahasabha.

 

January 19^th : The Arya Samaj held a meeting in Karachi on the 19^th January when a resolution was passed protesting against the policy of the Punjab Government in making Urdu compulsory in the primary schools of the Punjab. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

January 19^th:In order to prepare the Sikhs for the defense of India by all possible means such maintaining and strengthening their special position in the armed forces- and to work for the early Indianization of all the defense forces, a Khalsa Defense of India League was formed at a meeting of Sikh leaders from all over the Punjab at Lahore. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]. Sikhs living in SIndh also started following such steps.

 

January 20^th: Dr. Choithram P. Gidvani, President of the Sind Provincial Congress Committee, in an interview at Karachi, said ; “Mahatma Gandhi is quite happy about the way in which the Satyagraha movement is going on in this country. He is satisfied with the results.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941].

 

January 21^st: The Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress organized a public meeting to observe Lenin Day. Mr. N. A. Bechar, M.L.A. , presided. Speeches were made praising inter alia, the Soviet Republic and characterizing the present war as between two capitalist powers. Photos of Lenin, Karl Marx and Stalin were taken out in procession.[Gul Hayat Collection]

January 21^st: The Daily “Alwahid” , in its editorial give comments on the SIndh Assembly Advisory Committee, its formation and performance. The same editorial is available in Gul Hayat Institute Library. [Gul Hayat Collection]

January 22^nd: Press Report on the subject of the ““Circular of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League” is published in Daily “Alwahid” Karachi. The photo stat copy of the Press Report is available at Gul Hayat. [Gul Hayat Collection]”.

January 22^nd: The meeting of the Dokri Sindh Muslim League is held in so many resolution are passed and it is demanded that government must not favor or pass joint electorate bill, because it will be not in the interest of Sind Muslims.[Gul Hayat Collection]

January 24^th : Press Report on the subject of the “Meeting of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League” is published in Daily “Alwahid” Karachi. The photo stat copy of the Press Report is available at Gul Hayat. [Gul Hayat Collection]

Januaray 24^th: India’s new Commander in-chief, General Sir Claude Auhinleck reached New Dehli to take over Command from General Sir Robert Cassels on January 26^th. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

January (Second Half): There is a general feeling that the war is taking a course more favorable to the Allies, but it cannot be said that interest in the news is particularly marked. The news from North Africa has tended to act as a soporific. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1941, 8th February 1941.]

January (Second Half): In his fortnightly secret report send to Viceroy of India, the Governor of Sind writes that “The Sind Raj Aryan Samelan convened an Anti-Pakistan Conference in Hyderabad which was attended by about 900 persons. Resolution were passed protesting against the Pakistan scheme and threatening that its enforcement would be resisted with all constitutional means, including that of “Defensive Violence”.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1941, 8th February 1941.]

 

January (Second Half):The Secret Sindh Officials reports say that “The attitude of the press continues to be friendly. Success of the British in Africa are not only given due prominence but are also commented upon in leading articles in all the prominent newspaper. The occupation of Sicily by the German troops is regarded as an exhibition of Mussolini’s utter dependence on Hitler as also of Hitler’s anxiety to have a naval base in the Mediterranean. The dismissal of Marshal Grazaiani is regarded as inevitable in view of the Italian  reverses in Africa although it is observed that Mussolini’s adventure in Egypt from the very beginning. Much sympathy is shown for Haile Seillasie although it is regarded that the overthrow of the Italian rule in Abyssiania would be a long and arduous task.
Satyagraha news continues to find place in all the important newspapers although it is not prominently displayed. Mr. Gandhi’s advice to the editors to be fearless and independent in presenting the Satyagraha news has appeared in all the newspapers. The local editors are eagerly awaiting the results of the Press Conference at Dehli.
The Provincial Press Adviser had no occasion to pull up any newspaper in Sind on account of the presentation of satyagraha news nor does editor seem to be in a mood to court arrest on this score. Paper with congress sympathy deplores the policy of Government in arresting satyagraha and emphasize the need of an early settlement”.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1941, 8th February 1941.]

 

January 26^th: The meeting of the council of the Sindh Muslim League is held at Shikarpur and very lengthy agenda is discussed with special reference Joint Electorate Bill besides, other important matters relating to the organization of the Party all the circulars issued by the Sindh Muslim League are available in the Library of the Gul Hayat Institute and also are published on our website www.Drpathan.com [Gul Hayat Collection].

January 27th : The strike started at the Cotton Spinning Factory of Messrs Doulatram Mohandas, Karachi, which lasted to 4th February. Eighty-eight laborers went on strike without giving prior notice, their main grievance being the introduction of a rotation system of work. There was no untoward incident and the laborers have resumed work un-conditionally.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

January 27^th: Press Report on the subject of the “Meeting of the Working Committee of the Sindh Muslim League” is published in Daily “Alwahid” Karachi. The photo stat copy of the Press Report is available at Gul Hayat. [Gul Hayat Collection]”.

January 27^th: Sj. Sabhas Chandra Bose was missing from his house in Elgin Road, Calcutta. It was also not known when exactly Sj. Bose left his house. A warrant of arrest was issued by the Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate, Calcutta. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

January 29^th : Action is taken against “Sind Observer” by Provincial Press Adviser for Sind on account of  Publishing the news regarding the manufacture of munitions to the workshops of the B. B. and C. I. Railway in Bombay. The news in question contravened the provisions of clause (a)of paragraph I of the Press Notice X of the Press Instructions of war. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 8^th February 1941.]

January 29^th : Action is taken against “Hindu” (Daily Sindhi of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser for Sind on account of  Publishing the news regarding the manufacture of munitions to the workshops of the B. B. and C. I. Railway in Bombay. The news in question contravened the provisions of clause (a)of paragraph I of the Press Notice X of the Press Instructions of war. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 8^th February 1941.]

January 30^th : Action is taken against “Daily Gazette” by Provincial Press Adviser for Sind on account of  publication of the news regarding the establishment of an aircraft factory at Bangalore as it contravened the provisions of clause (a)of paragraph I of the press Notice X of the Press Instructions for War. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 8^th February 1941.]

January 31^st  : Action is taken against “Sind Observer” by Provincial Press Adviser for Sind on account of  Publishing the news regarding the manufacture of munitions to the workshops of the B. B. and C. I. Railway in Bombay. The news in question contravened the provisions of clause (a)of paragraph I of the Press Notice X of the Press Instructions of war. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 8^th February 1941.]

January 31^st  : Action is taken against “Karachi Daily” by Provincial Press Adviser for Sind on account of  for publication of the news regarding the establishment of an aircraft factory at Bangalore as it contravened the provisions of clause (a)of paragraph I of the press Notice X of the Press Instructions for War. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 8^th February 1941.]

January 31st: Dr. Choithram P. Gidvani, President of the Sind Provincial Congress Committee, was arrested at Karachi on the 31st January for a speech delivered at Lahore. A boilable warrant was received from the Punjab Government, but the Doctor refused to offer bail and was consequently arrested. His arrest without any previous communication with the Government of Sind, the first news received in Karachi was from a Press report, has given the Congress a leg-up in this Province and a number of meetings congratulating Dr. Choithram were held before his departure for Lahore. [Gul Hayat Collection].

 

February 1^st: The Council of the All-India Muslim League commenced its session in New Dehli. The Council approved the three resolutions passed by the Working Committee relating to Mr. Amery’s “India First” Sloga, observance on March 23, as a “Pakistan resolution Day” and celebrations of Muslim League week, once every three months. The Council also unanimously elected Mr. Jinnah president. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Mr. L S. Amery, in a broad-cast speech from London, dwelt on India’s place and part in the great struggle in which the Empire was engaged. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

In the central Assembly, Sir Jeremy Raisman pointed out in his Budget speech that India’s defense budget for 1941-42 was Rs. 84 crores against Rs. 72 cores in 1940-41. The total strength of India’s armed forces was well over 500,000 men. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 3^rd: The Hindu Sabha at Larkana passed a resolution calling upon the Hindus not to mention their sub-castes in the coming Census and to describe themselves as “Aryas”.[Gul Hayat Collection]

February 3^rd: Charges under Sec. 38 of the Defense of India Rules, were framed by the District Magistrate, Lahore against Dr. Choithram Gidwani, Presiden of the Sind Provincial Congress Committee, in connexion with a speech delivered by him at Lahore on January 13. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 4^th: His Excellency the Governor of Sind, prorogued the Sind Assembly which adjourned sine die on December 11. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Dr. Choithram Gidwani, President of the Sind Provincial Congress Committee, was sentenced to 18 months’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 500 by the District Magistrate, Lahore, under Rule 38 of the Defense of India Rules for a speech delivered by him at Lahore on January 13. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 7^th: Mr. M. A Jinnah, President All-India Muslim League, issued a statement from Poona, with regard to Sind Affairs. He observed : “The Hindu and the Congress Press is misrepresenting the situation in SIndh day in and day out. The Congress party and the Hindu Independently Party concluded an agreement with a few indivisual members of the Assembly who belong to the Muslim League on the basis of the so-called 21 points along with the understanding that they will maintain the Mur Ministry for the remaining period of the Assembly.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 9^th: Acharya Kripalani addressed a meeting of student in Madras. HE appealed to the students to carry out the constructive program instead of passing resolutions as to what should or should not be done by the leaders. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 10^th: Mr. N. A. Bechar( M.L.A) in a communication to the Press commenting on Mr. Jinnah’s Statement on the Sindh Ministerial position, made an appeal to Mr. Jinnah, President of the All-India Muslim League to trust his men “on the spot” and not to disturtb the Azad arrangement. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

February 12^th: Shah Latif Adabi Conference starts at Karachi. It is inaugurated by Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi, Education Minister of Sindh. Whereas it is presided over by Allama I.I.Kazi. The Speaker of Sindh Legislative Assembly, Syed Miran Muhammad Shah presented his paper on the topic of the ‘Importance of education’. [Gul Hayat Collection]

February 12^th: The meeting of the Sindh Legislative Assembly Muslim League Party is held at Karachi and so many matters are discussed, particularly Quaid-e-Azam correspondence and the performance of the SIndh Cabinet etc. The circulars issued in this collections are available in the Library of Gul Hayat Institute and same are published on the website www.drpathan.com. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

February 15^th: Dr. P V. Naidu General Secretary of All-India Hindu Mahasabha, suggested from Madras that the Viceroy should invite a conference of the Premiere of the Provinces and the Congress ex-Premiers, along with a certain number of leaders nominated by the Hindu Mahasabha, Muslim League, Sikhs Christian and the Depressed classes in order to find a way out of the political deadlock. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

February (First Half): Secret papers of the Sindh Government reveal that five khaksars who marched in military formation at Hyderabad have been prosecuted under the Defense of India Rules.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the first half of February 1941, 18th February 1941.]

 

February 17^th: Mr. R.K. Sidhwa Leader of the Congress Assembly Party (Sindh) observed : “Things have considerably improved and the relations between the two major communities have begun to be cordial. All the same Hindus feel somewhat nervous because of the danger they apprehend from the surrounding Muslim Villages.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

February 18^th: Mr. M. A. Jinnah, President, All-India Muslim League issued a statement to the Press from New Dehli. He stated inter alia : “My attention has been drawn to a report under the heading

Revised Pakistan Scheme Committee’s Recommendations’ published in a newspaper to-day. This is entirely incorrect. After the Lahore resolution now popularly known as the Pakistan resolution, was passed last March, the Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League appointed a sub-Committee to invite any proposal on the basis of the fundamental principles embodied in the Lahore Resolution. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

The Foreign Committee of the All-India Muslim league published details of the Pakistan Scheme which would be discussed at the meeting of the Working Committee. Three zones were contemplated –North-West, North-East, and Hyderabad with certain additions, Sind, Baluchistan, the Frontier Province and the Punjab with Dehli would constitute a sovereign State. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

Another order for the issue of a proclamation for the arrest of Sj. Subhas Chandra Bose, was passed by Mr. S.G. Creek, Additional Magistrate at Alipore, when the case against Sj. Bose under the Defense of India Rules came up for hearing before him. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

February 19^th:Mr. M. A. Jinnah, President, All-India Muslim League, issued a statement from New Dehli on the political pact in Sind. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Mr. M. A. Jinnah President of the All-India Muslim League, issued a statement from New Dehli : “Khan Bahadur Khuhro was good enough to come all the way from Karachi to see me and he has placed the whole matter fully before me and in consultation with Sir Abdullah Haroon, President of the Provincial Muslim League, Sind, I have come to the conclusion that the so-called Pact or Agreement is pure myth”. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

February 22^nd: The meeting of the Executive Committee of the Sindh Muslim League is held at Sann with G.M.Syed in Chair, and it is decided that the party be popularized in the province. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

February 23^rd: The Council of the All-India Muslim League began its session in New Dehli, Mr. M. A. Jinnah presiding. –On the motion of Sir Abdulla Haroon, the council approved the three resolution passed by the Working Committee relating to Mr. Amery’s “India First” slogan, observance of March 23^rd as “Pakistan resolution day” and celebrations of Muslim League ‘Week’ once every three months. The Council also unanimously elected Mr. Jinnah president.- The main discussion centered round the non-official resolution relating to the Congress campaign of Satyagraha. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

February 26th: The Assembly is going to meet on this date and it is felt that unless there is a reshuffling of the Cabinet, the ministry will be faced with a no-confidence motion. The Honorable Khan Bahadur M. A Khuhro, Minister, Public Works Department, has gone to Dehli to acquaint Mr. M. A. Jinnah with the situation and to seek his advice. A meeting of the Sind Forward Bloc was held in Karachi in which the attitude of Congress Rightists towards the disappearance of Mr. Subhas Chandra Bose was condemned. Resolutions were passed eulogizing the services of Mr. Bose and expressing anxiety at his disappearance.[Gul Hayat collection].

 

February 26^th:In the SIndh Assembly, Khan Bahadur Alla Baksh, Finance Minister, envisaged a surplus of Rs. 100000 in the Budget estimates for 1941-42. The anticipated revenue receipts being Rs. 4,35,47,000 and expenditure charged to revenue Rs. 4,34,47,000. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

Mr. V.D. Savarkar, President of the Hindu Mahasabha in a special interview in Bombay said: “It is my honest belief that the non-voilence preached during the 20 years is responsible for the deterioration of the Hindu cause. It has emboldened the Muslim League demand Pakistan.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

March 1^st: Dr.Shyam Prasad Mukherjee, Working President, All-India Hindu Mahasabha, presiding over the Punjab, Sind and the North Western Frontier Province Hindu Conference at Lahore said that so long as 28 crores of Hindus remained alive, Pakistan scheme would not operate in any  part of Hindusthan. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

Pakistan Day was observed at a number of places in India, under instruction from Mr. M. A. Jinnah, President of the Muslim League. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Working President, All-India Hindu Mahasabha, presiding over the Punjab, Sind and the North West Frontier Province Hindu Conference at Lahore said : “Mr. Jinnah’s Pakistan scheme will remain embodied in pamphlets and reports and so long as 28 crores of Hindus remain alive, it will not operate in any part of Hindustan.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

March 2^nd: The Muslim League’s Pakistan scheme was condemned by the Punjab, Sind and the Frontier Provinces Hindu Conferences which concluded its two-day session at Lahore.
Through one of the resolution which was made by Rai Bahadur, Mehrchand Khana (Frontier) the Conference felt that the Pakistan scheme was fraught with great danger to the peace and tranquility of the country and held that the scheme constituted a great blow to the political and national integrity of India. The conference called upon every Hindu to resist it to save India from the proposed vivisection. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

March 3^rd : Meeting of the Sindh Muslim League is held at the residence of Khan Bahadur Muhammad Ayub Khuhro at Muslim Colony In Karachi in which organizational matters were discussed.[Gul Hayat  Collection]

 

March 4^th: In the Sind Assembly Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh Finance Minister, replying to the general debate on the Budget, observed: “Sind has stood the test of making Barrage Debt remunerative and the Government of India should in honor to adjust the Barrage Debt if they find that the estimates do not come up to expectations.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

March 6^th: Haji Abdullah Haroon issued detailed statement on the affairs and performance of the Sindh Government. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com . Haji Abdullah Haroon showed his dissatisfaction on the performance of the Government and asked for good governance in the province.

 

March 6^th: In the Sind Assembly three Sind Ministers –Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhs (Finance), Mr. Nichaldas Vazirani( Revenue) and Rai Sahab Gokuldas (Local Self-Government) announced their resignation from the Cabinet. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

March 7^th: On the call of Sindh Muslim League strike is observed in Karachi and participants disapprove the policy and performance of the SIndh Government and demanded better changes in the greater interest of the peace and progress of the province.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

March 7^th: It was officially Legislative Assembly rejected a resolution moved on behalf of the Opposition that all political prisoners should be placed in Division 1. It was officially announced that Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh was sworn in as Premiere at Karachi Government House, and was aksed to form a new Cabinet in Sind. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

March 8^th: The Arya Samaj held a meeting at Karachi in which Government was requested to take action against the Muslim League leaders on account of the speeches to take action against the Muslim League on account of the speeches made in the meeting held in the Khalikdina Hall on the 6th March[Gul Hayat collection].

 

March 8^th:It was officially announced that Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh, the Sind Premiere, presented to His Excellency the Governor his colleagues in the new Cabinet. Sir Ghulam Hussain HidayatUllah, Pir Elahi Allah Bux, Mr. Nichaldas Vizarani and Rao Saheb Gokuldas, the New Ministers of the Sind Cabinet were sworn in. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

March 9^th: The Working Committee of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha was in session in Bomaby, when apart from administrative matters relating to the organization, there was a general discussion on the political situation. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

March 12^th : Press Report on the subject of the  “Statement of Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon regarding formation of ‘Sindh Cabinet”  is published in Daily “Alwahid” Karachi. The photo stat copy of the Press Report is available at Gul Hayat. [Gul Hayat Collection]”.

March 14^th: The Daily “Alwahid” of Karachi in its course of editorial criticizes political and social contribution and behavior of Syed Meeran Muhammad Shah, Speaker of the Sindh Legislative Assembly.[Gul Hayat Collection]

March 20^th: Action is taken against by “Sansar Samachaar” Provincial Press Address on account for Publication of incorrect figure of British shipping losses during the week ending March 9/10^th.. [Gul Hayat Collection]

March 21^st: Action is taken against by “Karachi Daily” Provincial Press Address on account For Publication of news revealing the location of the anti-aircraft school in Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

March 22^nd: Action is taken against by “United Press” Provincial Press Address on account For Publication of news revealing the location of the anti-aircraft school in Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

March 23^rd: All the branches of Sindh Muslim League observe Pakistan Day, and the one held in Khalikdina Hall, Karachi, under the president ship of Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, an ex-Minister, was largely attended. Speeches were made by Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon, Mr. G.M. Sayed and Mr. Sheikh Abdul Majid, both ex-Ministers, explaining the Muslim League creed and emphasizing the necessity for the achievement of Pakistan. The speeches of the two ex-Ministers were objectionable, in as much as they were very anti-Hindu. They were consequently examined, but Mr. Sayed’s speech has been found not to be actionable while Mr. Gazdar whose speech certainly was has given an undertaking not to make any speech likely to create communal ill-feeling in future.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

March 23^rd: Sayed Sabit Ali Shah K. Jilani writes a letter to Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, President of the Muslim League. He makes complaint against Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi. He writes” I am not only the man who cries for his wrongful deeds but papers also write about him. Sansars Samachar in its issue of 9^th 1941, clearly writes, if Government wishes to keep safety in Sindh, Ali Muhammad Rashdi at once is arrested. Sindh Observer, Karachi Daily, in issues of 8^th March 1941 and New Sindh in its issue of 9^th March 1941 clearly urge “Rashid’s arrest”. They say that Rashdi be arrested otherwise it is likely that Rashdi may create  a breach of peace and there is every likely-hood of riots on behalf of Muslim League through Rashdi.

So he is not only dangerous to his community but awfully dangerous to public at large. He can raise a communal question at any time to fulfill his desires. So it is essential to see him not to go so far as to create a bad atmosphere in Sindh I am not only the man who cries for his wrongful deeds but papers also write about him.

Sansarsamachar in its issue of 9^th 1941, clearly writes, if Government wishes to keep safety in Sindh, Ali Muhammad Rashdi at once be arrested. Sindh Observer, Karachi Daily, in issues of 8^th March 1941 and New Sindh in its issue of 9^th March 1941 clearly urge “Rashid’s arrest”. They say that Rashdi be arrested otherwise it is likely that Rashdi may create  a breach of peace and there is every likely-hood of riots on behalf of Muslim League through Rashdi. So he is not only dangerous to his community but awfully dangerous to public at large. He can raise a communal question at any time to fulfill his desires. So it is essential to see him not to go so far as to create a bad atmosphere in Sindh.” (Reference: Sindh Muslim League Papers, copy with Gul Hayat)

 

March 24^th: In the public meeting held at Khalikdina Hall of Karachi, G.M.Syed presides over ‘Oath and Pledge Ceremony’ in the support of Pakistan. He starts reading it and is followed by participants. In that PLEDGE, it is said that we Muslims are different Nation and created by Allah with special Assignment, for translating it we need Pakistan. In this PLEADGE it is further said that any kind of sacrifice that is required by /for the cause will be made without any condition and objection.

 

March 25^th : The Khaksars observed “Martyrdom Day” in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur and Larkana. At Sukkur and Larkana crackers were fired and some of the Khaksars appeared in uniforms with “belchas”. Action against them is under consideration. In Karachi 45 Khaksars moved in the streets in mufti carrying ‘belchas’ but did not march in military formations. A public meeting was held in Khalikdina Hall mostly attended by Muslim Leaguers. Salutes were presented in the memory of the Khaksars killed in Lahore. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

March (Second Half): While groining through pages of Sindh Press we note that .The tone of the press continues to be friendly with Government. British successes in Italian Eniterea and Abysinia are give due prominence. President Roosevelt’s speech has had a very good press and is regarded as a declaration of war against the dictators. The signing of the Axis Pact by Yugoslavia came in for a good deal of adverse criticism, the “Sind Observer” remarking that it was a great blow to the British diplomacy. Later events in Yugoslavia were welcomed. There has been admiration for Turkey in her decision to stand by the Allies. The resolution passed by the non-party leaders in Bombay drew favorable comments, the “Daily Gazette” observing that the acceptance of the Bombay offer will mean giving “Hitler the final shake he is heading for” Other papers regard the resolution as embodying the just demands of India and express the opinion that it will be very unwise to reject the Indian claim. [Source No. P-25-h(s)/37, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 4th April 1941 Fortnightly report for the Second half of March1941].   

 

March 27^th:The Governor of Sindh Writes to Viceroy of India that, “The new Ministers are getting along fairly well together; but I think there will be jealousy between Allah Bakhsh and Ghulam Hussain, because Allah Bakhsh cannot refrain from interfering in departments which are not included in his Portfolios. The speeches at the Khalikdina Hall on the night of the resignation of the last Ministry promptly put out a severe warning. This resulted in G.M. Sayed, one of the offenders, producing a denial of the correctness of the reports and Gazdar, another of the offenders, giving a personal undertaking to Sir Ghulam Hussain that he would not indulge in that sort of talk again. It may therefore be assumed that—- there will be no prosecution in connection with the speeches made at this meeting.
I may perhaps be allowed to take the occasions of this letter to let you know that I have been considerably troubled in the last two or three weeks over the growth of ill-feeling and lack of confidence between my Minister and the Judiciary of the Province. The main causes of offence are rather complicated but they date back to the repeated attempts of Minister by secret and devious means to interfere with the Magistracy of the Province. The Ministers are under the impression, as I mentioned to you, I think, before, that the European officers on the executive side are conspiring to make the Ministers—appear ridiculous and generally to weaken their authority. I have told you that this view is entirely false and that all my officers are prepared to co-operate readily with the Ministers, provided the Ministers do not indulge in questionable practices, such as interfering with Magistrates and generally intimidating the lower executive officers. The distrust felt of the Judiciary by the Ministry may be traced back to the same reasons and I fear that in the case of at least one District and Sessions judge – the District and Sessions Judge of Sukkur indiscreet and unnecessarily provocative and unjustifiable remarks have been made in judgments and such judgment have been allowed to pass unchanged in appeal. Had I been less occupied in these last days I should have made a serious attempt to – bring the parties to a better understanding. The Ministers are undoubtedly extremely sensitive, but seeing how they have behaved they are not entitled to be sensitive. The judges, on the other hand, are apt to disregard the sensitiveness of the Ministers and to say things either in their judgments or in open court, which are bound to give offence to the Ministers and are not required to be made whether for the purposes arising from the judgments or conducting proceedings in court. A further consequence of this feeling is wide publicity in the Press of wholly improper criticism of the Session Judge at Sukkur. As the result of this the Chief Judge has been pressing me to push on the Contempt of courts Bill, which was introduced and postponed at the last session and has not been proceeded with in this session so far. It was intended to proceed with this Bill in this session; but in response to a note from me that the Bill should be pushed through this session, my Minister have noted unanimously that owing to their distrust of the Judiciary they do not intend to proceed with the Bill this session. This decision reached me only yesterday and I am not able to deal with the matter in a Cabinet meeting. I am accordingly leaving a full note to my successor”. [Letter to the Viceroy of India from the Governor of sindh 27^th March 1941.]

 

March 28^th: 3 day- “4^th all Sindh Literary Conference” starts at Karachi with Kishinchand “Bevas” in chair. Jethmal Parsram is the chairman of Reception Committee where as Hari Daryani “Dilgeer” is stage secretary. On this occasion sindh Minister Nihchaldas Vazirani in inaugurates book exhibition.[Gul Hayat Collection].

 

March 29^th : It is 2^nd day of “fourth All Sindh Literary Conference”. At night “Poetic Sitting” is held in which Hakeem Fateh Muhammad Sehwani, Beruhmal Advani, Hari Dilgeer, Narayan Shayam, Ghulam Ahmad “Nizami”, Qadir Bakhsh “Haqeer” , Wahid Bakhsh “Aashiq”, Lal Chand “Majrur”, Ram Panjwani , HoondRaaj “Dukhayal”, Bulchand Rajpal, Dayaram Sabhani presented their  poetry.[Gul Hayat Collection]

March 30: A Sind Provincial Azad Muslim Party has been formed by Pir Illahi Baksh, Minister of Education. The Party will consists of nationalist Muslims and will opposite the Muslim League. The party proposes  to start a Sindhi daily paper.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

March 30^th: It is the last session of the forth All Sindh Literary Conference and so many resolution are passed on the promotion and progress of Sindh Literature and Language.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

March 31^st: Sir Lancelot Graham, retiring Governor of Sind, in the course of an interview to a Karachi daily, characterized as “incorrect” the impression in Indian political circles, that the Pakistan scheme was favored by the British Government. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 1^st: On the initiate and invitation of Haji Abdullah Haroon, the president Sindh Muslim League, the meeting of Muslims editor is held at Karachi and The Sindh Muslim Editor Association if formed with main purpose of to propagate Muslim League cause and message and combat Hindu Press Working against the Pakistan Movement. Shaikh Abdul Majid Sindhi(President), Muhammad Khan Ghani “Eiditor of the Muslaman” (Vice President),Agha Nazar Ali Khan “Editor of Sindh Zamnidar” (Treasurer) are elected as its office bearer .The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com . Haji Abdullah Haroon showed his dissatisfaction on the performance of the Government and asked for good governance in the province.

 

April 1^st: Sir Hugh Dow is appointed as the Governor of Sindh. He started his career as Assistant Collector in Sindh in 1909. He remained Sukkur Barrage Revenue officer from 1927 to 1933. He was appointed the Chairman of ‘Sindh Administrative Committee in 1933. During his tenure as the Governor our two Freedom Fighters: Hemon Kalani and Sooreh Badshah Pir Pagaro were sentenced to death.

 

April 1^st:Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” Monthly Journal “Adeeb Sindh” is founded in Larkana and Master Juma Khan “Ghareeb” is appointed as its editor. [Gul Hayat Collection].

 

April 1^st: The session of the All-India Muslim League began in Madras. Mr. Jinnah, the President, in his address surveyed the activities of the League and expressed his determination to support the establishment of “Independent” States in certain areas in India. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Sir Hugh Dow was sworn in as Governor of Sind. Sir Godfrey Davis, the Chief Judge of the Chief court, administered the oath of allegiance. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 3^rd  : Press Report on the subject of the  ““Muslim Journalist’s Association formed by the Sindh Muslim League” is published in Daily “Alwahid” Karachi. The photo stat copy of the Press Report is available at Gul Hayat. [Gul Hayat Collection]”.

April 7th: Hari Conference is held at Larkana with Muhammad Hussain Khuhawar as its president. So many resolution on subjects of peasants’ rights, Hindu – Muslim Unity etc are passed

 

April 9^th: The Live Stock Improvement Conference is held and is attended by representatives and nominees of all District Local Boards and Municipalities of Sindh.

 

April 11^th: The Khaksars held a camp at Hyderabad from the 11th to the 13th April. Khaksar leaders had interviewed the Honorable Premiere and the Honorable Minister, Home Department, beforehand and assured them that they had no intention of infringe the orders of Government.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 11^th: The Executive Council of the U.P. Hindu League at Lucknow, passed a resolution urging upon all persons and bodies to observer the “Anti-Pakistan Day” on April 17, 1941, by holding public meetings and other suitable methods in their respective district headquarters. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 12^th: The twenty-eight session of the All-India Muslim League Conference opened in Madras. Mr. M. A. Jinnah the President, could not deliver his address owing to indisposition. Mr. Hamid Khan, referring to the Muslim League’s demands said: “The demand for Pakistan which implies the establishment of independent and separate Muslim States on the basis of a confederation does not run counter to the idea of India’s political unity, nor does it mean the vivisection of India, since the basis of Pakistan has existed at all time in this country.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Giani Tirath Singh, chairman of the Reception Committee, addressing the Sind Akali Conference at Karachi, said : “Nationalism is the political cult of modern India and while this cult is in the course of development we find a separatist trend being introduced by Mr. Jinnah in his Pakistan Scheme.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 13^th:Congress observed Jallianwala Bagh Day on the 13th April. Mass meetings were held in Karachi and Hyderabad, in which anti-British and objectionable speeches were made. At Hyderabad and Mirpurkhas, large pictures depicting in a Lund manner Jallianwala Bagh incident were prominently displayed in processions. Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A., speaking at Karachi, remarked that although Indians were unable to take revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh the death grip in which the British were involved at present was a retribution for the Indian blood that was shed at Jallianwala Bagh. Another speaker stated that events like Jallianwala Bagh are to be welcomed, for freedom could not be achieved till incidents like Jallianwala Bagh shocked the Indian people and prepared them for sacrifices.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 14^th: The second sitting of the open session of the All-India Muslim League began in Madras, when Mr. M. A. Jinnah delivered his presidential address.- Mr. Jinnah in his address, surveyed the activities of the Muslim League and referred to the determination of the organization to establish Independent States in certain areas in India. The Muslim League, he said , would not under any circumstances agree to any constitution of an All-India character with one Government as the centre. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Dr. Rabundranath Tagore received numerous congratulatory message on the occasion of his 80^th birthday which was celebrated by the Visva-Bharati at Santinikentan. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 15^th: Master Tarasingh, the well known Sikh Leader from Amritsar has been to Karachi to preside over an Akali Conference and he addressed meetings of Sikhs in which he attacked the Muslim League and ridiculed the Pakistan idea.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 15^th: Special Session of District Larkana board is held in Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto Hall. The election of the new President of the District Local Board is held and Sardar Nabi Bakhsh Khan Bhutto is elected with majority of votes.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 15^th: At the open session of the Muslim League in Madras, and amendment to the All-India Muslim League’s constitution making Pakistan its goal, was unanimously passed. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

April 16^th A deputation of Congressmen is to leave shortly for Wardha to seek permission from Mahatma Gandhi to start ‘satyagraha’ in this Province. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April (First Half): The tone of the press continues to be friendly. Events leading to the recapture by the enemy of Benghazi, Derna, and other places have evoked a certain amount of anxiety but the determination of Greeks and Yugoslavs to resist the Axis aggression has been universally applauded. German attacks on Greece and Yugoslavia have been condemned by all the papers, the “Sind Observer” that although the events cannot be looked upon with complacency there is no need to lose confidence. The signing of the Russo-Japanese Pact has come in for a good deal of adverse criticism. The “Daily Gazette” remarked that by signing the Pact, Russia has only “signed her own death warrant, morally speaking”. Other papers do not attach any importance to the Pact; it being observed that Pact has very little value in the present days. Satyagraha news is in the background and the interest in centered in the war news.

In Sindh Press events leading to the recapture by the enemy of Benghazi, Derna, and other places have evoked a certain among of anxiety, but the determination of Greeks and Yugoslays to resist the Axis aggression has been universally applauded. German attacks on Greece and Yugoslavia have been condemned by all the papers, the  “Sind Observer” remaking that this was another act of “international banditry”. The attitude of the entire press can be summed up in the words of the “Sind Observed” that although the events cannot be looked upon with complacency, there is no need to lose confidence. The signing of the Russo-Japanese Pact has come in for a good deal of adverse criticism. The “Daily Gazette” remarked that by signing the Pact, Russia has only “signed her own death warrant, morally speaking”. Other papers do not attach any importance to the Pact, it being observed that Pacts have very little value in the present days. Satyagraha news is in the background and all the interest is centered in the war news. [Source No. P-25-h(s)/37, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 21st April 1941 Fortnightly report for the First half of April 1941].

 

April (Second Half):  The general tone of the Sindh press continues to be anti-Nazi and anti-Fascist. The capitulation of Yugoslavia and Greece caused much disappointment and handsome tributes were paid to the gallantry of the gallantry of the Greek nation. The statement of the Rt. Honorable Mr. Amery on the Indian situation has a very cold reception and was dubbed as reactionary in spirit. The ”Sind Observer” remarked that the statement disclosed lack of vision and leadership which will prove fatal to the British cause. Other papers also wrote in the same strain and referred to the anomaly of the British fighting for the independence of  small nations in Europe while denying self-Government to India. Mahatma Gandhi’s statement on Mr. Amery’s speeches received banner headlines and was give much prominence in all the papers except the Muslim Press. Nationalist papers made complimentary references of Mahatma Gandhi’s statement. The press welcomed the decision of Mahatma Gandhi to disallow Congressmen in Sind to observe ‘satyagraha’. The ”Daily Gazette” remarked that by his decision Mahatma Gandhi has placed Sind under a debt of gratitude. [Source No. P-25-h(s)/37, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 3rd May 1941 Fortnightly report for the Second half of April 1941].

 

April(Second Half): As per Government secret reports “Congress activities at present are in the main confined to the holding of meetings but on the whole these meetings are but poorly attended and there is some feeling that it is difficult to maintain public interest in Congress affairs in the absence of permission to indulge in Satyagraha. Swami Govindanand, leader of the Forward Bloc has stated that the Forward Bloc can no longer function in view of the disappeared of Mr. Subhas Chandra Bose”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1941, 4^thApril, 1941.]

April (Second Half): The tone of the press continues to be friendly. British success in Italian Eriterea and Abysinia are given due prominence . President Roosevelt’s speech has had a very good press and is regarded as a declaration of war against the dictators. The signing of the Axis Pact by Yugolsavia came in for a good deal of adverse criticism, the “Sind Observer” remarking that it was a great blow to the British diplomacy. Later events in Yugoslavia were welcomed. There has been admiration for Turkey in her decision to stand by the Allies. The resolution passed by the non-party leaders in Bombay drew favorable comments, the “Daily Gazette” observing that the acceptance of the Bombay offer will mean giving “Hitler the final shake he is heading for”. Other papers regard the resolution as embodying the just demands of India and express the opinion that it will be very unwise to reject the Indian claim. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1941, 4th May, 1941.]

 

April 18^th:Action is taken against  “Sansar Samachar” (Sindhi Daily of Karchi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account of issue a correction regarding the British naval losses for the week ending 7^th March 1941.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 18^th:Action is taken against  “Deshmitra”, (Sindhi weekly of Hyderabad.) by Provincial Press Adviser on account of issue a correction regarding the British naval losses for the week ending 7^th March 1941.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 19^th:  Sardar Amar Singh, President of the All-India Sikh League at a function arranged in his honor at Karachi, declared : We will rather be annihilated than submit to a communal raj and we would never leave our motherland, religion and community and will not permit the establishment of a communal raj”. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

April 19^th and 20^th: Pakistan Day was celebrated at Karachi and Hyderabad on 19th April and at Sukkur on 20th April at Karachi the Sind Provincial Muslim League convened a public meeting presided over by Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon. M. L. A. (Central), where the Pakistan resolution, adopted by the All-India Muslim League Conference at Lahore, was reaffirmed. Speeches strongly anti-Congress in tone favoring the Pakistan scheme and condemning its critics was made. At Hyderabad two small meetings were held at the Juma Mosque where in addition to the resolutions adopted at Karachi, resolutions were passed condemning the system of joint electorate (which are expected to hamper Muslim development in general and the Pakistan scheme in particular) and criticizing the present Ministry for accepting the demands of the Hindus in this and other matter. At Sukkur a procession was taken out and ended in a meeting at which besides the Pakistan resolution, resolution were adopted sympathizing with Dr. Muhammad Yamin on his conviction under Section 153-A, Indian Penal Code, and appealing to the Ministry to withdrawal all cases against the members and workers of the Sukkur Manzilgah Restoration Committee. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 21^st: The Sirat Committee of the Anjuman-i-Manzilgah Punjab on 21^st April organized a public meeting in Karachi preceded by a Mamoth procession, which was attended by ten to twelve thousand Muslims, including a number of Khaskars. Haji Sir Abdullah Haroon presided, and speeches were made on the life of the Prophet and favoring the Pakistan scheme.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

April 21^st: Mahatama Gandhi refused to withdraw the civil disobedience movement. In an interview in Bombay, he said : “1 adhere to all that I said at the initiation of the struggle. I had no foolish illusion about a sudden miracle happening. It was conceived to be, and it remains, a silent declaration of unquenchable faith in the power of non-violence even in the midst of circumstances so terrible and so baffling as face the world today.-“ I believe more in efficacy if the incalculable force of an inscrutable Divinity than in the efficacy of the calculated and calculable forces that combined powers of destruction can bring into play o this little planet. That incalculable forces has somehow or other to act through human agency.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]  

 

April 25^th: Pir Abdul Rahman , commonly known as the Pir of Bharchundi, who was detained in the Karachi District Prison under the Bombay Regulation XXV of 1827, is released as Government considered his further detention was not necessary in view of present conditions in the Sukkur district.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 1^st: May Day is celebrated at Karachi and Sukkur. At Karachi the Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress convened a procession which is attended to by about 1000 laborers. Portraits of Stalin, Lenin, and Karl Marx were displayed and the usual slogans were raised. Mr. Naraindas Bechar , M.L.A.s addressed the meeting in which several resolutions were passed urging inter alia an increase in the wages of laborers demanding an 8 hour working day and pressing for the grant of complete independence to India. At Sukkur a small meeting is held in which the laborers present were urged to join the local labor union.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 1^st: Dr. Rabindranath Tagore’s 80^th. Birthday was celebrated in Calcutta and in other parts of India. Felicitations were conveyed to the poet. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

May 2^nd: “Mashriqi Day” was observed by the Khaksars at Jacobabad, Hyderabad and Kotri in Dadu district where public meetings were held in which the Khaksars creed was explained.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 2^nd: Strike is observed in the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation where about 250 worker struck work as protest against the alleged ill-treatment of a worker by a foreman of the Corporation. The strikers demanded that the foreman should tender an apology to the aggrieved person and that the Managing Director should himself ask the strikers to resume work. The Resident Managing Director told Mr. Naraindas Bechar, the labor leader, to advise the strikers were however adamant. The premises of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation were declared a protected area and notices under Section 144, Criminal Procedure Code, prohibiting them from making speeches were served on certain labor leaders, including Mr. Bechar. The strike continued till the 14th instant when a settlement was effected. All the strikers have been taken back. The strikers will be paid wages for half the period of the strike and they have given an assurance that they will not go on strike again during the war.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 6^th : Action is taken against  “Sind Observer” by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publication of an advertisement announcing the non-availability of  re-roll able material  .[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 6^th : Action is taken against  “Daily Gazette “ by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publication of an advertisement announcing the non-availability of  re-roll able material  .[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 6^th: Govardhan Dulahdinomal Tanvani is barn in Larkana. He migrated to India after partition and earned named fame as a writer, poet and journalist. Number of good books are on his credit such as “Mitho Dard”(1962) and “Dard ain Dard”(1965). [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 6^th : The Sindh Governor and his secret fortnightly report informs the viceroy of India that “It is understood the Sind Provincial Muslim League have organized an effective program to create political awakening among the Muslim masses, in order to secure the return of Muslim League candidates at the next Assembly Local Board and Municipal elections. The working Committee of the Provincial Muslim League considered the fundamental demands of the League. Vis-à-vis the Ministry (vide paragraph 6 below). It was urged that in respect of all important matters of policy the Muslim League Ministers should abide by the decision of the Provincial Muslim League Parliamentary Committee, and that they should deposit their resignations in writing with the Provincial League, Which may utilize them whenever it finds that their continuance in office is detrimental to the Muslim community. Other demands considered were that the operation of the Sind Frontier Regulations in the Frontier districts of Larkana, Karachi and Jacobabad be stopped immediately, and that a Muslim Parliamentary Secretary should be allotted to the Revenue Minister ( who is a Hindu) and afforded opportunity to acquaint himself with the proceedings of that department. All these demands were however, rejected by the Ministers and are not binding on them, the Minister holding that the Ministry is neither a League cabinet nor a coalition League cabinet”.[No. P.25 H(S)/40, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 6^th May 1940.]

 

May 7^th: Mahatma Gandhi directed that Sind should be considered outside the Satyagraha Zone and Congressmen of the province should continue their normal activities. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

Mahatma Gandhi, In the course of a statement on the communal riots, said :”Hindu Muslim riots that have broken out in many important places in the country must have saddened all sane people. My grief, however, is special. Congress influence seems to have been practically unfelt during the dark days. We have proved ourselves barbarians and cowards in these places…… Congress influence is not to be measured by the number of members on the Congress register but by its leavening quality.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

May 10^th: Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Minister for Law and order, addressing the Unity Conference convened at Sukkur, declared: “Either the badmash elements who foment riots should be wiped out or I am fully prepared even to lay down my life for making Sind safe for peaceful citizens and am determined to maintain peace at any cost. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

May 15^th: A number of European evacuees from Iraq have arrived in Karachi and such of them as have not been able to fend for themselves have been accommodated at the British Military Hospital pending disposal to camps elsewhere in India. About two hundred Indian evacuees mostly women and children also arrived on the 15th night and have been housed temporarily in the Pilgrims’ Camp. They were nearly all deck passengers and come from different parts of India. Arrangements are being made to send them to their respective homes. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1941, 19th May, 1941.]

 

May 16^thAction is taken by “Sansar Samachar” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account For publication of misleading headlines of the resolution passed by the Calcutta National Democratic Union. [Gul Hayat Collection]

May 16^thAction is taken by “Tej” (weekly of Jacobabad) by Provincial Press Adviser on account Publication of incorrect number of British losses during the Greek campaign. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May (First Half): The tone of the pres continues to be anti-Nazi and anti-Fascist. The situation in Iraq has been commented upon at length by the English newspapers. The “Sind Observer” has drawn the attention of the authorities towards the absences. Of shelters in Karachi and emphasized the need of construction several public shelters. All papers agree that the Anglo-Iraq clash is engineered by the Nazi propaganda and the “Daily Gazette” hope that Iraq’s invaluable experiences will not be lost on other nations in the Middle East. Only one papers, the “Sansar Samachar“, sounds a discordant note by saying that although the people have revolted against the British in Iraq at the instigation of Germany but Englishmen cannot escape the responsibility for this rupture and that they are paying for the high-handed treatment they meted out to the Iraqis. The Provincial Press Adviser has taken up the matter with the editor of “Sansar Samachar”. The Muslim papers do not publish any comments on the Iraq situation. . The war situatin is regarded as critical and the “Sind Observer” typifies the general attitude when it remarks that there will be profound flow of sympathy from every part of the world to Great British in this hour of her dark trial. [Source No. P-25-h(s)/37, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 19th May 1941 Fortnightly report for the First half of May 1941

 

May 23^rd: An A.R.P. parade was held which was attended by His Excellency the Governor. His Excellency in an address to the A.R.P. personnel appealed for the enlistment of larger number in the A.R.P. Services and for constant training and watchfulness.[Gul Hayat Collection]

May 24^th: District Sukkur Muslim League Conference is held at Sultankot under president ship of Makhdoom Mureed Hussain of Multan. It is largely attended big show of the party there.

 

May 25^th:  Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 25^th: In the Meeting held by Muslim League at Larkana , the Pakistan creed was explained in the meetings, the present Ministry was condemned and Muslims were urged to unite. At Sukkur and Larkana, local Khaskars provided a Salute to the Muslim League leaders. On the whole there is not much khaksar activity, but some efforts are being made to popularize the movement.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 26^th: Cholera has broken out in three districts-Dadu, Larkana, and Sukkur. So far only a few deaths have occurred and it is hoped that the precautionary measures taken will prevent the disease from spreading.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 26^th: Muslim Inhabitant Village Rustom send detailed letter to the President of the Sindh Muslim League apprising him of the high handedness of Hindus with Muslims. They have made complained regarding ignoring Muslim population by Hindus and have asked to take personal interest in resolving their problems. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

May (Second Half):Government reports through light on war situation it is said that “Events in Crete and Iraq have awakened interest in the war and the position in Iraq particularly has led to much speculation and also some nervousness regarding the possible liability of Karachi to air raids. If this leads to further recruitment to the A.R.P. Services, good will result. A certain number of residents of Karachi, mostly from cutch and Gujrat, have left the city for their homes. A Defense Committees has been formed with the Mayor as Chairman. It has sent in scheme costing Rs. 12 lakhs for the protection of certain vital services in the city and for digging subsoil water wells for fire fighting. The scheme is under the consideration of Government.
The arrival of evacuees from Iraq also created interest. The first two batches have particularly all been disposed of evacuees of European extraction being sent to Satara in the Bombay Presidency while those of Indian extraction were quickly sent to their homes. The third batch, which consists of the Baghdadi wives and children of British Indian subjects working in Iraq, present a problem of considerable difficulty as they seem to have no connections in India. They are being accommodated in the Pilgrims Camp here for the present”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of May 1941, 14th June, 1941.]

 

May (Second Half): The tone of the press continues to be friendly. The news from Iraq from Crete occupies the most prominent place. The Muslim paper have refrained from commenting on the Iraq situation, except the “Al-Wahid”, which is a very old Muslim paper and is the mouth-piece of the Muslim League. Commenting on the events in Iraq, the paper observed that Rashid Ali Gillani’s activities could not be eulogized nor could his negotiations with the Nazis be in the interest of the Islamic world. The policy of the Vichy Government to allow further concessions to Hitler has been universally condemned. The ”Sind Observer” remarked that Marshal Petain was guilty of a gross miscalculation if he has allowed Hitler to have his say in the Middle East. The ”Daily Gazette” calls it “a gross betrayal of a former ally.” The “Karachi Daily” observed that Vichy has gone beyond the bounds of decency in hampering the war efforts of its former ally and that no amount of ‘pettifoggers and quisling on Darlan’s part can quiet the “qualms of conscience that the Frenchmen all over the world feel.” The statement of President Roosevelt has had a good press and is regarded as hear tenting except by the ”Sind Observer” which remarks that “except for a vague declaration of a “state of emergency in the United States, there is nothing “in Roosevelt’s speech to enthuse about.”. Anxiety has been shown by all the papers regarding the inadequacy of the defense measures for the protection of the city of Karachi against possible air raids, The news of the exodus from Karachi has been published in certain papers, but advices have been give to the citizens in the editorial columns to keep calm and, net to leave the City in nervousness [Source Government of Sindh. Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 4th June 1941. Fortnightly Report for the Second half of May 1941].

 

May (Second Half): As per  government secret reports “Congress propaganda is more or less at a stand –still. The Sind Provincial Congress Committee has decided to abolish the Sind Supreme Satyaraha Council in view of the remote possibility of ‘Satyagaraha’ being allowed in Sind. It is expected that order ‘Satyagraha’ committees will similarly be liquidated. It is rumored that Mahatma Gandhi may visit Sind with a view to stimulate propaganda for Hindu-Muslim unity”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of May 1941, 14th June, 1941.]

 

May(Second Half): The Sindh Government throws light on the performance of the press, that “the tone of the press continuous to be friendly. The news from Iraq and Crete occupies the most prominent place. The Muslim papers have refrained from commenting on the Iraq situation, except the “Alwahid”, which is a very old Muslim paper and is the mouth-piece of the Muslim league. Commenting on the events in Iraq, the paper observed that Rashid Ali Gillani’s activities could not be eulogized nor could his negotiations with the Nazis be in the interest of the Islamic world. The policy of the Vichy Government to allow further concessions to Hitler has been universally condemned. The “Sind Observer” remarked that Marshal Petain was guilty of a gross miscalculation if he has allowed Hitler to have his say in the Middle East. The “Daily Gazette” calls it “a gross betrayal of a former ally”. The “Karachi Daily” observed that Vichy has gone beyond the bounds of decency in hampering the War efforts of its former ally and that no amount of “pettifogger and quisling on Darlan’s part can quieten the qualms of conscience that the Frenchmen all over the world feel.” The statement of President Roosevelt has a good press and is regarded as heartening except by the “Sind Observer” which remarks that “except for a vague declaration of a state of emergency in the United States, there is nothing in Roosevelt’s speech to enthuse about.”
The Hindu press has published bitter comments on the speeches made by the Muslim Leaguers at the recent meeting of the Provincial League Committee at Sultankot in Sukkur district. The “Sind Observer” wrote a strong leading article remarking that the speeches had in them the seed of anarchy and disorder.
Anxiety has been shown by all the papers regarding the inadequacy of the defense measured for the protection of the city of Karachi against possible air raids. The news of the exodus from Karachi has been published in certain papers, but advices have been given to the citizens in the editorial columns to keep calm and not to leave the city in nervousness”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of May 1941, 14^th June, 1941.]

May 27^th: A public meeting of the Government Low Paid Staff Union was held under the president ship of Mr. Naraidas A. Bechar, M.L.A., in which resolutions were passed urging Government to grant war allowance, to fix an 8-hour day for the staff and to stop the taking of private work from them by officers. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 28^th: Malik Abdul Khaliq, Private Secretary to the Japanese Consul at Karachi, was arrested at Hoshiarpur (Punjab) under the orders of the Government of India, under Rule 129 of the Defense of India Rules. He was brought to Karachi on the 28th May, and has been detained in the Karachi District Prison under Rule 129(2) of the Defense of India Rules, pending for their orders.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

May 28^th: Students’ conferences were held in Sukkur, Hyderabad, and Karachi in which stress was laid on Hindu-Muslim unity, but in Sukkur the students gave voice to some anti-war and anti-recruitment slogans. [Gul Hayat Collection]

May 30^th: Juma Khan ‘Gharib’ presides over Poetic Sitting jointly organized by Bazim Mushaera of Larkano and Sindhi Sudhar Society. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

June 1^st: The Government of India declared the Khaksar organization to be an unlawful association. The Provincial Governments were also instructed to take necessary steps to suppress the said organization. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

The All-India Committee of the Hindu Mahasabha, at its session in Calcutta, passed a resolution, postponing the question of launching a campaign of “direct action” on an All-India issue as suggested by the Madura resolution. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

June 6^th: Secret paper of Sindh Government reveal that “No serious attempt to disregard the ban on the Khaksar organization was made. The Khaksars at Hyderabad and intended to collect in full uniform with the “belchas” and to march to various mosques on the 6^th June. The District Magistrate Hyderabad, apprised the local Khaksar leaders of the Government orders and they abandoned their intention. The Khaksars offered prayers in mufti and their leader, Mir Ali Ahmed, in a short speech stated that they had decided to remain peaceful and not to break the law in obedience to the orders issued by their high command and not because they were afraid of the police or the military. He also ordered Khaksars to cease their activities until they received further orders from their high command. In Jacobabad, 9 khaksars were arrested out of whom 6 were released on apology, etc., 2 were sentenced to six months rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 100 had one was sentenced to two months rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 100. It is now proposed to release the three persons imprisoned if they apologize and give an undertaking not to defy the ban. No particular developments are expected and there seems to be no general interest or sympathy with the movement”
“The local Khaskar leader Mian Ahmed Shah, has issued a statement regarding the present position of the Khaskars in which he has commended the action of His Excellency the Governor of the North-West-Frontier Province in showing leniency to the Khaskars. He also hopes that the Government of India will re-consider their orders and has enjoyed upon the Khaskars to remain peaceful in the meantime. Orders have been issued for the release of the two Khaskars imprisoned recently, provided they give an undertaking to refrain from any undesirable activities in future. They are persons of no importance”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 9^th : Action is taken against “Nizam” by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publication of incorrect number of New Zealand soldiers last during the operations in Crete. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 9^th : Action is taken against “Sansar Samachar”by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publication of incorrect number of New Zealand soldiers last during the operations in Crete. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 13^th : There were minor strike among the lorry drivers and laborer belonging to the contractors employed by the Dalmia Factory and a few laborers in the Light Flour Mills. A settlement was reached in both cases on the day of the strike. About 250 women laborer of Tatters field and Company dealers in wool went on strike and demanded that one of the employee who was discharged six months and should be reinstated. The strikers were persuaded to resume work. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 14^th : Action is taken against “Mirpurkhas Gazette” by Provincial Press Adviser on account of commenting on the neutrality of Turkey. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 17^th : About 300 laborers engaged by a Military contractor for the construction of a sewage line near the British Military Hospital went on strike as a protest against the non-payment of wages by the contractor. It appears that there was some dispute as to the amount of wages due and at present only 80 laborers are working, the remainder have either left or have been discharged. A few laborers belonging to the Cloth Printing works and the Light Flour Mill, Karachi, went on strike. They have been discharged. The East Tramways Employees’ Union held a meeting on the 17^th June under the president ship of Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A. Speeches were made complaining against the unsympathetic attitude of the Traffic Manager towards the employees decided to wait till the 7^th of July and to watch the attitude of the Company.   [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th July, 1941.]

 

June 17^th: For the nomination on the senate of Bombay University District Local Boards of Sindh recommended names of desiring candidates. Dr. Hothchand Jurbakshani and Moula Bakhsh Soomro were candidate for the senate membership of Bombay University. The Larakana District Board Unanimously recommended the name of Moula Bakhsh Soomro. [Gul Hayat Collection]   

 

June 17^th: Acharya Kripalani General Secretary of the A.I.C.C issued instructions for the guidance of Satyagrahis and Congress Committees after consultation with Mahatama Gandhi. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

June 19^th: Fortnightly secret report send to Viceroy of India by Sind Governor reveals that “Secret Congress propaganda consists rightly of a few flag salutation ceremonies and speeches on Hindu Muslim Unity. No anti-war or objectionable speeches have come to notice. The Karachi District Congress Committee has expressed its disapproval of the proposed bill to increase the salaries of the members of the Legislative Assembly”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th June, 1941.]  

 

June 19^th : In his secret letter to the Viceroy of India, The Governor of Sindh apprise him of the role played by Sindh Press. He writes “The tone of the press continues to be friendly. The evacuation of Crete is regarded as damaging to the prestige of the Allies, although the fight which the Imperial troops out up has been applauded generally. The “Daily Gazette” observes that “lovers of Democracy ought not to lose their hearts and put their head together to avert future Crete’s.”  The news of the Anglo Iraq armistice has been welcomed generally and has been received with much relief by the Muslim press. The “Sind Observer” remarked that “the dream castle of Rashid Ali has toppled down to its doon”. The “Daily Gazette” observes that the reverses in Crete are counterbalanced by the surrender of Iraq and the resumption of Anglo-Iraqi relationship which had temporarily broken up by the machinations of the enemy through Rashid Ali. The Hindu papers remarked that with the signing of the Anglo-Iraq armistice the danger of air raids to Karachi has been considerably removed. The attack on Syria by the British and Free French troops has been welcomed in all the sections of the press. The “Sind Observer” “hailed the news with delight”, so did the “Daily Gazette”. The “Sansar Samachar” remarked that it was a very popular move. The action of the Government of India in imposing a ban on the Khaksars movement has been generally welcomed by the Hindu Press which regards the Khaksars movement as a menace to the tranquility and peace of the country. The “Sind Observer” characteristics the movement as an organized attempt to set up Fascism in India. The Muslim press is reticent on the whole. Only three Muslim papers have written leading articles on the Government of India ban. The “Alwahid”, an old Sindhi paper, remarks that the movement is a peaceful one and appeals to Government to remove the ban. The “Bab-ul-islam”, an organ of the Khaksars published from Hyderabad, in a leading articles under the captions “In obedience to third step of Idarni Illahiya Hindiya” and “Dangerous Demonstration of English Power in Hyderabad city” remarks that Government had kept police and military guard near the mosques of Hyderabad City which are the houses or God in order to stop the activities of the sepoys of God and have thus prevented the slaves of God from worshipping Him. The “Muslim Voice”, is of the opinion that the Khaksars movement has suffered because of its faulty leadership and because of its refusal to come within the fold of the Muslim League and until Allama Mashraqi recognizes the leadership of Mr. Jinnah, he will not win the sympathy and confidence of the Muslims”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 19th June, 1941.]  

June 19^th : “A dacoity took place at Phul in Nawabshah district in which the shop of a Hindu bania was looted and a woman abducted. The woman was untraced for about a week, but has now been restored. Her abduction caused much anxiety in the minds of the Hindu public of Nawabshah district. Another dacoity is reported from a village in Thar Parkar district in which 4 Sikhs and 4 persons of other castes stole four horses and property worth Rs. 1000. The dacoits shot one Muslim and committed a number of brutalities”. [Gul Hayat Collection]  

 

June 19^th: An All-India Baluch Conference was convened at Karachi under the presidentship of Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur, ex-Pronier. Resolutions were passed requesting the Kalat State authorities to remove the ban imposed on the National Baluch Party and the press and to grant reforms to Baluchistan. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

 

June 20th: Fortnightly secret report send to Viceroy of India by Sind Governor reveals that “About half a dozen Congress meetings were held in different parts of the province. Speeches bearing on the Congress constructive program and Hindu-Muslim unity were made. The Local Congress Committee also organized a public meeting at Karachi to congratulate Lakhmichand Kinger, a Congress worker who has recently been convicted under the Defense of India Rules for making an objectionable speech.
The Sind Forward Bloc held a Conference on the 20th, 21st and 22nd June at Karachi under the chairmanship of Hamiduddin Dilbar of Dehli. It was very poorly attended. Speeches were made attacking the Congress leadership, which was characterized as capitalistic in outlook, and eulogizing the revolt of Mr. Subhas Chandra Bose. The disappearance of Mr. Bose was compared to the exile of Shiri Ramchandra, of Lenin and Lala Lajpatral. Congress was accused of falling to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity and ‘Charkha’, ‘Khadi’ and non-violence were condemned, Resolutions were also passed supporting the workers and peasant movement. Khaskar activities have ceased and the movement is moribund for the present”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of June 1941, 5th July , 1941.]

 

June( Second Half): As per secret reports of the Governor of Sindh “Communal relations continue to be satisfactory on the whole. It must be stated, however, that the propaganda carried on by the Sind Branch of the Muslim League is calculated to weaken the prevailing sense of inter-communal harmony, inasmuch as it tries to inflame the minds of the ignorant portion of the Muslim community by preaching that the Hindus have at all times been exploiting them and draining from them their material resources. Uninformed Muslims are therefore encouraged to believe that no consideration whatever should be shown to Hindus. This Government is not prepared to allow this kind of propaganda to continue unchecked as it is bound to have serious repercussions in the province and to sow the seed of communal hatred leading to the same consequence as it did when it resulted in the Sukkur riots. Such mischievous propaganda undesirable as it is in time of peace, cannot on any account to be tolerated in an emergency like the present”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of June 1941, 5th July , 1941.]

 

June 25^th:The meeting of Muslim inhabitant of village Malik of Talpur of Moroo is held in the bungalow of Haji Gul Muhammad Khan and it is presided over by Moulvi Muhammad Amil. In this meeting branch of Sindh Muslim League is formed with following of its bearer:
Muhammad Bakhsh Khan Khero(President), Moulvi Muhammad Amil (Vice President), Mian Muhammad Yousuf (Secretary), Mian Ahmad Khan (Treasurer). The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

June 25^th: Meeting Sindh Muslim League working committee is held at the residence of Khan Bahadur Muhammad Ayub KHuhro in which matters relating to SIndh Legislative Assembly are discussed and decision are taken in this regard. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

June 29^th: Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”.The sitting was presided by Ali Muhammad Abbasi [Gul Hayat Collection

 

July 1^st: Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan, strongly criticized the communal note in the speeches of some students at the Conference of the Lyallpur District Muslim Student’s Federation. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 4^th: The conference of Hindu Leader which was held in Benares, considered the riots situation in India and come to the conclusion that Hindus should organize volunteer defense association in their words, or groups of villages. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya addressed the conference and among others Dr. Sherma Prasad Mukherjee, Master Tara Singh and Dr. B.S. Moonji were present. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 4^th: The conference of Hindu leaders which was held in Benares, considered the riots situation in India and came to the conclusion that Hindus should organize volunteer defense association in their wards or groups of villages for the purpose of warding off deliberate organized attacks upon them Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya addressed the conference and among others Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Master Tara Singh and Dr. B.S. Moonje were present. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 4th: The Sind Government by a Gazette Extraordinary bound the Muslim League Conference at Sakrand, scheduled to commence on July 6, under the presidentship of Maulana Zaffar Ali Khan, M.L.A. (Central) as the locality was declared a Cholera infected area. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 5^th: In his secret letter to the Viceroy of India, The Governor of Sindh apprises him of the role played by Sindh Press. He writes “ The tone of the Press and the presentation of the war news is strongly anti-Nazi. The German invasion of Russia has been condemned in very bitter terms by the entire Press; it is regarded as an exhibition of Nazi lust for territory and materials and a proof of the hollowness of Hitler’s pacts and promises. The attack is regarded as entirely unprovoked. The consensus of opinion seems to be that it is an act of a man in a desperate mood. While papers with loyal tendencies regard this new venture of Nazi Germany as the beginning of its end, quite a number of papers express doubts as to the effectiveness of Russian resistance. It is regarded that Germany’s pre-occupation with Russia will give England the much needed breathing space.
Comments on the Turko-German pact are divided the “Sind Observer” remarks that it has been signed under duress, the “Daily Gazette” attaches no value to it, and the “Alwahid”, the only Muslim paper, to comment upon it, regards it as an honorable pact between two sovereign States.
There are some more comments on the banning of the Khaskar Movement. The “Sind Zamindar” States that the movement has been declared unlawful only on suspicion and adds that the activities of the Congress are more harmful than those of the Khaskars. The “Paigham-e-Sulh” and the “Bab-ul-Islam” appeal to the Government to remove the ban. These papers are of the Government to remove the ban. These papers are of the mofussil and are of minor importance. Only one paper indulged in objectionable comments, viz., “Hamdard” a Sindhi weekly of Hala, District Hyderabad, of small circulation. In the course of an article in this paper, it was observed that the Government of India had been misled by false propaganda against the Khaskars and that they wanted to wreak vengeance on the Muslims for the conditions brought about the Germany. The District Magistrate was requested to call the editor and warn him that such writings were actionable and should not be repeated. The paper has not written on the Khaskars after that. The Provincial Press Adviser had explained the attitude of the Government of India towards the movement to the editors of the Muslim dailies of Karachi and they have refrained from writing on this subject.
The resignation of Mr. K.M. Munshi from the Congress has drawn comments from a number of papers. Paper with pro-Congress tendencies foresee in Mr. Munshi’s resignation a revolt against Mr. Gandhi’s leadership, which is characterized as puerile. The “Karachi Daily” which is  edited by a Congressman, characterizes the present day Congress as a movement of religious mendicants.
The news about the circulation of the “Talking points on India”, prepared by the British Ministry of Information, was republished by the “Sind Observer” and the “Daily Gazette” from the “Hindu” of Madras. Both the papers condemned the views expressed in the “talking points” and regarded then as an insult to India and calculated to do much harm to the relationship of the two countries.”

[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th July, 1941.]  

 

 

July 5^th: Government secret report reveals that “The action taken in Syria has been welcomed while outbreak of war between Germany and Russia has been received by a general expression of relief, the reason for which it is not easy to understand. It is clear that the public as a whole do not appreciate the possible implications of the attack on Russia, but this is perhaps not to be wondered at. The immediate reaction appears to be spread of an impression that India has been freed from any immediate danger and this is unfortunate in so far as it intensifies the general feeling that India is still far from the war area and that active assistance to the war effort is therefore less urgent. The protestation against the inadequacy of the provincial preparations for air attacks and other defense measures have in great measures ceased. The A.R.P. preparation in Karachi have recently been inspected by the Government of India A.R.P. Officer and have been declared to be much below requirements and in part faulty in organization. As the province so far has received no expert advice in the matter, this is not altogether surprising”.  [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th July 1941.]

 

July 5^th: As per government secret reports “No Serious crime is reported during the fortnight. The robbery at Phul in Nawabshah District, which was mentioned in my last report, was committed by three men of whom one Urs Khaskeli was a particularly dangerous criminal, who was wanted for a number of crimes. There appears to have been a dispute among the robbers over the booty resulting in the death of Urs Khaskali. The other two men have been apprehended. In response to the persistent demand for the strengthening of the Police force, Government have decided to add 167 Head Constables and 365 Constables to the regular Police force and 41 Constables to the Railway Police force submission of complete re-organization schemes for each district by the Inspector-General of Police”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th July, 1941.]

 

July 6^th: K.B. Allah Bux Soomro, Premier of Sindh, in an interview at Lahore, while appealing for communal unity and advocating that Party propaganda should cease for the duration of the war, said that ‘any gesture from the British Government towards Indian aspirations would be in the interest of Britain herself at this junctures’. (Source: The Indian Annual Register, Voll-11, 1941)

July 6^th: Muslim League propaganda in the mofussil is on the increase but a large conference which was to have been held in the Nawabshah District on the 6th July  has been banned on account of an outbreak of cholera.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 6^th: Mr. K. M. Munshi in the course of a statement to the press (from Bombay) appealing for an “Akhand (undivided) Hindustan front” said “ An a time like the present unless the country as a whole takes immediate steps to put the house in order it may find itself in the gravest danger.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 6^th:Mahatma Gandhi issued a statement to the press from Wardhaganj restating the position as regards the Satyagraha movement that it was not intended to embrass authority in any way. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 6^th:Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh, Premiere of Sind in an interview at Lahore, while appealing for communal unity and advocating that party propaganda should cease for the duration of the war, said that any “any gesture from the British Government towards Indian aspirations would be in the interest of Britain herself at this juncture. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 7^th: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, who arrived at Lahore from Peshawar on his way to Wardha was met at the railway station by Miah Iftikhar-ud-Din. President of the Punjab Provincial Congress Committee and Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh Premiere of Sind. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 10^th: In the House of Commons, Mr. Amery in the course of a reply to Mr. Sorenson, said that he could not accept Mr. Soreson’s inference with regard to the effect of the altered international situation upon the political deadlock in India. In any case, he was not in a position to make any fresh statement on the subject. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

July 12^th: The Sind Provincial Hindu Mahasabha held a meeting at Karachi at which resolutions were passed urging the Hindus in the mofussil to Endeavour to secure arms licenses for their protection and requesting Government to enforce adequate measures to protect Hindu life and property. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 13^th: The Sind Provincial Hari Committee has opened a central office in Karachi, which is intended to ventilate the grievances of “haris” all over the province. There was a strike in the Sind Flour Mills, where 98 out of the 105 workers went on strike. Their demands were for a minimum wage of Rs. 30/-, the provision of clothing and the granting of loans on the security of the workers’ Provident Fund. The strikes was called off the next day and the matter referred to arbitration. The East India Tramways Employees’ Union have issued handbills requesting the public of Karachi to help the tramways employees in securing their demands. The handbill criticized the management for alleged indifference to the demands of the workers.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

 

July (Second Half):Sindh Government secret papers through right on the performance of sindhi Press “The announcement of the expansion of the Viceroy’s Executive Council and the formation of the National Defense Council has not been received favorably. The Hindu press as well as the Muslim papers showed dissatisfaction at what they call “belated and perfunctory expansion” The only paper which defended the step was the “Daily Gazette” That paper, however, also referred to the “inherent defect” of the scheme as it dealt with individuals instead of parties, but it  emphasized that the features of the majority of Indians and non-officials in the Executive Council of His Excellency the Viceroy. The “Sind Observer” wrote a series of articles condemning the expansions. It characterized the stop as “more eye wash” its main theme being that Swaraj was as distant from India after the announcement as it was before it. The “Hindu” characterized the stop as another attempt on the part of the British Government to Keep India under its meet. The “Hayat” and “Alwahid” two Muslim papers opine that the gentleman selected are not true representatives of the people. The nomination of the Premiere of Sind on the National Defense Council is adversely commented upon in the nationalist press. The “Hindu” observed that this was not consistent with the policy of the Congress whose member are supporting the present Government and even exhorted the Congress M.L.As to resign as a measure of protest.
The proceedings of the Non-Party Conference have received due publicity and its resolutions have been generally welcomed. The “Sind Observer” has been particularly eloquent in paying tributes to the politicians who took part in the Conference. The Muslim papers have not, however, shown any enthusiast and remarks that the Conference was convened by Hindu Leaders to safeguards their own interests.

War news continues to occupy the most prominent place. There is general admiration for the way in which Russia is holding on and there is keen sympathy for the Russian struggle. The news ordering the freezing of the Japanese assets in the United States of America and England has been generally welcomed. The headlines and comments are anti-Japanese, and it is generally stated that if Japan is indiscreet enough to enter the war it will mean her downfall”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of July 1941, 5th August, 1941.]

 

July (Second Half): Sindh Government secret papers through right on the performance of Sindhi Press “The “V” Sign has been adopted by the two leading papers of Karachi, the “Sind Observer” and the “Daily Gazette”. War news is portrayed in headings showing much sympathy with Russia. Japan’s menacing moves in the Far East have been universally condemned. The “Sind Observer” observes that it is impossible for Japan to wage war against ABCD powers, (meaning America, Britain, China, and Dutch East Indies), at this juncture The “Daily Sind News” fools that if Britain and America were to warn Japan, she would come to her senses. The meeting between Mr. Churchchill and President Roosevelt has received much publicity and the joint statement issued on the Allies war aims has been prominently displayed. The “Sind Observer” in a leading article, appeals to Mr. Churchill to “take the earliest opportunity to announce on behalf of “His Majesty’s Government that India, too, will be free “of British domination like the rest of the world as soon as “Hitlerism is crushed” The same paper also remarks that with such liberal peace aims it would be surprising if Hitler does not lay down his arms.
The passage of the India and Burma Postponement of Election Bill has been unfavorably commented upon. The Main line of argument is that if Canada and Australia could hold general elections right in the midst of the war, there should be no excuse to deprive the Indian electorate of this right. The “Sind Observer”, in its “ Shot and Shell” column, remarks that “The talk of communal trouble is only a smoke-screen and that the fact is that Lord linlithgow and Mr. Amery are mortally afraid of Congress coming into power in 8 or 9 province once more.”
Mr. Amery’s recent speech in the Parliament has also been adversely commented upon. The “Daily Gazette” observed that “to those who have been pleading that India should be persuaded at any cost to identify in heart and soul with the cause of war and war effort the orations and perorations of the Secretary of State in the House of Commons will cause deep disappointment.” The “Sind Observer” remarks that although the British Government have emphasized that it is for Indian political parties and other non-parties to frame the future constitution of India after the war there is no undertaking given that such constitution will be necessarily accepted by the British Government. The “Hindu” stated that the only redeeming feature in Mr. Amery’s speech was that he opposed the Pakistan scheme.
Commenting on Mr. Jinnah’s threat of disciplinary action against the League Premiers, the “Daily Gazette” appealed to Mr. Jinnah “to revise his policy and program so as to be in line with the mental working of his followers.” The “Sind Observer” remarked that Mr. Jinnah will dig the grave of Muslim League in Assam, Bengal and the Punjab by the action contemplated against their Premiere. No Muslim paper, except “Zamana” has commented upon this topic. The “Zamana” approves of the independent outlook of Mr. Jinnah.
The instructions of the chief Press Adviser that the news regarding the activities of the allowed to appear were conveyed to all the newspaper. In the Reuters message if the July 31^st July, mention was made of the activities of the enemy agents in man and North-west Frontier. The “Sind Observer” omitted reference to the North-West Frontier. The “Hindu”, “Sansar Samachar”, “Alwahid”, and “Qurbani”, all daily papers of Karachi, however, included the news in their headlines. They were told not to repeat this in future. It was unfortunate that reference to the North-West Frontier was not excluded from Reuters Message.”[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of July 1941, 5th August, 1941.]

 

July 16^th : one Srikant Kanthia, a native of Mysore, who had taken a prominent part in the recent strike of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporations and who had made attempts to bring out the employees of t other large concerns in support of the strikers, was ordered to be deported. The Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Union held a meeting to congratulate him on the deportation and the States Peoples’ Association organized a public meeting which was presided over by Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A. The order has since been cancelled on condition that Srikant Kanthia and his wife give an undertaking, backed by two sureties, that he will refrain from anti-war activities and will take no part in any strike for the duration of the war.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 19^th: Sital Kumar Hemrajani is born at Naseerabad after Partition he along with his family migrated to India and settled their in Mumbai. He earned his name and fame as writer, drama actor and director.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 22^nd : Action is taken against “Hindu” (Daily Sindhi of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account publication of incorrect number of air raid casualties in Britain during the month of April 1941. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5th August, 1941.]     

 

July 22^nd : Action is taken against “Alwahid” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account publication of incorrect number of air raid casualties in Britain during the month of April 1941. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 5th August, 1941.]    

 

 

July (Second Half) : Government secret report reveals that “Very Considerable interest is being displayed in connection with the struggle which taking place in Russia and increased attention is being paid to the radio news from Berlin, the reception of which however is not very good. The local Socialists and Communities are now taking the line that the attack on Russia makes it necessary for them to support the war. Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., the local labor leader, who claims Soviet Russia as his ‘Spiritual home’, convened a meeting which was attended by about two hundred persons, mostly laborers. The meeting passed resolutions condemning the German invasion of Russia, appealing to the Congress to direct its energies to assist Soviet Russia, requesting Government to releases and remove restrictions from all communist leader in order to enable them to work for the destruction of Hitlerism and asking Government to permit the sending of volunteers and money of Russia. Mr. N.A. Bechar and Mr. Abdul Kadir, President of the Sind Provincial Hari Committee, have issued instructions to “Haris” (cultivators) and laborers throughout the province to hold meetings and to condemn the invasion of Russia. Propaganda is also being carried on amongst the laborers, who have been asked to contribute one day’s wages for a war fund for soviet Russia and also to assist in recruitment for the war.

The general attitude to the war remains much the same. There is still considerable interest in the progress of events in Russia, but it is recognized that the situation there is very grave. There is general condemnation of the part Japan is seeking to play. District Congress Committees have received instructions that all Congress members in the Municipalities, Local body concerned votes any money for the War Purposes Fund and a proposal put forward in the Karachi Municipal Corporation that the Corporation should contributes Rs. 5000 to the War Fund was declared out of order by the Mayor mostly through the influence of the Congress members who would have been called upon to resign if the resolution had been carried. The Municipal Corporation is prepared to call upon both the Government of India and the Government of Sind to undertake heavy expenditure to protect the people of Karachi from air raids, but it is no prepared to do much else.
The freezing of Japanese assets in America and England is taken to portend the declaration of war between Japan and these countries. This has led to the apprehension that these countries. This has led to the apprehension that there will be a serious shortage of cloth. Consequently there is a great rush on the local cloth shops in Karachi and Hyderabad with a natural rise in prices”.  [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, the second half of July 1941 19th July, 1941.] 

July (Second Half) :In his fortnightly secret report, the governor of Sindh writes that “Congress propaganda included the usual Flag salutation ceremonies and a few meetings. Mahatma Gandhi is understood to have issued instructions to the Provincial Congress Committees that the principles of non-violence must be strictly followed even in the event of Congress members being attacked by dacoits. In pursuance of these instructions. Peace Brigades have been formed. Apart from the most fervent followers of Mahatma Gandhi, the people of the Province, however, are very skeptical of the efficacy of non-violence. The Hindus particularly are insistent in their demands for more gun licenses”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of July 1941, 5th August, 1941.]    

 

July  27^th : J.B.Kriplani, (Sindhi) General Secretary of the Congress, laid emphasis on the aspect of construction work by Satyagarahis as well as by those Congressmen, who did not sign the pledge, in the course of a circular issued to the several Congress Committees in the country. (Source: The Indian Annual Register, Vol-11, 1941).

 

July 27th : About 700 workers in the Asian Flour Mills struck work on the 25th July as a Protest against the refusal of the management to accept certain demands. The laborers resumed work on the same day as a results of negotiations by Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 27^th : The Muslim League held a few meetings. In one a resolution was passed asking the Muslim members of the Sind legislative Assembly to pass a vote of no-confidence against the Government for banning the Sakrand Conference. The League intends to call a conference at Sann in the Dadu District on the 27th instant. The City Muslim League, Karachi, has decided to concentrate on ventilating the grievances of the Muslim employees in Government services and exploring methods of employment for Muslims.[Gul Hayat Collection].

 

July 27^th: The Tilak week started that ended on 1^st August, “A number of Congress meetings were held in the Province. The audiences were mainly composed of Hindus. At some of these meetings the speakers indulged in anto-Britain and anti-war remarks. Swami Krishanand, while speaking in Karachi, depreciated the present inactivity on the part of the leaders and the policy of Mahatma Gandhi. He asserted that India that India could never obtain Swaraj unless she embraced the British Government. He added that non-violence could never bring about the freedom of any country. Another speaker referred to an article of professor Harold Laski in the “National Herald” and commended his observations that this war was being fought for world domination between two Imperialism. Tributes were paid to the part played by the late Mr. Tilak in the cause of India freedom and it was observed that he was the First Indian leader to realize that freedom for this country could be achieved only by suffering and not by clamoring for a few jobs and offices. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1941, 20th August, 1941.]  

 

July 27^th: Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July 27^th : J.B. Kriplani, G.S of the Congress laid emphasis on the aspect of construction work  by Satyagrahis as well as by those congress man, who did not sign the pledge in the corner of circular issue to the served Congress committees in the country. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

July (second Half): Swarms of locust have been observed in the Thar Parkar district and some have flown over the Nawabshah district and some have flown over the Nawabshah district although they have not done much damage so far. Steps are being taken to combat them. Heavy rains in the Desert Division of Mirpurkhas have done considerable damage to the standing cotton crop, but as the crops are still under water, a correct estimate of the damage cannot be made.
The locust menace is now more serious in Dadu and Thar Parkar districts and in addition to other measures, attempts are being made to defeat it by paying cultivators rupee one per bag for dead locusts killed in Thar Parkar district.
Cholera is still widespread and the number of cases of attacks and deaths up to the 16th August 1941 was 2,183 and 1089 respectively. Eight posts of S.S.M.S officers have been created to intensify preventive measures and all fairs and gatherings have been banned till the end of this month in all district but one.
There was a slight error in paragraph 2 of my report for the first half of July. A reference was made to the “local khaksar leader, Mian Ahmed Shah”. Mian Ahmed Shah is not a local man; he belongs to the North West Frontier Province. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of July 1941, 5th August, 1941.]

 

July 29^th: Mr. J.B. Kripalani, General Secretary of the Congress, laid emphasis on the aspect of constructive work by Satyagraha as well as by those Congressmen, who did not sign the pledge in the course of a circular issued to the several Congress Committees in the country. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 1st: “Hindu Mitar” monthly journal is founded in Sukkur with Wadhanmal Verma as its editor. This proved to be an organ of Hindu Relgion and created some communal problem and misunderstandings in the area.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

August 4^th: Acharya Kripalani, General Secretary of the Congress, observed at Wardhaganj; “Mr. Amery has spoken again. He seems to support that if he repeats himself often enough he will carry convictions.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 6^th: “Sindh Sagar Institute” is established at village Pir Jhando under the auspicious of “Jamna Narbida Sindh Sagar Party” of Moulana Obaidullah Sindhi. This institute remained very active for years and imported religious teaching and training to followers of Moulana Sindhi.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

August 7^th: Dr. Rabindra Nath Tagore, the poet, died at the age of 81 in his ancestral home in Calcutta. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 10^th: The all parties Sikh Conference held at Amritsar, passed a resolution condemning the policy of the Government for not including a Sikh in the expanded Executive Council of the Viceroy and the “extremely meager” representation of the community in the National Defense Council. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 12^th: Pandit Madan Mohan Malavayia in a statement from Banares, recommended the holding of public meetings on August 17, to repeat the condemnation of the Communal Award and Separate Communal Electorates. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 14^th: Sheikh Abdul Majid, ex-Minister and General Secretary of the Sind Provincial Muslim League in a statement from Karachi observed: “So long as the Muslim League does not call upon its members to withdraw from Provincial Legislatures and Provincial Cabinets, the Muslim League Premieres have to go and perform the duties devolving upon them in their official capacities .” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August (First Half): The City Muslim League, Karachi, held a meeting in which full confidence in the leadership of Mr. Jinnah and dissatisfaction at the exclusion of the Muslim League representatives in the Viceroy’s Executive Council were expressed. Mr. Shaikh Abdul Majid, M.L.A., ex-Minister, and General Secretary of the Sind Provincial Muslim League, In a statement to the press observed that the policy of the Muslim League is neither anti-war nor anti-non-violence. The League’s Policy is pro-war and it is prepared to co-operate with the British Government on certain conditions. Although these conditions had not been fulfilled, the Muslim League had not resorted to non-co-operation.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1941, 20th August, 1941.]     

August 16^th: Action is taken against Weekly “Sindhi” Sindhi of Sukkur by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publishing the news regarding Japanese leaving Karachi & asked to publish a correction. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

August (First Half): The Sind Press through light on the War situation. The “V” sign has been adopted by the two leading papers of Karachi, the ”Sind Observer” and the ”Daily Gazette”.  War now is portrayed in headlines showing much sympathy with Russia. Japan’s menacing moves in the Far East have been universally condemned. The ”Sind Observer”  observes that it is impossible for Japan to wage war against A B C D powers, (meaning America, Britain, China, and Dutch East Indies), at this juncture. The “Daily Sind News” feels that if Britain and American were to warn Japan `she would come to her senses. The meeting between Mr. Churchill and President Roosevelt has received much publicity and the joint statement issued on the Allies war aims has been prominently displayed. The ”Sind Observer”, in a leading article, appeals to Mr. Churchill to take the earliest opportunity to announce on behalf of “His Majesty’s Government that India, too, will be free “of British domination like the rest of the world as soon as “Hitlerism is crushed.” The same paper also remarks that with such liberal peace aims it would be surprising if Hitler does not lay down his arms.

 The passage of the India and Burma  Postponement of Elections Bill has been unfavorably commented upon. The main line of argument is that if Canada and Australia could hold general elections right in the midst of the war, there should be no excuse to deprive the Indian electorate of this right. The ”Sind Observer”, in its “Shot and Shell” column, remarks that “the talk of communal trouble is “only a smoke-screen and that the fact is that Lord Linlithgow “and Mt. Amery are mortally afraid of Congress coming into “power is 8 or 9 provinces once more.”

Mr. Amery’s recent speech in the Parliament has also been adversely commented upon. The “Daily Gazette” observed that “to those who have been pleading that India “should be persuaded at any cost to identify in heart and “soul with the cause of war and war effort the orations “and preparations of the Secretary of state in the House of “Commons will cause deep disappointment.” The ”Sind Observer” remarks that although the British Government have emphasized that it is for Indian political parties and other non-parties to from the future constitution of India after the war there is no undertaking given that such constitution will be necessarily accepted by the British Government. The “Hindu” stated that the only redeeming feature in Mr. Amir’s speech was that he opposed the Pakistan scheme.

Commenting on Mr. Jinnah’s threat of disciplinary action against the League Premiers, the ”Daily Gazette” appealed to Mr. Jinnah “to revise his policy and programmed “so as to be in line with the mental working of his followers”. The “Sind Observed” remarked that Mr. Jinnah will dig the grave of Muslim League in Assam, Bengal and the Punjab by the action contemplated against their Promiers. No Muslim papers, except “Zamana” has commented upon this topic. The “Zamana” approves of the independent outlook of Mr. Jinnah.

The instruction of the Chief Press Advisor that the news regarding the activities of the enemy agents on the North-West Frontier province should not be allowed to appear was conveyed to all the newspapers. In the Reuters to appear were conveyed to all the newspapers. In the Reuters message of the 31st July, mention was made of the activities of the enemy agents in man and North-west Frontier. The ”Sind Observer”  omitted reference to the North Frontier. The “Hindu”, “Sansar Samachar“, Al-Wahid”, and “Qurbani”, all daily papers of Karachi, however, included the news in their headlines. They were told not to repeat this in future. It was unfortunate that reference to the North-West Frontier was not excluded from Reuters Massage.

Concerning the Congress there is nothing of interest to report. The Sind Muslim League intends to hold a conference at Hyderabad in September 1941, and it is proposed to ask the Honorable Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan to preside. The League received the Government decision to ban the conference at Sakrand in the Nawabshah district with some resentment and Mr. M.A. Jinnah sent a wire to His Excellency the Governor asking for his intervention. In view of the large numbers of cholera cases in the neighboring districts of Larkana, Dadu, and Sukkur and of the fact that cases were occurring in the Nawabshah district itself, it would have been most inadvisable to allow the conference to be held.

The tone of the Press is satisfactory and the presentation of the war news strongly anti-Nazi. The news of the Syrian  armistice has been widely welcomed. The usual comments are that Germany left Syria in the Lurch after engineering a revolt and making many promises. The ”Sind Observer” remarks that with the armistice with Syria, the command of the Eastern Mediterranean by the British navy is complete. Russian resistance to Germany is being applauded and the Anglo-Russian pact is regarded as a wise measure which will infuse the Russians with fresh hopes and energy. The “Daily Gazette‘s” remarks that” the pact opens the final chapter to complete ” the Nazi overthrow” is echoed in the vernacular Press. The appointment of General Sir Arochibald Wavell as Commander-in -chief in India has been favorably commented upon. It is also regarded as a proof of the impending danders to Injdia. No enthusiasm is being shown in the expansion of the Viceroy’s Executive Council or the formation of the War advisory Committee. The consensus of opinion is that the expansion will not alter the nature of the Government of India which is run on bureaucrat ion lines. The extension of the term of the Central Legislative Assembly by one year has been deprecated. The ” Sind Observer” remarks that Government is afraid of the power of Congress and therefore fights of general election. [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 19^th  July 1941, Fortnightly Report for the First Half of July 1941].

 

August (Second Half): The Government secret correspondence put press role on the record. The Roosevelt- Churchill meetings and joint declaration was published in banner headlines in all the newspapers. It was hailed as a historical statement giving in a nut-shall and precise language the allied war aims. The declaration has been criticized in one aspect only that it did not contain any reference to India. The ”Daily Gazette” remarked that the “Roosevelt-Churchill statement is about the finest “Piece of news the world has had since the beginning of the war.” The ”Hindu”  remarked that the oppressed and tyrannized countries of the world would find solace in the eight points of the declaration. The “Hindu Sansar” appealed to the British Government to concede immediately the Congress demand in respect of the constituent Assembly. The “Qurbani”  failed to understand why British Government was so solicitous of the rights and freedom of the small European countries when it paid no heed whatsoever to the demands of 40 millions of India’s inhabitants. The ”Daily Gazette” characterize Mr. Churchill’s broadcast as an inspired and inspiring message of hope and enthusiasm, but regretted that Mr. Churchill again missed the opportunity of pacifying Indian opinion.

The reactions to the Anglo-Soviet military action in Iran have been favorable. The ”Sind Observer” remarked the advantages of mobilizing full Russian strength would have been lost had the Allies hesitated “without marching into Iran and made a present of it “to Hitler”. The ”Daily Gazette” hopes that the world of Islam will bless the Anglo-Russian expedition in Iran. All the Hindu papers supported the British move and characterized it as necessary for India’s security. The Muslim papers made no comments for 2 or 3 days. They merely published the news from Iran. Apparently they were watching to see the reactions of the Muslim papers in the Punjab. The “Al-Wahid”, Hayat”, and ”Zamana” Expressed regret on the attack of Iran and opined that it was not necessary. The ”Zamana” in a subsequent article, which was strongly worded, expressed similar, views taking its from the ”Shahbaz” published news to the effect that nearly 250 Iranis living in Karachi will be intervened, the hotels of Iranis will be closed and the Iran Consul, residing in Karachi, will be give a passport to Iran. The attention of editors of these papers was drawn to this news. They were asked to disclose their “source of information”. which they have not done so far, and also informed them that it was most undesirable that such rumors should be given currency. The resolution passed by the Working Committee of the Muslims League on Iran has not found in any newspapers. Satisfaction is being expressed at the Later development in Iran by all the papers.

The announcement of the expansion of the viceroy’s Executive Council and the formation of the National Defense Council has not been received favorably. The Hindu press as well as the Muslim papers showed dissatisfaction at what they call “belated and perfunctory expansion.” The only paper which defended the step was the ”Daily Gazette”. That paper, however, also referred to the “inherent defect” of the scheme as it dealt with individuals instead of parties, but it emphasized that the feature of the majority of Indians and non-officials in the Executive Council of His Excellency the Viceroy. The “Sind Observed” wrote a series of articles condemning the expansion. It characterized the stop as “mere eye wash”, its main theme being that Swaraj was as distant from India after the announcement as it was before it. The “Hindu” characterized the, stop as another attempt on the part of the British Government to keep India under its heel. The “Hayat” and “Al-Wahid” , two Muslim papers, opine that the gentlemen selected are not true representatives of the people. The nomination of the Premier of Sind on the National Defense Council is adversely commented upon in the nationalist press. The “Hindu” observed that this was not consistent with the policy of the Congress whose members are supporting the present Government and even exhorted the Congress M.L.As. to resign as a measure of protest.

The tone of the Press and the presentation of the war news is strongly anti-Nazi. The German invasion of Russia has been condemned in very bitter terms by the entire Press, it is regarded as a exhibition of Nazi lust for territory and materials and a proof of the hollowness of Hitler’s pacts and  promises. The attack is regarded as entirely unprovoked. The consensus of opinion seems to be that it is an act of man in a desperate mood. While papers with loyal tendencies regard this new venture of Nazi Germany as the beginning of the end, quite a numbers of papers express doubts as to the effectiveness of Russian resistance. It is regarded that Germany’s pre-occupation with Russia will give England the much needed breathing spaces.   [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 5^th  July 1941, Fortnightly Report for the Second Half of June 1941].

Comments on the Turko-German Pact are divided. The “Sind Observer” remarks that it has been signed under duress, the ”Daily Gazette “attaches no value to it, and the “Al-Wahid”, the only Muslim paper, to comment upon it, regards it as an honorable pact between two sovereign States.

The Roosevelt-Churchill meeting and joint declaration was published in banner headlines in all the newspapers of Sindh. It was hailed as a historic statement giving in a nut-shall and precise language the allied war aims. The declaration has been criticized in one aspect only-that it did not contain any reference to India. The “Daily Gazette” remarked that the “Roosevelt-Churchill statement is about the finest “piece of news the world has had since the beginning “of the war”. The “Hindu” remarked that the oppressed and tyrannized countries of the world would find solace in the eight points of the declaration. The “Hindu Sansar” appealed to the British Government to concede immediately the Congress demand in respect of the Constituent Assembly. The “Qurbani” failed to understand why British Government was so solicitous of the rights and freedom of the small European countries when it paid no heed whatsoever to the demand of 40 millions of India’s inhabitants. The “Daily Gazette” characterized Mr. Churchill’s broadcast as an inspired and inspiring message of hope and enthusiasm, but regretted that Mr. Churchill again missed the opportunity of pacifying Indian opinion.  The reactions to the Anglo-Soviet military action in Iran have been favorable. The “Sind Observer” remarked “the advantages of mobilizing full Russian “strength would have been lost had the Allies hesitated “without marching into Iran and made a present of it “to Hitler.” The “Daily Gazette” hoped that the world of Islam will bless the Anglo-Russian expedition in Iran. All the Hindu papers supported the British move and characterized it as necessary for India’s security. The Muslim papers made no comments for 2 and 3 days. They merely published the news from Iran. Apparently they were watching to see the reactions of the Muslim papers in the Punjab. The “Alwahid”, “Hayat”, and “Zamana” expressed regret on the attack of Iran and opined that it was not necessary. The “Zamana” in a subsequent article, which was strongly worded, expressed similar views taking it’s from the “Shahbaz” of Lahore. The “Nizam”, “Hindus Sansan”, and “Sansar Samacher” published news to the effect that nearly 250 Iranis living in Karachi will be interned, the hotels of Iranis will be-closed and the Iran Censual, residing in Karachi, will be given a passport to Iran. The attention of editors of these papers was drawn to this news. They were asked to disclose their “source of information”, which they have not done so far and also informed them that it was most undesirable that such rumors should be given currency. The resolution passed by the working Committee of the Muslim League on Iran has not found play in any newspaper. Satisfaction is being expressed at the later developments in Iran by all the papers. [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 6^th September 1941, Fortnightly Report for the Second Half of August 1941].

 

August 17^th: At a meeting of the Working Committee of the Punjab Muslim League held at Lahore a resolution reiterating full confidence in the leadership of Mr. Jinnah as President of All India Muslim League and of Sir Sikander Hyat Khan as the Premiere of Punjab was passed. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 20^th : Government secret report reveal that “Interest in the war news has become somewhat more marked and there is much sympathy for Russia and much admiration for the way in which the German attack has so far been withstood. The drive in the Ukraine has, however, raised some apprehension and there is considerable speculation whether Russia will be able to preserve her front in that region and whether Germany will be in a position to threaten India through Iran. The approach of the Karachi War Fete and Sind War week which is proposed to be celebrated in the beginning of September has received interest in the districts and at a meeting of the District War Committee held at Nawabshah in order to give publicity to the weak, the District Magistrate addressed the audience on the general war situation with the result that considerable subscription were promised. In Mirpurkhas also Rs. 5000 were collected at a recent meeting of the District War Committee. The “V” Campaign has been taken up in right earnest in Karachi where the symbol is to be seen on telegraph poles, on the gates of houses and cars. Some prominent citizens in Karachi have embossed the letter on their note paper and letter stamped with “V” are seen everywhere”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 20^th August, 1941.]

 

August (Second Half): The government reports on the war reveal that “the war continues to be the main topic of interest and the progress of events in Russia and Iran has been very keenly watched. The Hindu section of the population of the province appeared on the whole to welcome the timely action taken by the British and Russian forces in Iran and to consider that it was essential both for Britain and India to eradicate the Nazi influence in Iran. Muslims, on the other hand, showed some concern at the entry into Iran, but this feeling has given place to one of relief that the outbreak of serious and prolonged hostilities has been avoided”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1941, 6th September, 1941.]

 

August (Second Half): The Sindh Government reports about the press that “The Roosevelt-Churchill meeting and joint declaration was published in banner headlines in all the newspaper. It was hailed as a historic statement giving in a nut-shell and precise language the allied war arms. The declaration has been criticized in one aspect only that it did not contain any reference to India. The “Daily Gazette” remarked that the “Roosevelt-Churchill statement is about the finest piece of news the world has had since the beginning of the War.” The “Hindu” remarked that the oppressed and tyrannized countries of the world would find solace in the eight points of the declaration. The “Hindu Sansar” appealed to the British Government to concede immediately the Congress demand in respect of the Constituent Assembly. The “Qurbani” failed to understand why British Government was so solicitous of the rights and freedom of the small European countries when its paid no head whatsoever to the demand of 40 millions of India’s inhabitants. The “Daily Gazette” characterized. Mr. Churchill again missed the opportunity of pacifying Indian opinion.
The reaction to the Anglo-Soviet military action in Iran have been favorable. The “Sind Observer” remarked “the advantage of mobilizing full Russian strength would have been lost had the Allies hesitated without marching into the Iran and made a present of it to Hitler. The “Daily Gazette” hoped that the world of Islam will bless the Anglo-Russian expedition in Iran. All the Hindu papers supported the British move and characterized it as necessary for India’s security. The Muslim papers made no comments for 2 or 3 days. They merely published the news from Iran. Apparently they were watching to see the reactions of the Muslim papers in the Punjab. The “Alwahid”, “Hayat”, and “Zamana” expressed regret o the attack of Iran and opined that it was not necessary. The “Zamana” in a subsequent article, which was strongly worded, expressed similar views taking its due from the “Shahbaz” of Lahore. The “Nizam”, “Hindu Sansar” and “Sansar Samachar” published news to the effect that nearly 250 Iranis living in Karachi will be interned, the hotels of Iranis will be closed and the Iran Censual, residing in Karachi, will be given a passport to Iran. The attention of editors of these papers was draw to this news. They were asked to disclose their “source of information”, which they have not done so far, and also informed then that it was most undesirable that such rumors should be given currency. The resolution passed by the Working Committee of the Muslim League on Iran has not found place in any newspaper. Satisfaction is being expressed at the later development in Iran by all the papers”.  [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1941, 6th September, 1941.]

 

August 23^rd : Action is taken against “Alwahid” (Daily Sindhi of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account of publishing the news regarding the control of the Karachi Sehwan road by the Military authorities.. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

August 23^rd: The All-India Ahrar Tabliq Conference concluded its session in New Dehli. Maulana Azarali Mazhar, speaking at the Conference, reviewed the political situation in the country and the efforts made by the different organizations to come to an understanding acceptable to all communities and how these had proved a failure. He added that the time had arrived for the Ahrars to take a definite decision in order to achieve their goal. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 28^th: The Radical Democratic Party of Karachi organized meeting in which speeches were made condemning the Nazi invasion of Russia, criticizing the Congress for its attitude towards war and exhorting people to give aid to Russia and Britain to destroy Nazism. It is understood that the Party hopes to organize a Soviet Fund and that laborers will be approached to contribute one piece each to the Fund . [Gul Hayat Collection].

 

August 29^th: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, President of the Indian National Congress wired to Mr. P. Tahilramani : “I consider it advisable on the part of the Sind Congress to demand Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh’s resignation from the Defense Council.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

August 31^st: Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh” sitting was presided over by Abdul Khaliq.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

August 31^st: Mr. V. D. Savarkar, President of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha, speaking at a reception given to him in Bombay declared: “When the Muslim League demands more than the pound of flesh on behalf of the Muslims, the Congress as a national organization will not be able to speak on behalf of the Hindus and therefore a separate organization of the Hindus is very essential. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September: As per Reports the Sind Muslim League intends to hold a conference at Hyderabad in September 1941, and it is proposed to ask the Honorable Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan to preside. The League received the Government decision to ban the conference at Sakrand in the Nawabshah district with some resentment and Mr. M. A. Jinnah sent a wire to His Excellency the Governor asking for his intervention. In view of the large number of cholera cases in the neighboring districts of Larkana, Dadu, and Sukkur and of the fact that cases were occurring in the Nawabshah district itself, it would have been most inadvisable to allow the conference to be held. [Gul Hayat Collection].

 

September: in his fortnightly secret report send by the Governor of Sindh to the Viceroy of India, he writes that concerning the Congress there is nothing of interest to report. The Sind Muslim League intends to hold a conference at Hyderabad in September 1941, and it is proposed to ask the Honorable Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan to preside. The League received the Government decision to ban the conference at Sakrand in the Nawabshah district with some resentment and Mr. M. A. Jinnah sent a wire to His Excellency the Governor asking for his intervention. In view of the large number of cholera cases in the neighboring districts of Larkana, Dadu, and Sukkur and of the fact that cases were occurring in the Nawabshah district itself, it would have been most inadvisable to allow the conference to be held. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, the second half of July 1941, 19th July, 1941.] 

 

September 3^rd: Moulana Muhammad Aaqil breathes his last. He was born on 5^th September 1851. He remained teacher in Larkana Madressa High School and Khairpur High School. He also remained editor of “Al-Haq” and “KhairKhuwah”. He was one of the outstanding freedom fighter and took active part in Khilafat movement. He was poet also. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September 3^rd: Sir Ramaswami Mudaliar, Commerce Member, Government of India, observed at Karachi : “ I am revealing to secret when I say that the members of the continuous thought and in continuous thought and in continuous anxiety over the political situation in the country. Nobody is sorrier than the Viceroy about the political deadlock and I can speak with personal knowledge and full sense of responsibility when I say that the fact will be revealed sooner or later to the public that the Viceroy has spared no pains and no trouble in striving to resolve that deadlock. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September, 4^th: The Provincial Press Adviser convened a Conference of Muslim editors on the 4^th instant, in which the editor of “Zamana” was also present. The Provincial Press Adviser discussed the Iranian situation with the editors and explained the circumstances which necessitated British precautionary measures in Iran. After the 4^th September no comments on the Iranian situation have appeared in any local Muslim paper. The Statement of the Secretary of State for India in the House of Commons on the postponement of Election will was not favorably received. It was argued that the plea of communal tension was not tenable for there were no communal riots in the last elections to the Provincial Assemblies. The “Hindu” in a loading article has drawn the attention of the authorities to the large number of Sindhi merchants doing business in foreign countries and suggested that they should be repatriated. It also requested Government to warn Indians living in foreign countries to return to their homes and to arrange for their safe departure before it is too late. The “Hayat” has expressed dissatisfaction at on the length of  ‘Kirpans’ and urged that if Government do not wish to withdrew these orders they should at least permit Muslims in Sind to carry swords for self-define

 

September 6^th: The Sind War week and Karachi War Fete ended on September the 14th and as per governmental reports reveals that event “can only be described as a great success. In most districts well attended meetings were held at which speeches and addresses on war subjects were made and responses to appeals for funds were generously met, particularly in the Nawabshah District where some Rs. 60,000 were collected and in Jacobabad District which contributed approximately Rs. 40000. The fete in Karachi, which was opened by His Excellency the Governor on the 6th September by a speech in which the people of Sind were exhorted to shed their complacency and to redouble their efforts to assist the war effort to do all in their power to bring war to a successful conclusion went with a very considerable swing. The fete included Naval, Military and Air Force displays and proved a great attraction, very large numbers of people attending throughout the week while on the closing day about 25000 persons paid for admission. No doubt many attended by reason of the attractions provided by the Amusement Park, etc, but nonetheless, the Army and Air Force exhibits received very great attention and the displays must have had excellent propaganda effect. A.R.P. demonstrations were given and the Civic Guards were very usefully employed throughout the week. The week will be followed by a number of sporting events, also staged in support of war funds, and it is hoped that the total gross receipts will be in the neighborhood of Rs. 2 ½ lakhs”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1941, 22nd September, 1941.]

 

September 6^th: Acharya Kripalani, General Secretary of the Congress, presiding over a Khadi and Village Industries Parishad in Bombay, discussed the question of centralization of industry as it affected the country at the present and in the future when India would be politically free. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September 7^th: The meeting of the Working Committee of Sindh Muslim League is held.

 

September 8^th: President Sindh Provincial Muslim league, sends to the President of  All-India Muslim League a copy of the Resolution No. 2 passed by the Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League in its meeting held on 7^th September 1941 with request that As the said resolution relates to the All India Muslim League, I have thought it fit to pass it on to you. The Resolution is “in view of the latest developments in the International situation and significant utterance of the Secretary of State for India in connection with the demands of the Muslim League, this meeting of the Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League requests the Council of the All India Muslim League to reconsider the Resolution No. 5 of the Working Committee of the All India Muslim League passed at its meeting on 31^st August, 1^st and 2^nd September 1940 and revise its attitude towards the War efforts of the Government.”

 

September 8^th: The question of the Congress Assembly Party’s attitude to the Premiere Khan Bahadur Alla Bux, in view of his having joined the National Defense Council was considered at a meeting of the Council of the said Provincial Congress. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September 9^th: Acharya Kripalani, General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee, said in Bombay, “People to-day may not recognize it, but history will record that Mahatama Gandhi’s action was the greatest stroke of genius”. He added, “We certainly cannot be charged with deserting the country and we have not committed any error of judgement. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September 10^th:Five public meetings mostly attended by students were held. Speeches eulogizing the services of Mahtma Gandhi were made. Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A., speaking at one of the meetings, remarked that the British Government had created Hindu-Muslim disorders by introducing separate electorates and communal ratios in the services. A congress Conference was held Khanpur, Shikarpur Taluka, Sukkur district, on the 10th and 11th September under the Chairmanship of Dr. Gobindram Punjabi. It was attended by about 500 persons on each day. The main speaker was Mr. C.T. Valecha, M.L.A., who indulged in some anti-British remarks and said that India was being unnecessarily dragged into the war. Resolutions were passed requesting Government to control the abnormal rise in the prices of foodstuffs and other articles and to grant more gun license to the villagers and deploring the alleged attitude of the British Government in not paying need to the welfare of Indian people.[Gul Hayat Collection].

 

September 10^th: Begum Shah Nawaz, Parliamentary Secretary, Punjab announced her decision of not resigning from the National Defense Council. She was called upon by the Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League to do so with him ten days. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September 14^th: Khan Bahadur Alla Bux, Premiere of Sind and Mr. R. K. Sidhwa Leader of the Sind Congress Assembly Party, discussed the Sind situation in all its aspects with Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Acharya Kripalani. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September (First Half): The Prime Minister’s statement on India evoked much hostile criticism. While some papers admired Mr. Churchill for his frankness, nearly all took the attitude of  did I not tell you before, in observing that the Atlantic charter did not include India within its orbit and that Mr. Attlee’s statement that the colored races were not excluded from the operation of the Atlantic declaration was nullified by Mr. Churchill’s declaration. The “Daily Gazette” regards the statement as a “challenge to the present generation of Indians to answer the simple question whether they want Swaraj and if so whether they are prepared to take it.” The “Karachi Daily” appeals to the Congress and the Muslim league to sacrifice their pet theories and to come closer together and to emulate Britain which is prepared to sacrifice all to preserve its freedom. The recent broadcast of President Roosevelt had a very good press. The rumor of an imminent attack on Turkey by –Germany was regarded to be very serious. The Muslim papers expressed the hope that Turkey will take a decision after considerable thought and will give a load to other Muslim countries. The “Zamana” in a loading article under the caption “Narrow-Minded Attitude of Britain towards Afghanistan” expressed apprehension at the mention of the existence of a few Germans in Afghanistan and the arrival of Amir Amanullah Khan is Berlin and hoped that the attention paid to this did not mean the taking of military stops against Afghanistan. . [Sour [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 22^nd September 1941, Fortnightly Report for the Second Half of September 1941].

 

September (First Half):The Governor of Sindh, apprising Viceroy of India  Congress activities writes that ” The celebrations following “Gandhi Jayanti” which consisted of thirty three Congress meetings, a number of ‘prabhat pheris’ and processions has given an impetus to Congress propaganda in the province. The presence at some of the meetings of Dr. Choithram P. Gidwani, President of the Sind Provincial Congress Committee, Hashoo T. Kewalramani and other Congressman, who were undergoing sentences under the Defense of India Rules, and have been recently released, led to an outburst of anti-British feelings. Dr. Choithram declared that he was anxious to see the end of British rule in the same way as the British wanted to see the end of Hitler, Swami Krishnanand, leader of the Forward Bloc, in one of the public meetings convened to celebrate “Gandhi Jayanti”dubbed all those who gave help to Britain in this war as “Shaitans” Mr. R. K. Sidhwa remarked that the British had entered Iran with Imperialistic motives. Dr. Choithram P. Gidvani is touring the province addressing public meetings. He has been expressing regret at the decision of Mahatma Gandhi to exclude Sind from the pale of Satyagraha. The students of Karachi held a public meeting to congratulate Hashu T. Kewalramani and Kazi Mujtaba, the former on his premature release and the latter on the removal of the order restricting him to a village in the Karachi District. Speeches were made exhorting the students to line up with anti-Imperialistic forces, and to foster Hindu-Muslim unity. The Sind Assembly Congress Party met recently and approved of the decision of the All-India Congress Parliamentary Board and Mahatma Gandhi to continue support to the present Ministry, in spite of the fact that the Premier continues to be a member of the National Defense Council. It disapproved the action of Mr. R. K. Sidhwa in accompanying the Honorable Premiere to Wardha without consulting the members of the party and it is understood that Mr. Sidhwa has apologized. It also passed resolutions expressing satisfaction at the application of the Jagirdari Act to the whole of the Province and urging Government to grant immediate relief to the people of Rohri Division whose crops have failed owing to water deficiency” . [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1941, 17th October, 1941.]

 

September (First Half): The Sindh Government reports about the role of press. It is said that “The Prime Minister’s Statement on India evoked much hostile criticism. While some papers admired Mr. Churchill for his freakiness, nearly all took the attitude of ‘did I not tell you before’ in observing that the Atlantic Charter did not include India within its orbit and that Mr. Attlee’s statement as a “challenge to the present generation of Indians to answer the simple question whether they want Swaraj and if so whether they are prepared to take it. “The Karachi Daily” appeals to the congress and the Muslim League to sacrifice their pet theories and to come closer together and to emulate Britain which prepared to sacrifice all to preserve its freedom.
The recent broadcast of President Roosevelt had a very good press. The rumor of an imminent attack on Turkey by Germany was regarded to be very serious. The Muslim papers expressed the hope that Turkey will take a decision after considerable thought and will give a lead to other Muslim countries. The“Zamana” in a leading article under the caption “Narrow Minded Attitude of Britain against Afghanistan” expressed apprehension at the mention of the existence of a few Germans in Afghanistan and arrival of Amir Amanullah Khan in Berlin and hoped that the attention paid to this did not mean the taking of military steps against Afghanistan.
The Provincial Press Adviser convened a Conference of Muslim editors on the 4^th instant, in which the editor of “Zamana” was also present. The Provincial Press Adviser discussed the Iranian situation with the editors and explained the circumstances which necessitated British precautionary measures in Iran. After the 4^th September no comments on the Iranian situation have appeared in any local Muslim paper. The statement of the Secretary of State for India in the House of commons on the postponement of Election Bill was not favorably received. It was argued that the plea of communal tension was not tenable for there were no communal riots in the last elections to the Provincial Assemblies. The “Hindu” in a leading articles has drawn the attention of the authorities to the large number of Sindhi merchants doing business in foreign countries and suggested that they should be repatriated. It also requested Government to warn Indians living in foreign countries to return to their homes and to arrange for their safe departure before it is too late. The “Hayat” has expressed dissatisfaction at the orders of Government removing the former restriction on the length of “Kirpans” and urged that if Government do not wish to withdraw these orders they should at least permit Muslims in Sind to carry swords for self-defense”.    [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1941, 22nd September, 1941.]

September (First Half):As per Governmental reports “In a few Congress meetings held in the fortnight under report stress was laid on the Congress constructive program, particularly Hindu-Muslim unity. Congressmen, as a whole, seem to be exercised over the increased war effort in the mofussil. It is understood that Professor Ghanshyam Jethanand, M.L.A., has sent his resignation from the Sind Legislative Assembly through the Sind Provincial Congress Committee as a mark of protest against the action of the Government in permitting local bodies to give contribution to the war funds. It is also understood that Messrs. Parsram Tahilram and Lalji Mehrotra (the latter an ex-Mayor of Karachi) have sent in their resignations from the Corporation to the All-India Congress Committee for approval and transmission to the Mayor of Karachi, as a result of the decision of the Karachi Municipal Corporation to give flags and buntings free for the Karachi War Fete. The Muslim League is jubilant over the resignation of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan and Sir Muhammad Saadullah from the National Defense Councul and resolutions were passed at public meetings held in Karachi and Larkana expressing full confidence in Mr. Jinnah and congratulating Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan and Sir Muhammad Saadullah and Nawab of Chhatari on their resignations from the National Council”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1941, 22nd September, 1941.]

 

September 15^th: “Hindu Sahtiya”, monthly journal is founded by Lal Chand Arya at Sukkur. The Journal was the organ of Arya Samaj.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September 15^th: A meeting of about 200 workers of the Herman and Mohatta Workshop was held under the chairmanship of Mr. Naraindas A. Bechar, M.L.A., who informed the workers that the management was not willing to grant a dearness allowance to the workers. A notice of strike was handed over to the Management by Mr. N.A. Bechar to be put into effect of the dearness allowance was not granted.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September 18^th: The Hindu Mahasabha organized two poorly attended public meetings at Karachi on the 18th and 20th September in which the Congress was criticized for failing to safeguard the interests of Hindus. One Speaker stated that the separation of Sind had brought about much suffering and hardship to the Hindus. Another speaker remarked that an empire can only be maintained with the power of weapons and “Shastras”. A race could only live if it had strength and power. Hitler was succeeding because he had power. Hitler took pride in calling himself an Aryan. In Indian however, the Aryans were a fallen race.[Gul Hayat Collection]
September 19^th: About 150 ‘Bidi’ makers went to strike at Sukkur demanding an increase of Annas two per thousand ‘Bidis’ from the ‘Bidi’ shop proprietors. The proprietors accepted the demand of the strikers and the strike was called off on the 22nd September.[Gul Hayat Collection]

September 19^th : Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September 20^th: Khan Bahadur Alla Bux, interviewed on his mission to Wardha said in Bombay that the Congress Party in Sind would continue to lend support to the Sind Ministry in accordance with the instructions issued by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Mahatama Gandhi had made it clear that the Congress Party in the Sind Legislature would follow those instruction as there was nothing to warrant a review of policy. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

September (Second Half): The news of the abdication of Roza Shah was displayed in banner headlines in all the newspapers of Sindh. The “Sind Observer” in its loading article of September 19, under the caption “A Great King Falls” eulogized the services of Roza Shah, calling him “the only great Sovereign that Iran has thrown up “for generation were due to his “independent policies on account “of which he excluded British influence from the South and the “Bolshevik influence  from the north of Iran.” In the same leader there appeared a bitter criticism of the way in the which Routers has handled the news of the abdication carrying on “one sided propaganda against a fallen man by painting his “defects in lurid colors.” The article contained some objectionable remarks and this was pointed out by the Provincial Press Adviser to the editor who, on the following day, wrote another article under the caption “The New Shah Requires  Support” in the course of which it was emphasized that the “Sind Observer” had extended support to the stops taken by the Allies in Iran “ to save Iran from Nazi “Machination and invasion because when the Nazis enter a country the “blood it white economically and subject it to slavery “politically”. The “Alwahid” and “Hayat” also regarded the abdication as a very unfortunate and sad event. The “Hindu” observed that the reasons advanced for the abdication were not “weighty”. The “Sansar Samashar”remarked that the excuse of ill health given by the Shah of Iran was eyewash and that the ex-shah who was in league with the Nazis wanted to bring about a revolution in order to extirpate the British and the Russians from Iran. No comments have appeared on the Iran situation in the papers during the last week. [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 6^th October 1941, Fortnightly Report for the Second Half of September 1941].

 

September (Second Half): The SIndh Governor apprising the Viceroy of India of political activities in sindh writes that ”The Working Committee of the Sind Provincial Muslim League has passed a resolution requesting the members of the Muslim League Assembly Party not to take part in any function or party given to the present Ministers. At a private meeting of the City Muslim League, presided over by Mr. M.H. Gazdar, M.L.A., a resolution was passed protesting against the Arya Samaj publication on “Satyarath Prakash”. Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, who was a Minister in the Muslim League Ministry, in a statement to the press has strongly criticized the Honorable Premier for not resigning from the National Defense Council and has complained bitterly against the attitude of the Congress Party in supporting the present Ministry which was co-operating fully with the Government of India in its war efforts. The sentences of six prisoners convicted under the Defense of India Act of making objectionable speeches have been reviewed and the prisoners released partly because it was thought the sentence were severe and partly in pursuance of the Honorable Premiere’s policy of conciliation”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1941, 6th October, 1941.]

 

September (second Half):What the role was played by Sind Press during the second half the September, It is reported in confidential reports of Sindh Government that “ The news of the abdication of Raza Shah was displayed in banner headlines in all the newspapers. The “Sind Observer” in its leading article of September 19, under the caption “ A Great King Falls” eulogized the services of Raza Shah, calling him “the only great Sovereign that Iran has thrown up “For generations” and remarked that the events resulting in his abdication were due to his “independent policies on account “of which he excluded British influence from the South and the “Bolshevik influence from the north of Iran.” In the same leader there appeared a bitter criticism of the way in which Reuters had handled the news of the abdication carrying on “one sided propaganda against a fallen man by painting his “defects in lurid colors”. The article contained some objectionable remarks and this was pointed out by the Provincial Press Adviser to the editor who, on the following day, wrote another article under the caption “The New Shah Requires Support” in the course of which it was emphasized that the “Sind Observer” had extended support to the steps taken by the Allies in Iran “to save Iran from Nazi machinations and invasion because when the Nazis enter a country the bleed it white economically and subject it to slavery “politically”. The “Alwahid “ and “Hayat” also regarded the abdication as a very unfortunate and sad event. The “Hindu” observed that the reasons advanced for the abdication were not “weighty”. The “Sansar Samachar” remarked that the excuse of ill health given by the Shah of Iran was eyewash and that the ex-Shah who was in league with the Nazis wanted to bring about a revolution in order to extirpate the British and the Russian from Iran. No comments have appeared on the Iran situation in the papers during last week.
The resistance of Russia continues to evoke sympathy and admiration and publicity has been given to the aid which is being given to Russia by the Allies.
There is little comment on the extension of the term of office of His Excellency the Viceroy. The “Sind Observer” wrote that the matter was of no interest to the people of India. The “Muslim Voice”, the only English journal of the Muslim League in Sind in its leading article of the 27th September, under the caption “The Sind League” deplores the phase of “stupor and inactivity” through which the League organization in Sind has of late been passing and while commending the extensive Congress work in the Sind villages, exhorts the League authorities “either to go forward or to go out.”
[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1941, 6th October, 1941.]

September 23^rd : Action is taken against “Nara-i-Haq”  (Urdu weekly of Sukkur)by Provincial Press Adviser on account For Publishing articles which tend to create trouble between the Baluchistan authorities and the Kalat and Kharan States. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1941, 6^th October, 1941.]

 

September 24^td: Action is taken against “Hindu Sansar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) by Provincial Press Adviser on account For publishing news tending to create ill feeling between Hindus and Muslim. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1941, 6^th October, 1941.]

 

September, 27^th:The only English journal of the Muslim League in Sind, in its leading article  under the caption “The Sind League” deplores the phase of “stupor and inactivity” through which the league organization in Sind has of late been passing and while commending the extensive Congress work in the Sind villages, exhorts the League authorities “either to go forward or to go out.”[ Source: ‘The Sindh League’]

 

September, 29^th:The Muslim League is inactive. A private meeting of the Lasbella State National Party was held, in which resolutions were passed sympathizing with those members of the Party who had been arrested and requesting the Baluchistan and Lasbella authorities to release them. Ahmed Lassi advised the party to start propaganda against the Jam Saheb and the Vazir of Lasbella who alone were alleged to be responsible for the arrest of the members of the lasbella National Party.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September, 30th:The Premiere left Karachi on the 30th September for Allahabad, where he is to see Moulana Abul Kalam Azad in the Naini Jail before proceeding to attend the meeting of the National Defense Council. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September, 30th:Cholera is still prevalent in almost all the districts of the province although there are no signs of its abatement. During the fortnight under report, there were 702 cases and 358 deaths. Gathering of persons at fairs, etc. have been banned in all the districts except Karachi and Jacobabad, till the end of September. There is some dissatisfaction at the banning of the lal Shahbaz Fair in Sehwan in Dadu district. This is a great annual event but the conditions are such that no risks can be taken.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

September 30^th: Khan Bahadur Khuhro, leader of Muslim League Party in the Sind Assembly invited the Hindu and Muslim Leaders at Karachi in connection with the Dasara celebrations. Speeches about Hindu Muslim unity were made on the occasion. It was proposed to form a Hindu Muslim settlement Board which should being Ghandihi and Mr. Jinnah together to decide the communal problem. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 1^st: On the evening some member of the crew of S.S. “Egorlock” struck work as a protest against the non-fulfillment of their demand for a war bonus. The Captain explained that they were not entitled to any war bonus while the ship was in the Indian Ocean. A police guard was placed on the ship in view of the attitude of a certain number of the crew. Thirty-seven members of the crew were eventually discharged and sent to Calcutta from where they will be sent to Shanghar as they are Chinese subjects. They have been replaced by Indian seamen. A public meeting of the Daily Gazette Press Worker’ Union was held in which it was decided that the management should be informed that the employees would in future work for 7 ½ hours daily only.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

October 2^nd: Three students of the Government High School, Shikarpur, approached the Head Master of the institution to close the school to allow the students to celebrate “Gandhi Jayanti”. On the Head Master’s refusal to do so, thirty students left their classes and decided to hoist the Congress flag on the school building. The Head Master ordered that this should be prevented and a peon snatched the flag from a student. This enraged the students and a scuffle ensued between the students and the school peons. The Head Master summoned police aid and the students allege that the police made a ‘lathis’ with them. About 50 students went on strike as a protest against the action of the Head Master in summoning police aid. The strike has since been called off.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

October 3^rd: When the ‘Indus Commission’ met at Simla, Sir B.N.Rau, chairman, suggested for the consideration of the parties that Sindh’s objections regarding the Bhakra Dam be withdrawn or modified and the dam be allowed to be erected, provided expressed stipulations were laid down that quantities of water authorized to be withdrawn would be subject to modification if and when Sindh’s apprehensions turned out to be true. Both parties agreed to the suggestion.

 

October 4^th: Swarms of locusts appeared in different parts of the Dadu District between the 4^th and the 8^th October and caused damage to the standing crop to the extent of six pies to two annas in the rupee. They then went in the direction of Kalat State.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

October 6^th: At the meeting of the India Commision, it was announced after some discussion that the commissioners would give their ruling on the legal issues within a day or two of the conclusion of the arguments on them, and that they would then settle issues of fact. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 9^th: Honorary Secretary of the All-India Muslim League writes to the President of Sindh Muslim League. It ends with following Para:” I shall be thankful if you will kindly send me an authentic statement of the income of your province under various heads another particulars connected they with so that I may be in a position to know what really is the condition of the Provincial Muslim League in Sindh.I hope that you will be kind enough to send me a heartening reply at your earliest convenience”. 

 

October 9^th: Khan Bahadur Allah Bux, Sind Premier, speaking at Simla emphasized that the main problem in India, and the one problem with which as an administrator, he was primarily interested was that of internal peace. This problem he said, must gain importance and urgency as the war moved nearer to India and if communal unity was not established all his emphasis would therefore, be on an earnest plea that all parties in the country without prejudice to their rights in the future constitution, should now bury the hatchet and come to terms for the period of the war. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 10^th: The Indus Commission briefly expressed their views on the preliminary issues. The commission held that the rights of the several units concerned in the dispute must be determined by applying neither the doctrine of sovereignty nor the doctrine of riparian rights by the rule of “equitable apportionment” each unit being entitled to a fair share of the water of the Indus and its tributaries. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941] 

 

October 14^th : Pir Sabghatullah Shah Pagaro, who had been served with an order under Rule 26(1)(d) of the Defense of India Rules directing him to residue within the Municipal limits of the City of Karachi, has been removed from Sind in circumstances known to the Government of India. This step was taken after the particularly atrocious murder in broad daylight of the Pir’s cousin and two others by three Hurs, fanatical followers of the Pir. There is no doubt that the murder were committed by some of the Pir’s followers, and there is a suspicion that the Pir has previous knowledge of the crime that was to be perpetrated. Before the Pir was removed. ‘hartal’ was being observed in the Pir’s native village on account of the Pir’s movements being restricted to Karachi in order to secure cancellation of the order. A number of Hindus from the village, who regarded the Pir as a follower of the Indian National Congress, wished to approach the Government with the same object, and they requested Mr. R.K Sidhva, M.L.A., to head a deputation and put their viewpoint before Government. The move, like the ‘hartal’ entirely artificial and appeared to be instigated by the Pir. At the time of the Pir’s removal, full precautions were taken in all the districts in which trouble was likely to ensue and prominent Hur agents were rounded up under Section 110, Criminal Procedure Code: So far there have been no further untoward events. The Pir’s property In his village and in this ‘keti’ in Khairpur State have since been searched, and all aims, etc. found have been confiscated. It is thought that a further detailed report will be of interest to the Government of India and such a report will be sent in due course. The District Magistrate of one district, where large numbers of the Pir’s followers residue, reports that so far all is quiet and that the general feeling in regard to the Pir’s removal seems to be one of relief. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th November, 1941.]

 

October (First Half): Government Secret papers through light on the role of Press. It is reported that  “The news of the proposed withdrawal of the Allied troops from Tehran has been prominently displayed. There have been no editorial comments so far. The Russe-German struggle continues to absorb the interest of the entire press and every move is commented upon in most of the editorials. The general view is that the situation is dangerous and that a Russian collapse will not come as a surprise. It is, however, being emphasized that the German losses in men and material and that the acquisition of Russian territory does not compensate the Nazis for these losses.

The replies broadcast by the Secretary of State for India to the American public on some of the Indian questions have come in for a good deal of criticism and are characterized as a deliberate attempt to mislead the American public. The “Karachi Daily” suggests that the All-India Radio should invite Mahatma Gandhi or M.C. Rajagopalacharier to reply  to the points raised by the Secretary of State for India. The Indo-Burma Agreement continues to be condemned and characterized as the act of a Government which is neither responsive nor responsible to the people. The “Sind Observer” calls for intensification of air raid precautions work in Karachi. Extracts from the address of His Excellency the Viceroy to the National Defense Council were displayed prominently in all the papers. The comments take the line that the National Defense Council cannot take India nearer to Swaraj and that its sphere of activity is very restricted.

The suggestion of Sir Sikander Hayat Khan that the Prime Minister should give a fresh declarations on India to bring it within the orbit of the Atlantic Charter has been commended, although it is added that any change in the British policy towards India is unlikely.

The news relating to the British demand from the Afghan Government to expel Germans living in Afghanistan appeared in the issue of the “Hindu”, dated the 7th October 1941, and the “Alwahid” and the “Hindu Sansar”, who was asked to give the sources of his information, replied that he copied it from the “Bombay Chronicle” and forwarded the relevant cutting, which has been sent to the Chief Press Adviser. The “Alwahid” and “Hindu”. The news in question was contradicted by an Associated Press message from Peshawar, which appeared in all newspapers, including the “Hindu”, on 9th October 1941”.   [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1941, 17th October, 1941.]

 

 

October (First Half): The replies broadcast by the Secretary of state for India to the American public on some of the Indian questions have come in for a good deal of criticism are characterized as a deliberate attempt to mislead the American public. The “Karachi Daily” suggests that the All-India Radio should invite Mahatma Gandhi or Mr.C. Rajagopalachariar to reply to the points raised by the Secretary of state for India. The Inde-Burma Agreement continues to be condemned and characterized as the act of a Government which is neither responsive nor responsible to the people. The “Sind Observer” calls for intensification of air raid precautions work in Karachi. Extracts from the address of His Excellency the Viceroy to the National Defense Council were displayed prominently in all the papers. The comments take the line that the National Defense Council cannot take India nearer to Swaraj and that its sphere of activity is very restricted. .The news relating to the British demand from the afghan Government to expel Germans living in Afghanistan appeared in the issue of the “Hindu”, dated the 7^th October 1941, and the “Alwahid” and the “Hindu Sansar”, who was asked to give the source of his information replied that he copied it from the “Bombay Chronicle” and forwarded the relevant cutting, which has been sent to the chief Press Adviser. The “Alwahid” and “Hindu Sansar” appear to have copied it from the “Hindu”. The news in question was contradicted by an Associated Press message from Peshawar, which appeared in all newspapers, including the “Hindu”, on 9^th October 1941. [Source of Government of Sind Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 17^th October 1941, Fortnightly Report for the First Half of October 1941] 

October 20^th : The Executive Committee of the Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress has passed resolutions condemning the “supine” attitude of the Sind Government in the cause of labor, thanking Government for staying the execution of the exterminate order should be withdrawn completely. A number of hotel keepers have decided to move Government to cancel the order permitting Herijans to enter hotels failing which they propose to close their hotels. On the 20^th October, 13 telegraph poles were pulled down between Dharki and Reti.[Gul Hayat Collection]

October 15^th : Cholera shows few sign of abetment. There were 792 attacks and 504 deaths from the 15^th October to 29^th October, as compared to 838 attacks and 462 deaths in the previous fortnight.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

October (Second Half): Government secret report reveal that “The apprehension in regard to the course of the war in Russia, which I mentioned in my last report, is now more marked and there is a widespread belief that Russia is nearing collapse. Japan is being closely watched and there is considerable speculation as to her future policy. As for Iran, the recent Muslim League resolution does not seem to have had much effect on the Muslims in Sind”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th November, 1941.]

 

October (Second Half): Secret Government report reveals that the Muslim League is inactive There are however, signs of movement among the Khaksars. Moulvi Khair Muhammad Suleman Nizami, Manager, Aftab Press, Hyderabad, has printed a number of applications addressed to the Honorable Premiere stating that Allama Mashriqi is the accredited leader of the Muslims and the best friend of the British Government and requesting the Honorable Premiere to intercede for the release of the Allama. These applications are to be signed by all Khaksars. Moulvi Khair Muhammad Suleman Nizami has also initiated a new movement ostensibly for Muslim unity based on a pledge to recognize the Allama as the leader of the Muslims and to strive for his release. Persons signing the pledge are instructed to wear a black badge on the right arm as mark of resentment at the detention of the Allama. This is done with a view to keeping the organization alive in some form or other. On the “Id day” 35  persons gathered in Hyderabad at the residence of Mir Ali Ahmed Nabi Bakhsh, who was the head of the Khaksars in Sind, and gave him and the Khaksars flag a salute by firing crackers. The followers of the new cult call themselves “Fidain Islam” (Devotees of Islam) and Allama mashriqi “Amir Shariat” (Lord of the Holy Community) The District Magistrate is being instructed to keep a close watch on the new movement and the matter is under the careful consideration of Government. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th November, 1941.] 

 

October (Second Half): Sindh Government secret papers through right on the performance of Sindhi Press “The news from Russia has been daily occupying the front pages of newspaper and has been widely commented upon in the additional columns. The situation is prepared as grave for the Russians and the threat to Caucasus is considered to be real and imminent. The ultimate danger to India is generally recognized and the impasses between the Congress and Government is deplored all the more for this. The “Sind Observer” commenting on the question of supply of material to Russia states that India cannot afford to be charitable at the expense of its own safety.

The letter of Sir Francis Young husband to the “Times” had an excellent press. It clicked very appreciative comments in all the important papers. The “Daily Gazette” remarked. “There is little doubt that was Indian given the right to choose for them, they would unhesitatingly vote for the line that the wise counsel of Sir Francis Young husband will be cry in the wilderness.
The summary (as wired by the “Associated Press”) of the letter written by Mr. Jaiprakash Narain was published in all the papers. The press on the whole regarded it as propaganda stunt. The “Daily Gazette” remarked that the matter was very trivial and that the issue of a communicate on the subject by the Government of India showed that they had lost their sense of proportions.
Mr. Jinnah’s decision to withdraw from the current session of the Assembly has been welcomed. There are no comments on the resolutions passed at the recent session of the Muslim League. The “Zamana” has made ironical comments on Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan’s speech on Iran in the League Session.
The Pir Pagaro has been in the news lately. The “Sansar Samachaar” regarded him as a dangerous man who was scheming to form parallel Government and dreaming to become the ruler of Sind. The “Hindu”, referring to the Congress sympathy of the Pir, urged for the opportunities of the impartial tribunal to enquire into the allegations against him”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th November, 1941.]   

 

October (Second Half): Government reports reveal that “Hashu T. Kewalramani, President of the Sind Students’ Federation has been addressing meetings of students in the Hyderabad district. He stated that the aim of the student movement was to establish a united front of students, peasants and ‘haris’ to strengthen the anti-imperialist struggle. He characterized the condition in India as those prevailing in Jail or Hitler’s Concentration Camp”. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of October 1941, 7th November, 1941.]

 

October 21st: Mr. M. A Jinnah President of the All-India Muslim League in a statement from Bombay, delivering his message of “Id” stated inter alia: “I feel confident that you all will at this moment reaffirm your resolve to do everything in your power and to make every contribution in the shape of time and money, and make every sacrifice that is possible to consolidate harness and make Muslim India really a great nation, specially by building up all departments of national and individual life such as educational economic and social uplift, and thus help further its onward progress in the realization of our political goal, namely Pakistan”. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]  

 

October 22^nd: Meeting of Primary Muslim League is held at Buttra of Tehsil Kakar in which organizational and other matters relating to Sindh Politics are discussed and moulvi qutub uddin is elected on the vacant post of Joint Secretary. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

October 23^rd: Meeting of primary Muslim League is held at village Mehbob Tunio in which it is demanded that know any Hindu book seller be allowed to sell Quran Majeed and appeal is also made requesting Religious Scholars to join Muslim League. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

October 26^th: Founded by Mr. M. A. Jinnah and edited under the supervision of Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan, Secretary of the Muslim League, “The Dawn”,  a Muslim weekly journal began publication from Dehli. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 27^th: The Central Assembly began its autum session and discussed Sir Guranath Bewoor’s motion for the election of six non-official members to the Defense Consultative Committee.
The Muslim League Party in the Central Legislature at a meeting with Mr. M. A. Jinnah in the chair unanimously decided to boycott the session of the Central Assembly. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 28^th: The Muslim League Party walked out of the Central Assembly after a statement was made by Mr. Jinnah declaring that they were doing so in order to register their protest against the way in which the Muslim offer of Co-operation in the war effort had been completely ignored by the Government. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

October 30^th: : Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

October 30^th: Mahatma Gandhi issued a lon statement from Wardha on Satyagraha. He said inter alia: “I have been in charge of issuing statements for the guidance of Satyagrahis. The deciding reason has been to have them to be self-guided where they are not guided by local leader…….The public should know that those who were not whole-heartedly with the Bombay resolution have come out with their doubts confirmed. Similarly those who had never any doubt have become firmer than ever before in their opinion. As for me, I never had any doubt as to the correctness of the Bombay resolution and have none about the correctness of the steps hitherto taken in pursuance thereof.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

November 1^st: The political situation in India (before the formation of the new government in India and before the entry of Russia into the war) was discussed at a meeting of the East India Association held in London with Lord Hailey in the chair. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

November 1^st: Mr. J. B. Kripalani, General Secretary of the Congress declaring open the “Ahimsa Vyam Sangh” near Malad in Bombay, said: “Non-voilence may or may not solve the many problems facing the world today but it has been proved to the hilt that war and violence have not solved them and are incapable of solving them. Therefore even as an experiment non-violence is worth a trial. It has at least solved the many indivisual family and social problems without bloodshed and breaking of heads.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

November 28^th : At village Nando and key notes were given by Moulvi Ahmad Panwar, who spoke about the importance and necessity of joining Muslim League and Pakistan Movement. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

November 30^th: Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh”and sitting was presided by Nazim. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

November: Ghansham Sethanand Tahilramani In November 1941 he was gazetted as Pilot Officer in the Indian Air Force. In April 1943 he was promoted as Flying Officer. He was a student in D. 3. Sind College from 1937 to 1939. In 1937 he joined Karachi Aero Club and got ‘A’ License in fling. In 1938 he took training in N. E. Ii Engineering College in Wireless Telegrapiw In the same year he obtained Gold Medal. He was elected Gymkhana Secretary in 1939. He obtained 1st Prize in wrestling in 1939 and several prizes in other sports.He became Corporal in 1933 and Sergeant in 1939.In the same year he appeared before Public Service Commission at an entrance Ex. for Military Academy at Dheradun and obtained 370 marks out of 500 in Interview and Record. In March 1940 he was selected for training for King’s Commission in the Indian Air Force. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

December 1^st:Acahraya Kripalani General Secretary of the Congress in an interview at Karachi Observed: “The congress bides its time and waits for a favorable opportunity. If however, Mr. Jinnah is desirous to establish contact with the Congress, nothing stands in the way of his doing so, and Ghandhiji who has never had any false idea of dignity, would meet him even at Mr. Jinnah’s own place.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

December 3^rd: The Government of India issued a Communiqué from a New Dehli announcing the release of Pandits Jawaralal Nehru and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. The Communiqué stated: “The Government of India, confident in the determination of all responsible opinion in India to support the war effort until viceroy is secured have reached the conclusion that these civil disobedience prisoners whose offences have been formal or symbolic in character, can be set free. Effect will be given to this cause as soon as possible,- “There are provinces in which local condition may mean delay; but before the end of the year the Government of India hope that throughout India practically all such persons will have been set free. With them there will be released also Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Panit Jawharlal Nehru.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

 

 

December 5^th : The annual general meeting of Dadu Muslim League is held and new office bearer for the next years are elected. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

December 11^th: Master Tara Singh, addressing a Sikh conference in New Dehli said that he would advise the against resorting to civil disobedience in view of the international situation but he warned the government that, if no peaceful solution was made, the Sikh community would not hesitate to take any action they thought fit to keep the prestige of the Panth. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

December 15^th: The Sindh Legislative Assembly met from the 15^th December to the 23^rd December 1941. The main items or interest were two adjournment motions, one brought by Mr. Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A., and the other sponsored by Miss Jethi Sipahimalani, M.L.A., The motion of the former referred to an incident which occurred in a small village in Karachi District named Fakir-jo-goth on the night of the 14^th December last. On by a driver and an orderly lost his way when looking for the car of a party of his regiment and want into the village to ascertain his whereabouts. He is reported to have approached a house and to have  called out to the occupants. He appears to have been at once taken for a thief and was surrounded and very badly beaten. He was tied up and kept bound until dawn when he was released whereupon he made his way to the camp. Thereafter a party or officers and men from the camp rounded up the inmates of the village and caused some damage to the houses and to property.

The matter is under enquiry. A very highly exaggerated story regarding the incident was brought to Karachi and M.L.A. from Upper Sind, as he has since admitted to me, was asked by a local zamindar to move the adjournment of the House. Some of the Congress M.L.A.s made anti-Army speeches and the occurrence was given far more prominence than it deserved. The motion was talked on the Honorable Minister in Charge of Law and order giving an assurance that full and detailed enquiries will be made. The second adjournment motion was on the appointment of Mr. D. R. C. Halford, I. C. S., as Revenue Officer, Lloyd Barrage Scheme. The Honorable Premiere made a statement that the appointment was made by His Excellency the Governor in his special responsibility and in opposition to the advice tendered by Honorable Minister, Revenue Department , and the Ministry. The Statement of motion was withdrawn by the mover.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, 6^th January , 1942.]

 

December 15^th: The City Muslim League, Karachi, convened a Conference on the 15th, 16th and 17th December, under the president ship of the Raja of Mahumdabad. The Raja in his presidential address stated that there could be no unity with the Hindus but merely a pact. He made an appeal to Muslims to unite so that Pakistan could be established. Resolution were passed condemning Congress for creating disunity among the Muslims of the Provinces where they are in a majority, characterizing the conduct of the Bengal Premiere as treacherous, expressing great anxiety at the health of Allama Mashriqi, appealing to Government to release him at once and also appealing to His Excellency the Governor to stop the tendency of the present Ministry to use its officials for opposing the Pakistan Scheme by carrying on Hindu-Muslim unity which is not in the best interest of the Muslims. The Conference was well attended. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

 

December 16^th: Karachi City Muslim League Conference is held at Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

December 19^th: In the Sind Assembly Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh the Premier, made an important statement concerning the constitutional implication of the exercise of special powers by the Governor in the day administration of Government. [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

December 25^th : The banning of the Hindu Mahasabha session in Bihar has caused some resentment among the Hindus. A public meeting was convened by the Hindu Mahasabha where a resolution was passed condemning the action of the Bihar Government. There was a partial “Hartal” also.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

December 24^th: Mr. M. A Jinnah in a statement to the News Chronicle London, said: “I want the British public and statesmen to understand that the stand of the Muslim League is vitally different from that of the Congress and other Hindu organizations. I want the British Government not to force Muslim India to fill Indian jails to convince them or demonstrate that Pakistan is now our sacred creedm an article of faith and any declaration by the British Government or Prime Minister which will in any way militate against it, Muslim India will resist with all the power it can command.” [The Indian Annual Register Volume-I, 1941]

 

December 26^th :The Turkish Military mission visits The Karachi Municipal Corporation and was presented a civic address to Colonel Ziya Kayan and the members of the Turkish Military Mission before a gathering of about four thousand persons. Some confusion was caused at the end of the ceremony by the unexpected enthusiasm shown by the Muslim crowd which had gathered and the members of Mission had some difficulty in getting away from the Municipal compound.[No. P.25 H(S)/40, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1940, 4th January 1941.]

December29^th: It is Zul Haj Eid today and branches of Sindh Muslim League on the call of the party observe Pakistan Day. Public meetings are held and processions are taken out. In Mithiani, the public meeting is addressed by Moulvi Muhammad Hussain and in Gachero the function is presided over by Taj Muhammad Bughio. [Gul Hayat Collection]

December 30^th : . At a public meeting of the Lasbella State Party held at Karachi it was decided to from a deputation to wait on the Agent to the Governor General of Baluchistan and the place before him the grievance of State subjects and to request him to extern Murad Jan Gichki and to remove Khan Bahadur Shaikh Nabi Bakhsh, Vazir of Lasbella State, from office.[Gul Hayat Collection].

 

December 30^th: A public meeting is organized at Gatahar by primary Muslim League Branch it is presided over by Pir Allah Dino Shah Rashidi and resolution supporting Pakistan Movement is passed unanimously. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

December (Second Half) :The Fidian-i-islam continues to enroll volunteers. Some ex-Khaksars observed protest fasts at the continued detention of Allama Mashriqi. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of December 1941, 6th January , 1942.]

 

December (Second Half): The recent decision of the Congress Working Committee in regard to the war has been welcomed in local Congress circles. There is much relief on the retirement of Mahatma Gandhi from the Congress leadership as it is generally realized that a more realistic approach is called for interview of Japan’s entry into the war.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of December 1941, 6th January , 1942.]

 

December (Second Half): The progress made by Japan since her entry into the war is being closely watched and it is realized that very dangerous position exists in the Pacific. There is, however, fear that Japan will not eventually be defeated. The achievements of Russian Armies have had a very heartening effect and although it is difficult to form a close estimate of the position in Russia, it is generally held that the German plans have gone far astray. In Libya the capture of Benghazi and Bardia have been acclaimed.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of December 1941, 6th January , 1942.]

     

December (Second Half):Sindh Government secret papers through right on the performance of sindhi Press “The tendency to throw the war news into the background in favor of matters of local or Indian interest was prominently marked when the Legislative Assembly was in session. There were two adjournment motions, one relating to an incident in a small village in Karachi district in which a military officer was involved and another concerning the appointment of the Revenue Officer, Lloyd Barrage. Both received banner headline and were commented on the constitutional issue involved in connection with the letter motion in both the leading English dailies, the “Sind Observer” and the “Daily Gazette”. The Papers, both English and vernacular, supported the stand and the “Muslim Voice”, both organs of the Muslim League. These two papers were of the opinion that it was not necessary for His Excellency to accept all the advice given by the Ministers.
The capture of Benghazi and Bardia has been hailed with enthusiasm. The “Sind Observer” remarked that Mussolini’s African Empire has appeared and the days are not  for them the Allied forces will reach the borders of Tunisia. It paid a great compliment to the efficiency of the British navy in the Mediterranean. The loss of Hong Kong is regretted although it is realized that it could not hold out any longer.
The ”Sind Observer” criticized the attitude adopted by the Australian Premiere and Remarked that India, Burma and Singapore need the help of the British forces much more than Australia.
The nationalist press endorses the resolution passed by the Working committee of the Congress at Bardoli and hopes that the next move will come from to an understanding with the Congress and ponder over the fact that the Muslim League has been defeated in three Muslim provinces, viz., Sind, Assam and Bengal. The banning of the Mahasabha session provided a good deal of material to the Hindu papers to attack the Advisors regime. The Muslim papers have regarded the matter. The Muslim paper continue to ask for the release of Allama Mashriqi.
The demand for the control of prices still continue in the local press. It is emphasized that the measurement far adopted are not sufficient”.[No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of December 1941, 6th January , 1942.]

 

December 31^st: : Under the auspicious of “Sindhi Sudhar Society” poetic sitting(Mushaira) is held at Larkana, and so many local poets participated. Poetry sent by various poets of Sindh and poetry and presented was published in next issue of “Adeeb Sindh” and sitting was presided by Ali Gohar Khan Yakta. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

 

1941:

Moulvi Khuda Bux Bhutto son of Moulvi Nizamuddin Bhutto of village Edan Bhutto breathed his last. He got religious education from Moulvi Qazi Usman, Moulvi Yar Muhammad Rajanpuri and started imparting education. He took active part in Khulafat Tabrik. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

1941:

Mohan Seth Pessumal crossed the International Date line and was granted a certificate by Pan American Airways.He was son of Seth Pessumal Muichand, Land Lord and Zamindar and a fine sportsman of Bhaibund community. He was Billiard player and was the Champion of Billiard of Bhaibund Club 1942. He was a Fellow of Theosophical Society. As a manager of his firm of Messrs. Pohoomall Brothers (Europe) he visited many important towns and cities of East and XVest.He took keen interest in the welfare of his community and was the Secretary of the Social Welfare Committee of Young Bhaibunds. The text of the statement is available in the Gul Hayat Institute and also published on website www.drpathan.com .

 

Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan.

SINDH IN 1942

January 1942: The All Sind Educational Conference demanded pre-school education should be introduced in training colleges and training schools [Proceedings of Sind Legislative Assembly, Pg-11]

1^st January 1942: AIJAZ QURESHI is born at Arazi. He served in Sindh University in capacity of   a Professor and nowadays he is rendering social services. He is an author of books also. [Gul Hayat Collection]

1^st January 1942: FAKIR MUHAMMAD BHUTTO an eminent folklore poet is born at Arzi Bhutto. [Gul Hayat Collection]

1^st January 1942: An eminent poetSIRICHAND “Sangdil” [Gul Hayat Collection]

5^th January 1942: An eminent poet Sarang Latifi is born at Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

6^th January 1942: Journalist Amir Bux Bhatti is born at Subhani Bhatti. [Gul Hayat Collection]

10^th January 1942: An eminent poet Muhammad Salih ‘Aas’ Khaskheli is born at Butt Sirai. [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th January 1942: The stage is set to hold Muslim League Conference at Kambar. Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi is requested to preside. [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th January 1942: An eminent poetMuhammad Uris ‘Azhar’ is born at Mevo Khan. [Gul Hayat Collection]

14^th January 1942: Gauhati Students Day was observed in Karachi by the All Sind students Federation on January 14^th at protest against the alleged ‘lathi’ and bayonet charges on a peaceful procession of students in Assam. Speeches were made condemning the attitude of the authorities of the Gauhati College. Mr. Alim T. Gidwani of the forward Bloc exhorted students to take part in politics and to make sacrifices for the freedom of the country. He stated that Indians could not defend themselves as they had been prevented from manufacturing motor cars and aeroplanes and from possessing fire-arms. He also advocated the use of the symbol ‘U’ for Hindu-Muslim unity in preference to “V” as “there could be no victory without unity”. The Congress is carrying on propaganda to population rise the ‘U’ symbol. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

17^th January 1942: 942: Pakistan Conference is held at Kambar. It is presided over by Pir Syed Hassan Bux Shah, landlord of Mirabpur of District Nawabshah. It is attended by G.M.Syed, K.B.Khuhro, Qazi Fazalullah, Agha Nazar Ali, Moulvi Muhammad Ismail, Moulvi Ghulam Rasool of Mehar, Moulvi Muhammad Ibrahim of Buthi, Moulvi Abdul Karim Menai, Moulvi Muhammad Daud Of Mahboob Tunio, Hakim Syed Ali Muhammad Shah Baqapuri,Moulvi Muhammad Khan of Aheri, Moulvi Syed Taj Muhammad Shah of Manah Tharrai, Syed Chhatal shah of Dargah Nourang Shah, Moulvi Abdul Karin Brohi, Wadero Ali Hassan, Hakim Abdul Rashid, Rais Mithal Khan Lakho, Rais Haji Dur Muhammad, Rais Muhammad Yaqub, Moulvi Muhammad Azim ‘Sheda’, Ghulam Muhammad Isran, Agha Ghulam Nabi and others. The event is an eye – opener for those, who do not see the role played by Sindh in creation of Pakistan. The event carry another lesson also and it is that the trio of Pir, wadero & Moulvi has brought Big Changes as desired and required by them.

17^th January 1942: The Muslim League branch of Ghather in Larkana District held a “Pakistan Conference” at Kambar in that district on the 17^th January. The main gate of the Conference was styled as the “Mahmud Ghaznavi Gate”. The conference was convened by Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, M.L.A., ex-Minister, and Mr. G.M. Sayed, M.L.A., ex-Minister was also present. About 500 persons attended including 25 Hindus. Two significant resolutions were passed – one demanding that the Pakistan provinces should form part of the British Common wealth, like Burma, and another approving and welcoming the action of His Excellency the Governor in “tightening the control” over the present Ministry. The first resolution was moved by Mr. G.M. Sayed, the latter by Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro, who accused the Congress of dividing the Muslim M.L. As. In Sind.

. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

18^th January 1942: The Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress organized a procession of laborers on the 18^th January followed by a public meeting of about 350 persons under the president ship of Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., and protest against the alleged unsympathetic attitude of the East India Tramways Company towards certain demands, including a rise a wage, made by the workers. Srikant Kanthia remarked that people like Lieut. Colonel Hossack (Director of the East India Tramways Company) and Mr. Wright (Manager of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation) were “Fifth columnist” who created obstacles in the way of the defeat of Fascist. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

 

In Second Half of January: Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow:  “There is a greater appreciation of the danger to India in all the sections of the press and the lending articles of rest and the lending articles of rest of the of the papers are mainly devoted to the discussions on the international situation. German prestige has been affected by the continued successes of Russia but the fear of Japanese offer for co-prosperity is treated with contempt. The debate on war in the House of Commons has been reported in full in all the papers and the comments have tended to emphasize the indispensability of Mr. Churchill. The “Daily Gazette” however remarked that the anxiety of Mr. Churchill to get a vote of confidence so that this enemies may have no grounds to say that he was not the accredited representative of the British people was not in in the true Churchillian style. It is generally recognized that Mr. Churchill speaks for the entire British nation and it is this conviction which has elicited unfavorable comments on Mr. Churchilll’s omission to make a reference to India in the war debate. The “Hindu” regards Mr. Churchill’s indifference as “callous”. The “Sind Observer”, commenting on Australia’s anxiety to strengthen the defense in the Far East, remarks that Indian troops should also be mustered at the frontiers of India although it also sunrises that Japan will try to consolidate its newly acquired territories rather than attack India.

Hitler’s bombastic, through somewhat apologetic, speech, as summarized by Router, has been published in most of the papers but without comment. Mr. De Valera’s statement that a Republican army is willing to help the Nazis has caused surprise but is apparently misunderstood. Anxiety is expressed over the recent successes achieved by Rommel in Cyrenaica and doubts have been expressed by some papers whether there will be any finality to the campaign in Libya. There is general sense of frustration at the continued impasse between the Government and the Congress. The Hindu papers commended the ratification of the Bardoli decision by the All India Congress Committee at Wardha and expressed a hope that a gesture of goodwill will soon be made by the British Government. Extracts from the “Daily World”, “Manchester Guardian” and the “Times”, on the Indian problem, have been published in several papers.

The interment of Mr. U. Saw, ex-Premier of Burma, has not been favorably received. The “Sind Observer” remarked that the reasons given for the internment were not convicing. The “Karachi Daily” observed that the speeches of Mr. U. Saw, although frank, did not betray any antagonism towards the British Government.

The news of the release of Allama Mashriqi was welcomed by the Press in general and the Muslim press in particulars.

The “Karachi Daily” and the “Hamdard”, of Mirpurkhas, have published letters condemning the behavior of the military at Fakir-jo-goth in Karachi district, Saburahu in Hyderabad district and at Mirpurkhas railway station. The letter in the “Karachi Daily” is worded in a very strong and objectionable language and the matter is under examination.

The “Tomorrow”, of Karachi, which is a weekly paper edited by Mr. Alim T. Gidwani, a Congressman belonging to the Forward Block has been issuing daily bulletins of late demanding the resignation of the present Ministry”.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

20^th January 1942: An eminent poet Gianchand Jethanand ‘Giaan’ is born at Sukkur and he migrated to Mombai after partition. [Gul Hayat collection]

22^nd January 1942: An eminent singer Jevni Bai breathes her last. She was born at Bhelwar, & Budhal Shah is breathes his last at Nawabshah [Gul Hayat collection]

26^th January 1942: Poet and Journalist Abdul Sami ‘Mahtab’ is born at Chak. [Gul Hayat collection]

26^th January 1942: The omission of any reference to the Indian question by Mr. Churchill during the recent debate in the Commons on the conduct of the War has been taken to indicate that there are no hopes of an early solution of the political impasse. The exclusion of India from the proposed enlarged war cabinet is resented and comparisons have been drawn between the political status of India and that of a small country like New Zealand. The Speechless of Congress leaders on the war have tended to deteriorate in tone. “Independence Day” was celebrated in Karachi on the 26^th January with considerable enthusiasm in the Congress circles. The celebrations began with a largely attended morning procession terminating at Congress House where Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A, President of the Karachi District Congress Committee, unfurled the Congress flag. The Forward Bloc had a separate flag hosting ceremony in the Khalikdinr

 Hall in the evening and the celebrations where the independence pledge was read and speeches made by prominent Congress Workers explaining the Wardha decision and emphasizing the demand of the Congress to secure Indian independence. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

 

28^th January 1942: There was a recurrence of telegraph wire cutting on the 28^th January when twelve telegraph poles by the side of the railway between Sarhad and Ghotki in the Sukkur District were uprooted and the wires cut.

The measures being taken to suppress the outbreak of crime in Nawabshah and Thar Parkar Districts have not yet succeeded in putting an end to the trouble and in two dacoities three more people have been murdered. It is not certain that all the murders have been committed by the Hur adherents of the Pir Pagaro but there is no doubt they are in the main responsible. Strong forces of police are in the affected area which is being rigorously patrolled and it is hoped that continued pressure will bring the outbreak to an end.

 [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

28^th January 1942: Today is Death Date of Moulvi Mir Muhammad Naurangi who was Religious Scholar & Freedom Fighter. He took part in the politics of the platforms of khilafat Tehreek and Jamiat-Ulma Sindh.[Gul Hayat Collection]

In the second half of January the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The continued successes of the Russian Armies with their great significance are at present completely overshadowed by events in the Far East and the course of the struggle with Japan is causing considerable perturbation; the threat to Burma and Singapore being regarded as of the utmost gravity. Attacks on India in the comparatively near future are thought to be by no means improbable. But with all this and in spite of the air raids on Rangoon and elsewhere in Burma, there is little enthusiasm for A.R.P and no increase in the number of volunteers for such work. The issue of a press note by Government recommending the carrying of identify discs by people in Karachi in order to facilitate the identification of possible causalities caused a certain amount of consternation. There has not, however, been any panic or sign voluntary evacuation from Karachi. Rommel’s latest flare up in Libya has caused disappointment as it had been hoped that he was more or less accounted for”. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of January 1942, 4th February, 1942.]

29^th January 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation and writes that Hindus Minister are supporting communal bodies like Rastriya , Swayas Sevak Singh. He name the Minister Rai Bahadur Gokuldas who attended the body parading in their uniforms and took the salute from them in presence of Meer Chindani, the District Magistrate. [D.O.No: 20/F.R.]

30^th January 1942:There was little Congress activity. The usual Flag Salutation Ceremonies were held in Karachi and Hyderabad. At a meeting of the Congress Committee at Hyderabad it was resolved to form a Volunteer Corps to help the citizens in the events of civil disorder and to work for inter-communal harmony.

The Sind Provincial Forward Bloc held a public meeting on the 30^th January with Mr. Alim T. Gidwani in the chairmen Resolution were passed protesting against the arrest of Mr. Sarat Chandra Bose and other Forward Bloc workers. Mr. Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A., interrupted the meeting demanding that the meeting should be held under the auspices of the Radical Democratic Party. Mr. Alim T, Gidwani left the meeting but about 125 persons remained and after short speech by Mr. Khoso who said that those who opposed the war effort were enemies of India, a resolution was adopted assuring full support to the Government in their effort. Hashoo T. Kewal ramani, a student leader, who had undergone imprisonment under the Defense on India Rules for making objectionable speech has joined Mr. Khoso in advocating help to the war effort. Mr. Khoso has recently made a contribution to His Excellency’s War purposes Fund on behalf of the Communist workers of Karachi.

The Fidan-I-islam continue to sign the new pledge. An appeal was made recently at Hyderabad to the local Fidian-I-Islam to collect scarp and send it to the Scrap Collection Committee Hyderabad. The members of the Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangha continue to perform their usual parades in Hyderabad. The Sangha organized a special function in honor of the Hon’ble Rao Sahio Gokaldas Mewaldas Rochlani. Minister Local Self-Government, when three hundred members of the Sangha paraded and gave a salute to the Hon’ble Minister. No decision has, as yet, been come to on the question as to the action to be taken against this Sangha.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th March, 1942.]

31^st January 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 65 (Under Defense of India Rules-129 by Sindh Government) 07(Under the defense of India Rules -26 by Central Government) and 02 (Under Defense of India Rules-129 by the Central Government Total is 65

(b)   Prosecuted : 5(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 9(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 2 (Under Defense of India Rules-24), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-81) and, 1 (Under Defense of India Rules-90).Total is 19

(c)    Convicted: 34 (Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-22), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 30(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 38(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-93) and 1(Under Defense of India Rules-20). Total is 109.

February 1942: “Janam Bhoomi” (Sindhi Weekly of Mirpurkhas is warned for publishing false news regarding the announcement of the followers of the Pir Pagaro offering reward for the heads of the District Magistrates, Nawab Shah and TharParkar. [Gul Hayat Collection]

1^st February 1942: Religious Scholar Moulana Abdul Razaq Channo is born at Bahawal Shah. [Gul Hayat Collection]

1^st February 1942: A public meeting was held at Karachi on the 1^st February under the auspices of the Port Trust Workers Union to observe anti-Fascism Day. About four hundred persons attended. A resolution was passed assuring Government of full co-operation in the war effort and at the same time requesting for the grant of a war allowance.

The East India Tramways Workers Union held a meeting on the 1^st February and decided to refer the dispute between the Company and the workers to Government for the appointment of an Umpire. There is some unrest among the workers of the Dalmia Cement Factory owing to the dismissal of certain hands. The cause of the workers is being sponsored by Mr. Muhammad Amin Khoso, who has been selected President of the Dalmia Cement Workers’ Union. The Commissioner of Labor is enquiring into the dispute. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th March, 1942.]

2^nd February 1942: Journalist Noor Hussain Baloch is born at Atal Muradani. [Gul Hayat Collection]

2^nd February 1942: Poet Hidayatullah Shah breathes his last at Khahi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

5^TH February 1942: One hundred and twenty-six join Muslim League in Banguldero. The public meeting is addressed by Hakim Obedullah. The function is followed by the meeting of the branch, in which Moulvi Ghulam Yahya is elected as the Secretary of the branch1969: President Ayub writes to Nawabzada Nasrullah requesting him to invite politicians on his behalf and he will be available to start talks.

6^th Feb 1942: “Hindu” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) is asked to submit for press advice articles regarding personal experience of evacuees from Burma and Malaya. [Gul Hayat Collection]

6^th Feb 1942: Abdul Rashid Arshad writes to Liaquat Ali Khan the following letter:

 “Dear Sir,

 I had already request you to kindly send as any be respective of the Muslim League in Sindh to preach. The principle and doctrine of the League, you should know the fact that the poor village are acquainted with the name of the congress where as they don’t know what is Muslim League, and where it exists.

Few days ago I was quite glad that the deputation of Hon. Sir Nazimuddin and Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan has come to Karachi, they will surely turnip to Hyderabad Sindh, but in vain and it was discouraging to us.

            So, I request you to very kindly convince the All India Session of the Muslim League this year in Hyderabad Sindh.

            In the end I pray for your long life and ever-increasing prosperity and further I pray that the Muslim League may flourish day by day and year light and their worthy shadow of your supreme authority.

            I am awaiting anxiously about your kind and encouraging letter.

With best respect.

I am, your loyal follower

Sincere

Yours most obediently

Abdul Rashid Arshad

B.A. ….

Shams Manzil Hyderabad Sindh”

 

7^th February 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation and informs him that Premier has been insisting for transpose of district magistrate such as of Nawabshah and Tharparkar but I have been dealing with the matter on my own and free hand. [D.O.No: 48/F.R.]

8^th February 1942: Singer & MucisianNari Sharma is born at Hyderabad and later on migrates to Ulhasnagar [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th February 1942: Singer Ustad Sendho Khan breathes his last. He was born in Amratsar [Gul Hayat Collection]

9^th February 1942: Poet Syed Jamal Shah of Goth Ilyas, breathes his last. [Gul Hayat Collection]

10^th February 1942: Social worker Detaram Walvani is born at tando Fazul and later on migrates to Ajmir [Gul Hayat Collection]

10^th February 1942: “Bab-ul-Islam” (Sindhi weekly of Hyderabad) is warned for intemperate writings in connection with the detention of Allama Mashriqi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

First half of February: The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sindh throw light on the law and order situation as follow: the measures taken to put an end to the outrages being committed by the followers of the Pir Pagaro have not yet had any marked effect and crimes continue to be committed in spite of the numbers of police in the affected areas and the vigorous patrolling being carried on. On the 1^st instant, a dacoity occurred in the Hyderabad District in which one person was killed and two injured and property Stolen. One Hur has been arrested in connection with this dacoity. On the 3^rd night, a party of 10 to 15 dacoits raided the village of Kamil Laghari in Nawabshah District in spite of the fact that an armed Police post of 1 Head Constable and 5 Constables was stationed there. The post, which seems to have been badly located, apparently allowed itself to be taken by surprise and was overwhelmed by the dacoits. Two policemen were killed and two seriously injured. The dacoits killed in addition a Hindu resident of the village and then made off with 5 police muskets, 3 bayonets, 100 rounds of ammunition, 2 shotguns and 61 cartridges and other property. Further dacoities took place on the night of the 8^th and 11^th resulting in the death of two persons and the inflictions of injury on 4 others together with loss of property. On the 11^th also the trouble spread to the Sukkur District and a part of 14 or 15 persons said to be in search of on Moulvi Abdul Ghani, who in 1938 had held a meeting condemning the practices of the Pir Pagaro, hindered 5 Muslims in a Masjid and 2 others in the street of a small village near Pir jo Goth, the former residence of the Pir, Again on the 12^th another dacoity occurred in the Nawabshah District in which 2 men were injured and property was stolen And added to these offences there have been further instances of damage or attempts to damage railway property 3 cases in which telegraph wire have been cut and the poles damaged.

The Situation is undoubtedly serious as the people in the affected areas are reported to be in a complete state of panic but with the whole of the country side unwilling through fear to give the Police any assistance whatsoever the tracing and apprehension of eh ascending Hurs who are believed to be responsible for the crimes is a matter or great difficulty. So far about 22 arrested have been made and it is hoped that this will prove to be first step towards breaking up the gangs. In order to encourage the police and to raise the morale of the local population the District Commander has arranged for demonstration marches of infantry in mechanized transport in the two districts. There is no doubt however, that very special measure must be employed and it is for this reason that the issue of a special ordinance has advocated.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th March, 1942.]

 

11^th February 1942: Forty-six Chinese of the crew of the cable ship “Store Nordiske” a Danish vessel under charter to the British Admiralty, ceased work on the 11^th February and demanded an increase of wages of 5 Pound per mensem and refused to resume duty unless their demand was conceded immediately. It was feared that the might attempt to commit acts of sabotage on the ship and they arrested under rule 129 of the Defense of India Rules and jail custody. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

 

13^th February 1942: Eight of the crew of the cable ship “Store Nordiske” a Danish vessel under charter to the British Admiralty were released on the 13^th February. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

15^th February 1942: The Sind Provincial congress Committee propose to recruit two thousand volunteers to implement the terms of the Wardha resolution. The volunteers are to be trained in drill and sent out to villages to carry the Congress constructive program among the masses. So far the response has been poor. Lakhmichand N. Kinger, who was previously convicted for the same offence, has made some very anti-British speeches in Karachi recently and the question of his prosecution is under consideration. The anniversary of Swami Dayanand was celebrated by the Arya Samajists at a public meeting on the 15^th February which was attended by about three hundred and fifty persons. At a public meeting of the Sind Provincial Hindu Sabha Working Committee at Hyderabad, resolution were passed condemning the Punjab Sales Act and urging the Government to recall forthwith Indian troops serving abroad for the defense of India. The Rashtrya Ghnayam Sewak Sangh, Hyderabad, continues to hold parades and carry out sword and ‘lathi’ exercises. At one of the parades, a speaker exhorted the people to prepare themselves for the protection of the Hindus. He added that as an organization the Sangh endorse the Congress policy of non-voilence. On the contrary, it considered the use of arms and violence necessary and legitimate for the protection and preservation of the Hindus. He added that the internal situation is very grave and that time was not far off when the Muslims will create civil disorders in India, endangering the life and property of the Hindus. Action against the Sangh is still under consideration. The Muslim League and the Khaksars remain inactive. Sir Abdullah Haroon, M.L.A. (Central) has appealed to the Muslim to celebrate the 23^rd March as Pakistan Day.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

18^th February 1942: Poet Hadi Bux ‘Misken’ and, Poet Syed Fatih Muhammad ‘ Misken’ of Tando Jahanyan breathes their last.[Gul Hayat Collection]

18^th February 1942: The Premiere of Sind return from New Dehli meets the governor of Sindh and discussed with him his discussions with congress leaders. [newspapers]

20^th February 1942: Social worker Bhagwan Kalwani is born at Tando Adam after partition migrates to Ajmir[Gul Hayat Collection]

21^st February 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation informs him that bodies like the Fidian-i-Islam , Rashtriya and others are busy in creating communal trouble between Hindus and Muslims.[D.O. No:77/F.R]

21^st February 1942: Thirty-eight crew of the cable ship “Store Nordiske” a Danish vessel under charter to the British Admiralty were released on the 21^st February and have been sent to Calcutta for repatriation to China under orders from the Government of India. They were paid their wages up to the date they left the ship and also three days maintenance.

The dispute resulting from the dismissal of certain hands of the Dalmia Cement Factory has not yet been settled. The Port Workers Union, Karachi, held a public meeting, attended by about four hundred persons, in which resolutions, assuring Government of the full co-operation of labor in the war effort and requesting Government to grant war allowance to laborers, were passed. The Karachi Electric supply Corporation Workers’ Union recently passed a resolution requesting Government to grant the same war allowance to the Workers in Karachi as has been granted workers of the Bombay Electric Supply Corporation.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

 

In the First half of February :Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The deterioration of the situation in the Far East and the Pacific in general and the last and critical press of the battle of Singapore in particular have been widely appointed upon, it being freely expressed that Singapore’s fall is imminent. The escape of three German battleship through Straits of Dover is regarded as very unfortunate and “a powerful addition to the German Battle Fleet which this spring is expected to give battle in the North Sea or against Russian in the Battle. (Sind Observer). Interest in the Libyan campaign has dwindled although the possibility of the Rome. In gathering sufficient forces to attack. Egypt is not altogether disregarded. There is little comment on the news from Russia. The assumption of military leadership by Nahas Pasha in Egypt has been welcomed.

The visit of Marshal Chaing-Kai-Shek has been acclaimed as an important event and papers of all shades have extended a hearty welcome to him and Madame Chiang-Kai-Shek. It is stated that the visit will lead to greater co-operation between India and China in their defense measures Japan. The “Daily Gazette” opines that Marshall Chaing-Kai-Shek would place India “under a deep debt of gratitude to him if he succeeds in persuading the Congress leaders to extend a hand of co-operation in this war of aggression even at the risk of having to withdraw all the legitimate and understandable condition imposed on such co-operation”. The “Hindu Sansaar” also prays that the Marshal may succeed in bringing about an honorable settlement of the questions.

The debate on India in the House of Lores was resort in all the papers and comments generally took the line the even conservative politicians like Lord Hailey realized the force of Indians demands for freedom. The “Muslim voice” a leading article under the caution “National Settlement” praised the frank statement of the Duke of Devonshire and his appreciation of the position of the Muslim League and expressed a hope that congress will not be appeased at the cost of the Muslim League. Nationalist papers continue to deplore the impasse adding that the absence of a settlement is a handicap to India’s war effort.

There is a general condemnation of outrage committed by the Hurs. The “Al-wahid”, a Muslim League organ remarks that if the Ministry unable to cope with the situation it is the duty of His Excellency the Governor to take dramatic steps to check the Hurs.

A reporter of the “Sind Observer” submitted a statement given by Miss Curie, who represents the New Yorks Horald Tribuno Syndicate and Allied Newspaper of London, on the set-backs suffered by Hitler in Russia which was passed for publication.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^thMarch, 1942.]

 In the First half of February the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The Japanese successes in the East Indies have occupied the public mind to the almost complete exclusion of the rest of the war. The fall of Singapore was looked upon as inevitable and as portending grave danger to India and Burma and doubts as to the outcome of the operations in Burma have been expressed. Disappointment continued to be shown with the news from Libya. Events in Russia, although recorded in the usual cabled news, have not received much comment. The escape of the three German warships from Brest has also been regarded as a severe blow. But though there is much questioning, there have been no signs of any panic nor of any incarnation for the general public to enlist for the various forms of A.R.P. work.

Every effort is being made to induce further recruitment to the A.R.P. services and a number of meeting have been held one of which was a meeting of the City journalist on the 10^thFebruary at the A.R.P. School Karachi, in which an appeal was made by the secretary to Government, Civil Defense, to all editors to co-operate with the authorities in measures of Civil Defense and to do all they could to keep the morale of the people in case of an emergency. The Provincial Press Adviser took the opportunity of reminding the editors of Press Notice No. IX.

Mr. Hold’s worth convened an informal meeting at Government House on the 13^th in which the Mayor of Karachi, some prominent businessmen and representatives of the banks were present. There was a discussion on the measures to stimulate interest in the Defense Bonds and Postal Cash Certificates. The question of appointing a non-official Provincial Loans Committee is under consideration.”[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of February 1942, 19^th February, 1942.]

In the Second half of February The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow:There has been a further deterioration in the situation in the Nawabshah and Thar Parkar Districts where the outrages committed by the Hur adherents of the Pir Pagaro have increased in number in spite of the fact that 7 Police officers an 454 other ranks of the Police over and above the normal strength of these districts have been on continuous duty in the affected areas, carrying out the most vigorous patrolling and investigation Dacoities with murder continue and the causality list for the past three months (December, 10 killed and 3 wounded; January , 5 killed and 11 wounded; February, 26 killed and 23 wounded) shows that the measures so far employed which have included demonstration marched by troops in mechanized transport are not proving effective. Thar is no doubt that extra ordinary measures are called for, the press of the ordinary law are of no avail. In view of the difficulties which have been raised in connection with promulgation of an Ordinance, Legislation is being resorted to but there is no doubt that measure which might have been effective two months ago will now be little use. It now seems probable that the extensive as of troops will be necessary. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

In the Second half of February Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The fall of Singapore has been regarded as a very serious calamity and a severe blow to British prestige. The coastal towns of India are now thought to be liable to attack from Japanese raiders. The papers, however, have avoided undue pessimism. The “Sind Observer” remarked. “All is not lost and the will to revenue remains as firm as ever.” While the general deterioration in the Far Eastern situation is regarded as one of the results of the “unimaginative” policy perused by Britain in regard to her Empire in the East, the implications of British reverses are ally recognized. The “Sind Observer” remarked: “The people of India and hoping and praying for the ultimate success of the Allies because in spite of Mr. Churchill and Mr. Amery, their future is with the “democratic Allies and not with the Totalitarian Axis.” The “Karachi Daily” hopes that Indians will teach a lesson to the Japanese what it means to disturb the peace of any nation. The “Hindu” remarked that Indians should be prepared to face the emergency bravely. Similar exhortations were made by all the important papers. The “Nizam” advocated the setting up of a “Volunteer Corps” and appealed to the rich to give financial in setting it up.

The reshuffling of the British Cabinet has been well received, particularly the appointment of Sir Stafford Cripps. The demand for a change at India Office continues.

The advice given to Britain by Marshal Chiang Kai-Shek in his parting message about the grant of political freedom to India evoked much enthusiasm. The “Sind Observer” regarded the Marshal as a “great ambassador of peace and goodwill.” The “Daily Gazette” remarked that Marshall Chiang Kai-Shek’s impassioned appeal for unity between India and China in fighting the aggressor will find a warm echo throughout the length and breadth of India. The Muslim press also praised the message given by Marshal Chiang Kai-Shek.

Almost all Karachi papers are writing about civil defense measures. The general criticism is that the public does not know what measures Government proposes or has already adopted to meet emergency. It is also stated that there is no co-operation between Government and the Karachi Municipal Corporation in respect of defense measures. The “Karachi Daily” goes to the extent of suggesting that the Karachi Municipal Corporation should be granted complete autonomy to devise measures for the defence of Karachi and that Government should only advise. All papers deprecate any tendency panic. The statement of the Honorable Premier to the effect that those who can leave Karachi conveniently may do so now, received much prominence and most of the papers endorsed the view of the Honorable Premier. The “Daily Gazette” published very prominently the statement of the Honorable Home Minister to the effect that so far there was no danger to Karachi. There is a demand that Government should issue a communicate stating clearly whether it wants people to leave Karachi.

A meeting of the Press Advisory Committee was called on 23^rd February, which was attended by the Hon’ble Minister, Home Department, and the Hon’ble Premier. The Hon’ble Minsiter, Home Department addressed the Committee explaining the harm which is done by defeatist writings and appealed for co-operation of the Committee in seeing that such writings were avoided. The members of the Committee stated that no paper deliberately feature defeatist headlines or wrote defeatist editorials, but that most of the news which came recently was in itself depressing and that the constitutional issue in India could not be divorced from the war. The nationalist press in Karachi, comprising mainly of four papers, the “Sind Observer”, “Karachi Daily”, the Hindu” and the “Sansar Samachaar”, takes the same attitude as that taken by the “Hindustan Times” and the editors of these papers put forward the same arguments for the expression of their views as the edit of the “Hindustan Times” did before the Hon’ble Home Member of Government of India. The Government of Sind have decided to take security from the “Sansaar Samachaar” and the “Karachi Daily” has been given final warnings. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

In the Second half of February the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The fall of Singapore and the Japanese advance in Burma have had a very depressing effect throughout the Province, but more particularly perhaps in Karachi City. Many disturbing rumors were current some to the effect that Calcutta and Madras were being evacuated. Returned Sind work merchants from Singapore, etc., have been responsible for some of the worst of them. So far, however, there has been no great rush to leave Karachi and the District Magistrate reports that evacuation has not assumed very serious proportions. There has been some evacuation by boat to the Cutch area and by train but evacuation by train has not necessitated the putting on of extra trains or even extra coaches. But more people may leave when the annual school examinations terminate on the 6^th March. The President of the Karachi City Muslim League and the President of Karachi District Congress Committee have jointly considered measures for civil defense and at the special meeting of the District Congress Committee on the 19^th February a sub-committee was appointed to collaborate with other organizations in such measures. Little interest is expressed in the news from other theatres of the war”. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of February 1942, 5th March, 1942.]

26^th February 1942: “Partap” (Sindhi weekly of Hyderabad) is warned for publishing the news item referred to above. [Gul Hayat Collection]

28^th February 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 38 (Under Defense of India Rules-26 by Sindh Government), 19(Under Defense of India Rules-129 by Sindh Government), Total is 57

(b)   Prosecuted: 2(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-81)= Total is 6.

In the Second half of February The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The criminal activities of the Hurs continue and there is no doubt, as I have personally explained in my recent visit to Dehli, that the outbreak will not be put down without the extensive use of military forces. There is little to add to the note I left with you except to say that the G. O.C of the western District is now in Karachi investigating the possibilities of such action. The latest serious outrage was the recent murder of the chief officer of the Khairpur State Police at Kenwari in the State. On receipt of the news all possible assistance was sent and arrangements were made in Dehli for the dispatch of Crown Representative Police Forces.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

1^st March 1942: Poet and PoliticianAbdul Khalik ‘Azad’ is born in Jumo Bhutto. [Gul Hayat Collection]

3^rd March 1942: PoetMuhammad Haroon ‘Udasi’ is born at Motani Mahar, Folklore Poet Faqir Muhammad Channo is born at Mahmood Khan Channo, Poet Faqir Shah ‘Miskeen’ Bukhari is born at Bori and Folklore Poet Talib Machhi  is born at Mian Waryal. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

4^th March 1942: The Sindh Assembly passes condolence resolution on the death of Khan Saheb Pir Rasol Bakhsh Shah and Jamnalal Bajaj. On this day K.B Allah Bux Soomro presented the budget estimates in the house for the financial year 1942-43 also [The proceedings of Sindh Assembly, dated: 4^th March 1942, Pg. 4-13]

5^th March 1942: Poet & Singer‘Dargahi’ Merani is born at Hunbah. [Gul Hayat Collection]

5^th March 1942: There is little political activity to report. The Karachi District Congress Committee convened a public meeting on the 5^th instant at the Khalikdina Hall, which was presided over by Dr. Popatlal A. Bhootpatkar, M.L.A. Speakers demanded the unconditional release of all detunes and security prisoners. Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., made an anti-British speech in which he stated that Indians were being crushed under the heels of the British Government for the last 150 years, that the Prime Minister and the representatives of the British Government in India were no better than Nazis and that there was no difference between a German concentration camp and the Deoli camp. The Congress reactions to the Prime Minister’s announcement were on the whole favorable. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

6^th March 1942: While taking part in the Sindh Assembly G.M Sayed bitterly criticized the political role of Congress in Sindh. He says that: “The results of this short-sighted policy of the Congress are too plain to need a detailed description by me here. The Muslims in Sind Have been forced in spite of their many handicaps and hardships to realise that while on the one hand they have been reduced to poverty and deprived of their just share of the amenities and advantages that their numerical strength entitles them in this Province, the Congress seeks to perpetuate their slavery by claiming to speak on behalf of India, so as to achieve Hindu oligarchy when Britain parts with power”. [The proceedings of Sindh Assembly, dated: 6^th March 1942, Pg. 57]

9^th March 1942: Journalist Mumtaz Mahar is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

9^th March 1942: The president of Sindh Provincial Muslim League writes to Nawab Zada Liaquat Ali Khan. The text of letter is under:

“Dear Sir,

I have the honour to invite your special attention to the Resolutions Nos. 13, 14 and 15 (copy enclosed), which have been passed by the Council of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League at its meeting held on the 8^th instant.

Hari problems in Sindh

 

The Council of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League hereby resolves that the policy of the Muslim League in this Province in respect of the Hari problem shall be an follows:

 

(a)        Permanent and inalienable tenancy rights be conferred upon the Haris in Sindh, and,

(b)        In the future Legislative Assembly of Sindh that will be constituted following revision of the constitution, such number of seats shall be exclusively reserved for the Haris as may be due to them on the basis of their actual population in the province.

 

Note:  This resolution have been referred to the Working Committee.

 

 

In views the fact that in these times and under present conditions every country and provinces has been trying to conserve its economic resource for its own people and to make provision for future  in its population, this council lays down the following policy for its own guidance as also for the guidance of the Sindh  Assembly Muslim League party:

 

1.         Agricultural lands in Sindh shall not be given in perpetuity or sold to Non-Sindhis, whatever the circumstances:

 

2.         Recruitment to Government services in Sindh shall be restricted only to Sindhis and domiciled Sindhis expect in the case of experts when their importation for furthering certain scientific and technical projects becomes absolutely inevitable; even in this respect, the Government may lay-out and introduce a plea whereby, within a certain period, Sindh becomes wholly self-contained; provided that in order to prevent the positively of Non-Sindhis being stealthily or otherwise included in that category, the term “domiciled” shall be so defined as to include only those persons who have personality settled down in Sindh for more than 25 years.

 

Note:-  This Resolution was referred to the Working Committee.

 

 

This council of he Sindh Provincial Muslim League emphatically protests against the proposed assignment of Makhi lands to ree-sindhis on the basis of certain conditions which are act only unsound but do positively offend against the sense of self-respect on the part of the people of Sindh. In the opinion of this Council, importation of foreigners under these conditions would create fresh difficult proteins in this province and would at the same time fail to produce the desired results. The purpose for which these lands are being given to outsiders can be achieved equally well, by letting their original owners have them subject to such conditions as the authorities may deem necessary to impose.

 

Yours faithfully

President

SINDH PROVINCIAL MUSLIM LEAGUE

Napier Road, Karachi”

9^th March 1942:  World War II badly effected Sindh Workis of Japan Today in response to Question asked by R.K. Sidhwa, In Sindh Assembly, it told that following Sindh workis returned to Sindh:

Tokyo:-                                                                        

A.N.Banerjee, P.C. Burmanary, K.C.Dutt, B.C.Gautama, K.S.Kaisi, G.K.Khanna, J.Mehta, S.Swarup.

Yokohama:-

B.G.Walker, Mrs.S.Walker, Miss V.Walker, Miss H.Walker, Miss.G.Walker, Miss.M.Walker, Miss.A.D.Walker, Miss.O.K.Walker, E.C.Wood, Idanmal Lokumal Daswani, Mrs.P.I.Daswani, Miss G.Daswani, Miss L.Daswani, B.E.Daswani, B.E.Daswani, L.E.Daswani, M.I.Daswani, A.E.Daswani, P.D.Detaramani, Gangaram Gulabrai (Sakrani),T.K.Harpalani, T.V.Hathiramani, Jhamatmal Motumal Sabrenani, Mrs.Devi Jhamatmal, R.Jhamatmal, L.Jhamatmal, Miss.B.jhamatmal, N.Khanchand, Idanmal P.Mahbubani, I.L.Mahtani, Mrs.P.Mahtani, Miss.B.I.Mahtani, Miss.B.T.Mahtani, R.Mahtani, T.Mahtani, L.Mehtani, G.Mahtani, R.Mahtani, Mrs.P.K.Melvani, Miss.K.K.Melvani, Miss.C.K.Melvani, Miss.S.K.Melvani, C.K.Melvani, Miss.K.K.Melvani, L.Nebhraj (Chullani), Naraindas Tirthdas Mirchandani, Mrs. Isarbai Narindas, Mrs.Lachmibai Bhagwandas Mirchandani, Jethanand Naraindas Mirchandani, Kishno Narinadas, Ram Narindas, Purshotam Naraindas, M.R.Patel, Tolaram Assanmal, Udharam Bhavandas Raisingani, H.T.Utamchandani, C.V.Vaswani, Mrs.D.C.Vaswani, Miss K.Vaswani, C.Vaswani.

Kobe:-

A.W.Hill, Mrs.A.W.Hill, A.Arab, Cecil Arab, J.A.Farias, Mrs.J.A.Farias, L.E.Farias, James Robb, E.L.Vas, Mrs.E.Vas, Master F.Vas, Master D.Vas, Miss.S.Vas, A.F.Vas, Miss.L.Vas, Miss.E.L.Wilson, Mrs.A.F.Vas, Noordin Abdullah, Kunj Lal Agarwal, Ebrahim Hossen Amra, Ranchodas Dharshi Ashar, Master Ashar, Miss Ashar, Abdul R.S.Baig, Champaklal Motchand Gagnani, Mrs.Kamlagavri C.Gagnani, Vrajlal Hijri Bhansali, Husaini Dahwoodbhai Casubhai, Jotindronath Chakravarti, Vissumal Isardas Chawla, A.A.Chinwalla, Hossain Yusoof Dadabhoy, Abdulkarim Cassim Dama, Mrs.Khairunnisa Abdul Karim Dama, Miss Gulrukhsar Dama, Miss.K.A.Dama, Miss.F.A.Dama, Master Hamid Dama, Sadhi Gagandas Daryani, Dhunjisa Rustonji Daver, Manulal Ramkrishin Dave. Maganlal Ranchhoji Desai, Ratilal Dhirajlal Desai, Lilaram Detaram, Mrs.Gyan Lal Devi, Miss.Subhadra Devi, Miss.Krishna Devi, Chellaram Hernandas Dodani, Ramchand Hernandas Dodani, Shantilal Panachand Doshi, Lokusing Harusing Donsinagani, Sheikh Rahmat Elahi, Husani Dahwoodbhoy Cassubhoy, Esmail Abdul Ganee, Mrs.Fatima Esmail Ganee, Master H.Ganee, Miss H.Ganee, Miss.Z.Ganee, Dawoodbhoy Ghulam Hussein Ganevivala, Abdul Ghafur, Vallabhdas Goculdas, Shamun Abdulkayam Goga, Mrs.Safiabai Shamun Goga, Miss.Khatiya Goga, Shamdas Rewachand Gulrajani, Parmanand Hassaram, Goerdhandas Rupchand Hathiramani, Khemchand Sawalani Hoondamal, Nathermal Hotchand, Ghanshyamprasad Kahandas Inamdar, Gopal Srinvias Iyengar, Lalchand Jiomal, Pranlal Sundviji Kapadia, Tarachand Natumal Khanna, Miss.S.Khanna, Miss.K.Khnna, Miss.P.Khanna, Dawood Hoosein Khatri, Mrs.Janaki Krishnamoorthy, Miss.Janki Krishnamoorthy, Master.S.Krishnamoorthy, Krishan Kuma S/o Durgandas, Chetanram Kiwalram Lalwani, Aboobucker Abdul Latiff, Jivatram Karamchand Maharaj, Mrs.Parpati Jeshanand Mahitani, Miss.K.Mahitani, Miss.Mahitani, Master Mahitani, Narain Jethanand Mahtani, Girdharilal Chandiram Mahitani, Nasir S.Mamaijiwalla, Abdeali Abdul Hussein Mansure, Vallimohamed Abdulkarim Maskatiya, Taher Haidarli Maradali, Mrs.Bachubai (Jivraj) Mathuradas, Amritlal Jivat Maun, Peermalhomed Meralli Master, Mrs.Koolsumbahi P. Maherali Master, Miss.N.Master, Miss.S.Master, Master S.Maher, Miss.R.Master, Maganlal Dharamchand Menghani, Ramlabhaya Mehra, Mrs.Dhanvati Ramlabhaya Mehra, Master.K.Mehra, Miss.N.K.Mehra, Harbhajandas Ramitmal Mehra, Mrs.Dargo Dei Mera, Miss.S.Mehra, Sib Dayal Mera, Nashoomal Metharam, Mrs.Dhanmai Darab Doshanbhai Mirzan, Master.K.Mirzan, Miss.K.Mirzan, Nanoomal Kisoomal Mirchandani, Habib Mohamed, Casam Ali Mohamed, Sobhraj Chattaram Motwani, Thakurdas Wadhumal Motwani, Kiratrai Deomal Moorjani, Master Moorjani, Kishinchand Kiratri Murjani, Badridan Mohamidaly Musabhoy, Mandanlal Dwarkadas Musumdar, Hassanali Nazarali (Master), Mrs.Kulsumbai Hassanally Nazarally (Master), Mrs.N.N.Nazarally (Master), Miss.M.Nazarally (Master), Master A.Nazarally (Master), Miss.R.Nazarallay (Master), Jamshed Mancekji Nanporia, Nanubhai Kalyanji Pandya, Matharbhai Tulsidas Patel, Lakmishanker Harishanker Pathak, Abdul Sattar Ajij Panawalla, Prabhakar Jayaram Pitale, Gropaldas Ranchnoddas (Nathoo), Hussainali Maksad Rangoonwalla, Chandumal Dayaram Sadhwani, Mrs.Mathribhai Lalchand Samtani, Master K.Samtani, Master R.Samtani, Dharamchand Seth, Dina Nath Sethi, V.D.ass Sharma, Manohar Janardham Shroff, Bhagai Singh, Harbans Singh S/o Narain Singh, Harnam Singh, Rajnit Singh S/o Harnamisingh, Haroomal Sitaram, Mrs.Indravarti H.Sitaram, Master V.K.Sitaram, Ibrahim Tayabhai Songerwalla, Esmail Haji Suleman, Manishanker Ramchandra Vaidya, Mrs.Amy Hormasji Vasumia, Master B.Vasumia, Master H.Vasumia, Dharamchand Widge, Mohammad Mulla Yayabhoy, Mrs. Asma Mohammad Mulla Yayabhoy, Miss.N.Yayabhoy.

Makden:-

Miss.J.Henderson, Miss.I.Mackintosh, Miss.C.O.White, Mrs.Mohnibhai Lalchand Shahani, Miss.G.Lalchand Shahani, Master.G.Lalchand Shahani, Master B.Lalchand Shahani.

Yokohama:-

J.Gabaretta, Miss.F.H.Gabaretta, B.G.Walker, Miss.S.Walker, Miss.V.Walker, Miss.H.Walker, Miss.G.Walker, Miss M.Walker, Miss.A.D.Walker, Miss O.K.Walker, E.C.Wood, A.Arab, Mrs.A.Arab, Cecil Arab, J.A.Farias, Mrs.J.A.Farias, L.E.Farias, A.W.Hill, Mrs.A.W.Hill, James Robb, E.L.Vas, Master F.Vas, Master D.Vas, Miss.S.Vas, A.F.Vas, Mrs.A.F.Vas, Miss.L.Vas, Miss.E.L.Wilson.

Mukden:-

Miss.C.O.White.

Kobe:-

D.M.Young, Mrs.D.M.Young (Japanes), Aliens, Miss.K.Sato (adopted child of D.M.Young).[The proceeding of Sindh Assembly dated 9^th March 1942 pg.98]

 

11^th March 1942: Sind Legislative Assembly is told that “Seven seats are reserved for Sindhi male students at the Grant Medical College, Bombay, and four seats are reserved for Sindhi lady students at the Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Dehli. [Proceeding of Sindh Legislative pg. 21]

In the First half of March Sir Abdullah Haroon, M.L.A. (Central), President of the Sind Branch of the Muslim League, has sent a cable to the Prime Minister stating that the Hon’ble Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh had been installed as Premiere by the Hindu element of the Legislative Assembly and that he does not represents the Sind Muslims, repudiating on behalf of the Muslim the contents of the cable sent by the Hon’ble Khan Bahadur Allah Bakhsh and putting that the Sind Muslims were opposed to the proposals made by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. The Sind Provincial Muslim League has passed a resolution holding the Hindus of Sind Provincial Muslim League has passed a resolution holding the Hindus of Sind responsible for the existing state of discontent and disorder in the province and suggesting the passing of agrarian and economics legislation to improve the condition of the cultivating classes. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

In the First half of March Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: There has been some improvement in the tone and headlines of the newspapers. There appears to be a greater realization of the danger to India and a greater appreciation of the effect of a negative attitude towards the war.

The attitude of press towards “China Day” was very helpful. Almost all the papers wrote editorials commending the part played by China in resisting Japanese aggression and emphasizing the unity of purpose between India and China. Even an extremist paper like the “Karachi Daily” observed: “The 7^th of March 1942 will remain memorable at least in the history of India and China, if not of the world, for an attempt by the British “Government to bring the two peoples of Asia closer “together” The “Sind Observer” and “Daily Gazette” brought out special supplements and the daily “Hayat” (Urdu) issued a China number.

The fall of Rangoon was received in a resigned and philosophical manner. The “Sind Observer” thought that “Japan has swallowed more than she can digest”. The “Daily Gazette” observed that “to depress the national “morale would be to deny the God in man and enthrone Satan.”

Mr. Churchill’s announcement on India has been received very favourably. There was a chorus of approbatior on the choice of Sir Stafford Cripps. The “Sind Observer” appealed to all Indians to make his mission “a resounding success so as to strike terror in the minds of enemies of India, who are proposing to invade the country and “force it into slavery.” The “Daily Gazette” thought that the change of heart for which the Indians have been pleading for so many years has come at last. The “Sansar Samachar” and the “Hindus Sansar” welcomed Sir Stafford Cripps’ Mission.
The daily “Hayat” observed that the appointment of Sir Stafford Cripps was a proof of the sincerity of the British Government in ending the present deadlock.

The central budget came in for a good deal of criticism. It was observed that no bold proposals of taxing monopolies have been put forward. The “Sind Observer” remarked that if a nationalist Government is formed at the center it will have to devise bolder methods of taxation. The “Hindu” remarked that no attempt was made to touch the salaries of High Government officials.

The “Hayat” in a leading article under the caption “Uncivilized Treatment of Indians” commented upon the speech made by Mr. Jumabhoy, President of the Indian Chamber of Commerce, Singapore, at the meeting of the federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce hold in Dehli and regretted that indiscriminate treatment should have been meted out to Indians at a time when their whole-hearted co-operation is needed in the successful prosecution of the war.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

12^th March 1942: Public meetings arranged by the local branches of the Sindh Muslim league at Kambar, Dokri and Gatahar declare that they will not accept any move minus Pakistan.
1948: Karachi is declared as the capital of Pakistan. Kelat asks for three months to decide amalgamation with Pakistan.

15^th March 1942: Poet Laxman Dubi is born at Village Shar after partition he migrates to India. [Gul Hayat Institute]

In the First half of March the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The News of the fall of Rangoon was received much more calmly that that of the loss of Singapore. This was partly because it was generally held that Singapore was a far stronger position to defend than Rangoon but was also due to the fact that the news was received at about the same time as the announcement of the Visit of Sir Stafford Cripps to India was made. This announcement was very favorably received in all quarters and to some extent diverted attention from the position in Burma.
There are many more rumors current about events in Malaya and Singapore and there is a feeling that Indians in the Far East received less consideration generally than did Europeans. So far however, in spite of the uneasiness prevailing evacuation from Karachi has not reached any serious proportions although it has necessitated some strengthening of the existing train service of the North-Western Railway.

“China Day” was observed all over the province on the 7^th March. There were meetings at all the district headquarters and in the town at which resolutions were passed praising the resistance offered by China against Japanese aggression and condemning the civil intentions of Japan towards India. Processions of school children were taken out with banners and flags were sold. Approximately Rs. 18000 have so far been collected towards the China Fund”. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of March 1942, 20^th March, 1942.]

In the Second half of Sir Stafford Cripps and his discussions with the Indian leaders are the main interest. Opinions, unfortunately, are colored very largely by communal considerations. The Hindus consider that the proposals will lead to the breaking up of the unity of India while the Muslims appear to be more satisfied, not so much because they consider the proposals as a fulfillment of their demands as because they do not seem to find favor with the Hindus. There is no organized public opinion in this provinces and further reactions to the Cabinet proposals will depend upon the decision of the Congress and the Muslim League. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March 1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

In the Second half of March The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Outrages by the Hur Followers of the Pir Pagaro continue and fourteen crimes involving robbery dacoity, incendiaries and murder were committed by them during the fortnight under review resulting in the death of thirteen persons and in injury to twelve others. There was an attack on Bhitshah Railway Station in the Hyderabad District, some damage was done and Rs 105/- stolen and there have also been three cases of the cutting of telegraph wires. The most serious incidents was an attack  by some fifteen Hurs, reported to have come from Bahwalpur State, on the village of a rival Pir, the Pir of Bharchundi in the Sukkur District. During the attack nine inhabitants of the village were killed and five injured. Causalities among the Hurs are reported to be six killed and two injured. Special steps are being taken to protect the village as further attack on it is expected. 
As we had failed to secure assent to the promulgation of an ordinance to assist in dealing with the problem, a Hur Outrage Suppression Bill was passed in a secret session of the Legislative Assembly. The Bill is awaiting the assent of the Governor-General.

Government have now appointed an experienced I.C.S officers as Additional District Magistrate with an additional District Superintendent of Police in the three affected talukas of Thar Parkar and Nawabshah Districts and he will be in complete charge of that area. His first task will be to assess the position, for this he is being accompanied by a field officer from the regiment stationed at Hyderabad, and to submit his recommendations for operations against the Hurs and their strongholds. That his recommendations will involve the extensive use of troops is certain and the real question at issue will be whether the troops will be able to give sufficient help while acting in aid of the civil power or whether the promulgation of martial law will be found necessary. As far as information ‘goes at present, the odds are on martial law being inevitable.  [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March 1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

 In the Second half of March Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The chief topic of interest has been Sir Stafford Cripps and the negotiations in Dehli. Practically all the front page headlines during the fortnight were in connection with his “mission”. The Karachi journalists were much disappointed at not being able to interview Sir Stafford Cripps on his arrival in Karachi. There was a tone of hopefulness in most of the editorials till the 30^th March when the Cabinet proposals were publicly announced. The papers are now waiting for a lead from the Congress or the Muslim League, as the case may be, before commenting in detail on the proposals but the immediate reactions to the scheme are unfavorable. Even the “Daily Gazette” in most respects moderate considers the proposals as a “challenge to India’s nationalism”. The “Sind Observer” regards the offer as “clever but clumsy”, although it concedes that the proposals are “liberal and generous”. The main criticism is regarding the reservation of defense and the clause permitting a province to remain outside the Union, if it so desires, “which may result at the Balkanistation of India after the war”. (“Sind Observer”) Muslim League papers have not commented so far.

The fall of the Andamans was expected but it none-the-less considered ominous and Ceylon is considered to be the next objective of the enemy. There is little interest in the news from Russia, Libya, etc.

Some papers have published leaders on the “Scorched earth” policy. The “Hindu” endorsed the view expressed by Mahatama Gandhi against the scorched earth policy in India and stated that the policy if pursued will be suicidal to Indian industries which are still in their infancy and also result in acute unemployment. The “Sansar Samachar” wrote in the same strain. The “Hayat”, a Muslim Daily, while commenting on the scorched earth policy remarked that the opposition to the scorched earth policy came from the capitalists who had already grown fat on the earnings made possible owing to the conditions of war.
There is a general complaint regarding the ineffectiveness of the Government control of prices. It is stated that while the price of the wheat is fixed at Rs 5/8/- a maund it is actually being sold at Rs. 8 or Rs. 9 per maund and that it is difficult even to secure good flour in the market. 
Owing to a strike in the “Sind Observer” Press there was no issue of the “Sind Observer” on the 27^th, 28^th, 29^th and 30^th March. The paper has reappeared from the 31^st March. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March 1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

 

In the Second half of March the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Newspaper and other comment on the war has been so subordinated to that dealing with the presence and activities in India of Sir Stafford Cripps that it is somewhat difficult to gauge local reactions for the fortnight. But anxiety is still being expressed regarding the trend of operations in Burma and there is a fear, more or less general, of invasions. The progress of the war in Russia, Libya, etc. is receiving somewhat scanty attention.

Greater interest is being taken in A.R.P matters and a Civic Defense Committee has been formed in Karachi, including representatives of the Congress, the Muslim League and other organizations. The Managing Committee consists of fifteen members. Mr. M.H. Gazdar, M.L.A., Mayor of Karachi, is the Chairman. The Committee has not yet defined its functions or program, but it will be allowed to organize volunteers so long as there is no attempt to run a parallel A.R.P. Organization.

The Figures of Saving Bank withdrawals in Sind show that in the recent months the rush was largest in the fourth week of February when the net Savings Bank withdrawals amounted to Rs. 2, 09,237 as compared to the withdrawals of Rs. 6,528 in the corresponding week in the year 1941. There has been gradual decrease in withdrawals since then, the figures for the first, second and third weeks of March being Rs 1,26,032, Rs. 1,52,927 and Rs. 1,06,881 respectively in the first week of March, increased to Rs. 1,43,790 in the second week and dropped to Rs. 97,000 in the third week. Discharges in the corresponding weeks in 1941 were Rs. 45,407, Rs. 45,635 and Rs. 57,301 respectively. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of March 1942, 4^th April, 1942.]

 

21^st March 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India informing him that the Bill for the supersession of the Hurs has been passed by the legislative Assembly and it was some sort of great achievement. [D.O. No: 114/F.R.]

25^th March 1942: “Sansar Samachar” (Daily Sindhi of Karachi) is warned for depositing security of Rs. 1000/- demand under the Indian Press (Emergency Powers) Act, 1931. [Gul Hayat Collection].

26^th March 1942: Religious Scholar and EditorMoulana Abdul Wahab Chachar is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

31^st March 1942: The dispute In the Dalmia Cement Factory, referred to in my previous report, has been settled in the favor of the workers. The management have accepted the award, but there are signs that the trouble is not yet over. About twenty-five laborers of the Asian Flour Mills struck work on the 31^st March as a protest against the discharge of one of their co-workers. They resumed work, however, after a couple of hours, when the proprietor of the Mill pointed out to then that their action was illegal as they had given no notice of the strike to the management. About 400 copies working in the Government Timber Depot, West Wharf, Karachi, went on strike on the 1^st April and demanded an increase in their daily wages. They were replaced at once by the Military Technical Institute and N.E.D Engineering Works suspended work on the 30^th March as they were not granted the “Id-e-Milad” holiday. They resumed work and were allowed a half holiday.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

31^st March 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 47 (Under Defense of India Rules-8), 6(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 35(Under Defense of India Rules-129), 5(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-22),1 (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 31(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-45), 38(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-93), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-120)=Total is 133

(b)   Prosecuted: 2(Under Defense of India Rules-8) total is 2

(c)    Convicted: 5(Under Defense of India Rules-6, 39(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-22), (Under Defense of India Rules-24), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 31((Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-45), 38(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 4(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-93), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-120), Total is 126.

1^ST April 1942: Poet & ScholarDr.Bashir Ahmad ‘Shad’ Pathan is born in Shikarpur later on shifts to Larkano. He did Ph.D under the supervision of Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan. It is worth note that his son Dr. Ehsaan Danish did Ph.D and Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan was his co-guide. [Gul Hayat Collection].

2^nd April 1942: PoetGhulamRasool ‘Ghulam’ Jatoi is born in Sttardino Sangi. [Gul Hayat Collection].

4^th April: Research Scholar Dr.Arz Muhammad Unar is borin in Allah Vasayo,

 Writer Zahid Ali Magsi is born in Dadu. [Gul Hayat Collection]

4^th April 1942: There is a feeling of frustration at the unsuccessful results of Sir Stafford Cripps mission and there is little appreciation of the difficulties inherent in the situation. As usual the British accused of lack of sincerity. The Congress celebrated “National Week” by holding meeting and by carrying on street propaganda. References were made to the Jallianwalla Bagh incident and dissatisfaction was expressed at the proposals brought by Sir Stafford Cripps. The Sind Provincial Forward Bloc held a public meeting on the 31^st March to rejoice at the contradiction of the news of the death of Mr. Subhas Chandra Bose. The meeting was attended by about 500 persons and the speeches delivered were strongly anti-British and the anti-war. The Sikhs held their annual Diwan in Karachi from the 4^th to 6^th April. Resolutions were passed requesting Government to grant separate representation to the Sikhs in the Sind Legislative Assembly, on het Karachi Municipal Corporation and in Government services, and to recognize Gumukhi as a medium of instruction for Sikh schools in Sind. At the request of the local Sabha, the military authorities had permitted fifteen Sikhs of the R.I.A.S. and I.A.O.C to attend the Diwan. One of the speakers remarked that the Germans had invented weapons for modern warfare by following the teachings of the Vedas and the Sikhs, who were born to rule, were now selling themselves for 15/- each while a pair of bullocks cost Rs. 300.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

6^th April 1942: Religious Scholar & Freedom Fighter Moulana Muhammad Baejvi breathes his last. [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th April 1942: ActorKhealdas Golani is born in Bilawalpur later on migrates to Ulhasnagar.[Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th April 1942: Artist Molo Pamnani is born in Thatto later on migrates to Baroda [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th April 1942: The failure of the Cripps mission continued to provide a topic for discussion, but interest mainly centered itself on Mr. Rajagopalacharia. His statement caused a great sensation but while some sections of opinion praised him for his realism, the general feeling of the local Congress has been against him. It was generally expected that he would receive little support at Allahabad.

There have been the usual flag salutation ceremonies and the hackneyed Jallianwalla Bagh speeches, but little other congress activity. The Baluch League Working Committee has decided to raise volunteers and if necessary to co-operate with the Civic Defense Committee and the A.R.P. organization. Small public meetings were held by the Sind Forward Bloc and the speeches delivered were anti British and objectionable. A Sikh Diwan, attended by about 400 people, was held on the 13^th April and speeches were made on “Jallianwalla Bagh” and also on the Cripps proposals. About 100 sikhs military sepoys who were in mufti were present.

The Honorable Khan Bahadur Allahbakhsh, Premier of Sind, has proceeded on a tour of the province to inaugurate and organize the National War Front movement. He has begun his campaign with speeches at Jacobabad and Sukkur which apparently have been well received. It is hoped to make the movement a real live one.

The sudden death of Haji Sri Abdoola Haroon, M.L.A. (Central) is regarded as a serious loss to the Muslim League in Sind.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

14^th April 1942: PoetSyed Madad Ali Shah ‘Manzar’ is born in Mahota. [Gul Hayat Collection]

20^th April 1942: The Mirpurkhas Gazette (Sindhi weekly of Mirpurkhas) is warned the news regarding the damage done to ship building yard at Vizagapatam was not correct. [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the First half of April The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The Hur trouble continues and thirty three crimes of murder, robbery and dacoity were committed by the Pir’s followers during the fortnight. Fourteen deaths and twenty-one cases of injury resulted. The Special Additional Magistrate has taken charge as a preliminary has carried out a reconnaissance march through the Makhi Dhand reported to be the chief stronghold of the ringleaders of the revolt. An early report from his is expected but meanwhile, on his recommendation, over 700 Hurs have been arrested and confined to jail in order to clear the countryside of abettor’s sympathizers. Until his report is received, the general plan of campaign cannot be settled and our efforts are at present concentrated on strengthening our Police and in securing outside assistance. His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General has given his assent to the Hur Outrage Suppression Bill.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

 

 In the First half of April the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Local feeling is again somewhat difficult to sum up but although there is no sign of panic, there is no doubt that the general position in Burma and the apparent naval superiority of Japan in the Bay of Bengal as instanced by the attacks on Ceylon, Vizagapatam and Coronado and the losses suffered by our naval forces, have had a depressing affect and the fear of invasion looms large. But what expression there is mainly takes the form of regrets that the negotiations with Sir Stafford Cripps have failed to produce a settlement with Sir Stafford Cripps have failed produce a settlement which would have enabled India to put forward her maximum effort towards the prosecution of the war. Events elsewhere continue to excite comparatively little interest. Thirty-five thousand people left Karachi by rail during the period 1^st to 14^th April but without a detailed analysis of the figures of arrivals and departures, it is not possible to discuss the significance of this figure, there is most certainly no evidence of a general exodus from the city”.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of April 1942, 18^th April, 1942.]

In the Second half of April The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The Hurs still hold the centre of the stage. Eighteen crimes of violence have occurred during the period under report resulting in 6 deaths and 5 cases of injury. There have also been instance of the breaching of canals and of the burning of crops. The securing of firearms is one of the main motives for many of the Hur raids and there is no question that the possession of a firearm is a positive danger in a vest number of cases. The police forces at the disposal of the Special Additional District Magistrate have now been reinforced by 6 platoons of the North-West Frontier Province Constabulary and by 2 platoons of Zhob Militia and further assistance has been promised from the Punjab. Thus strengthened, the District Magistrate is now pursuing a policy of clearing up the open areas of the affected talukas combined with rounding up operations in the Makhi Dhand. As a further preliminary to more intensive action, the Pir’s bungalow at Garang was raided in the early morning of the 30^th April and the Pir’s Family removed there from and brought to Karachi. This was done as the presence of the family in the heart of the Hur country was considered to provide a stimulate to the criminal activities of the Hurs which it was necessary to remove. The raid on the bungalow was without incident and care was taken to have a lady present to deal with the lady members of the family as they are purdah. Wide publicity was given to the nature of this arrangement by means of the issue of a Press Note. The bungalow is being searched prior to its complete destruction which it is hoped will be a step towards the eradication of the Pir’s influence. Government are now considering the further disposal of the family.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

 In the Second half of April the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “There is no marked change in the general attitude towards the war. The position in Burma is recognized to be exceedingly grave, if not hopeless, and there is much speculation as to the next move of the Japanese. Even so, however, many seem to be content to wait upon the Congress decision and there is little positive feeling one way or the other. Movement from Karachi has slowed down somewhat during the fortnight, but there is no doubt that a real scare might arise at any time and would lead to large scale evacuation of the city, especially of the Hindu element. As for A.R.P., the publicity campaign which was launched to stimulate recruitment has led to more interest being shown and the number of Wardens has increased to 720 as against 539 at the end of March last. The services as a whole are, however, still far below minimum strength.

The Karachi Civic Defense Committee met again on the 11^th under the chairmanship of Mr. M.H. Gazdar, M.L.A. a local Muslim Leaguer. It decided to collect subscription to enable volunteers have so far had little or no results”. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

Second Half of April: The Labor situation is definitely disturbing. There have been strikes or threats of strikes from the employees of the Lighter age Companies, Keamari, the Dalmia Cement Company, the East India Tramways Company, the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation, the Ganesh Khopra Mills and Tin Factory, the Sandal Shop workers (chaplies) and from sections of the dock workers. In some cases demands for increased wages caused the trouble but the main question being raised is that of advances to employees to enable them to remove their families from Karachi. This issue is being raised particularly in the case of the larger concerns such as the Tramways Company and the Electric Supply Corporation and it would appear probable that Government will have to refer the question for adjudication. The principal investigators of the strike in the Dalmia Cement Company have been challaned under the Defense of India Rules and their trail is proceeding.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

25^th April 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation and informs him that “there is genuine disappointment that the Cripps Mission was unsuccessful in Sind”. [D.O. No: 154/F.R.]

27^th April 1942: Freedom Fighter Haji Abdullah Haroon breathes his last in Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

29^th April 1942: The Mirpurkhas Gazette (Sindhi weekly of Mirpurkhas) is warned to advise the Editor to avoid writing defeatist articles. [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th April 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 33 (Under Defense of India Rules-129)

(b)   Prosecuted: 9 (Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-20), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-22), 49(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 13(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 7(Under Defense of India Rules-81) Total is 79.

Second Half of April: Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The Press has concerned itself with the dangerous position in Burma and the threat of hostile action against India, but politics seem still to be considered more important than war.

M.Laval’s return to power has shown how helpless the Vichy France was. The “Sind Observer” remarked. However had a man Laval may be, it does not simply pay the Allies to make a present of him to Hitler. He and the aged Marshal have to be handled very carefully whatever their aberrations.” The “Daily Gazette” observed: Laval’s return to power has given rise to serious misgivings in Washington and Allied capitals”. The “Hindu” wrote, “The appointment of M.Laval as the French Premiere indicates that France will in all probability enter the war on the side of Germany. The “Hindu Sansar” remarked that the fall of France was indeed regrettable and that it would be difficult to find a parallel for France’s ignoble fall in the history of the world.

The news of the bombing of Japanese cities was favorably received. The “Hindu” Wrote “The bombing of the Japanese cities was only a beginning of an offensive against the Axis powers. “The Daily Gazette” observed: “The raid has been hailed both in America and England”.

Hitlers speech is regarded as apologetic, Commenting upon it the “Sind Observer” remarked “There is no doubt that he is a tight corner. His much published spring offensive is a gambler’s last throw: if it rails, it will mean not only the end of his political career but also the end of war for German. “The Daily Gazette” observed: “Reading between the lines the shrewd observer cannot fail to realize that Hitler is preparing the Germans for a further series of reverses”. It added: “The fact remains that the (Hitler) has seen the writing on the wall and is begginig at long last to lose faith in his own invincibility.”

The action taken by certain Provincial Governments against certain papers without consulting the Press Advisory Committees was severely criticized by newspapers. The “Sind Observer” remarked: “The fact of the matter seems to be that there is an all-in Dehli, not so much because of the fear of foreign invasion but due to the failure of the Cripps Mission.” The “Hindu”wrote that the action against the “Bombay Sentinal” , the “Partap” of Lahore and the “Yugantra” of Calcutta without regard to the Press Advisory Committee constituted a flagrant violation of the Dehli Agreement and advised the Government of India to seek the co-operation of the press rather than gag it. The “Hindu Sansar” remarked: We do not desire that irresponsible journalism should be tolerated but at the same time responsible journalism should not be suppressed. Where is the need of setting up the farce of Press Advisory Committees, when they are not consulted before any action is taken against newspaper?”

The Madras resolution favoring Pakistan had a mixed reception. The “Daily Gazette” and the “Al-wahid” welcomed the lead given by Rajaji. The former wrote: “A public known for its sense of fairness will not take long to realize that Rajaji is not the “Pakistani” his enemies unscrupulously make him out to be, but he is only offering a first class prescription to cure Pakistanis of their suicidal mania. He laughs best who laugh last.” The latter observed that Rajaji had given right lead to the country. The “Sind Observer” did not favor the Madras resolution and remarked: “We say it is more insane to set up a Pakistan which will lead to civil war.”[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of April 1942, 5^th May, 1942.]

1^st half Of May:There has been little political activity. Dr. Gopichand Bhargaya, a Congress leader from the Punjab, made a tour of the province and addressed a number of meetings in which he stressed the constructive program of the Congress and the need of treating Hindustani as the lingua franca of the country. In some meetings he made anti-war and anti-British speeches.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

 

1^st half Of May: Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: While the English newspaper continue to feature the war news in their front pages, the vernacular newspaper give more prominence to the news of the outrages committed by the Hurs. The editorial columns of the vernacular press are almost entirely devoted to the question of internal security.

The Mauling of the Japanese navy in the Coral Sea has been greatly welcomed and occupation of Madagascar by the Allies has been hailed as very timely. Hopes have been expressed that the spring offensive of Hitler will be met by the Russians with the same determination and courage as shown by those brave people hitherto. The news of the R.A.F. attacks on Germany and occupied France has been welcomed and it is hoped that the raids will be kept up. The bombing of the eastern towns of Assam has not evoked very much comment.

The controversy regarding the attitude of Mr. Rajagopalacharia towards Pakistan continues, the “Sind Observer” and other Hindu papers strongly deprecating his move and foretelling his doom.

The National War Front scheme has received much publicity during the fortnight and the speeches made by the Honorable Premier and the Provincial Organizer, National War Front, have been reported in most of the papers. The only paper which has commented adversely on the National War Front is the “Sind Observer”, which remarked that there can be no national enthusiasm for the war till India’s political status is improved.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

 

1^st May 1942: May Day was celebrated by the Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress as well as the Radical Democratic Party. The former held a meeting under the president ship of Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A., and some of the speeches made were anti-British. Resolutions were passed appealing for improvement in the conditions of service of laborers under the Defense of India Rules, requesting Government to appoint a tribunal immediately to settle labor disputes in Karachi and requesting Government to withdraw the cases under the Defense of India Rules against certain Dalmia Cement Factory Wokers. The Radical Democratic Party passed resolutions of an anti-Facist nature and exhorted people to help in war effort. It also passed a resolution asking Government to release the Dalmia Cement workers who had recently been arrested.

The Labor situation itself is a little easier. The strike of the Dalmia Cement workers ended on the intervention of certain members of the Radical Democratic Party when the workers were persuaded to return. At the Ganesh Khopra Mills and Tin Factory the Management have accepted all the demands of the workers. The Coal Stack workers in the Dock area went on strike, demanding increases in wages. They agreed to return on the promise of an interim increase of 2 annas per day and a final settlement by arbitration. About 150 coolies working in the various godowns in Karachi suspended work demanding an increase of pay, which was secured at the intervention of Mr. N.A. Bechar. Coolies working in the North-Western Railway Goods Yard demanded an increase of wages which was also secured.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

5^th May 1942: “Hindu Sangathan” (Sindhi daily of Sukkur) is warned for publishing an article in an objectionable language. [Gul Hayat Collection]

6^th May 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation informs him that Hurs are creating problem and cutting irrigation bunds and branches in respective areas. [D.O. No: 164/F.R.]

6^th May 1942: Nawab Zada Liqauat Ali Khan sends copy of letter to Yousuf Haroon, dispatched to him by Mr. Sri Prakash M.L.A. (Central) of Banaras

Sevashrana

Banares

April 29, 1941

 

My dear Nawabzada Saheb,

I am indeed shocked to read of the sudden death of my esteemed friend and colleague, Sir Abdolla Haroon. I can never forget his personal kindness and courtesy to me during the years we have been members of the Assembly together. The kindliness of his nature the charity of his disposition, the sympathetic attitude which he brought to bear on everything and his deep knowledge of affairs coupled with the childlike simplicity of his nature greatly attracted me to him. It is indeed unfortunate that the cruel hand of death should have removed him in the midst of his usefulness.

 

I write to send you and your Party my sincere condolences in your great loss. I shall also be obliged if you will convey my sympathy to the members of the bereaved family. I regret I know none of them myself personally and so I am unable to write direct. I hope you will please not mind this trouble.

 

Trusting all is well with you,

 

I am,

Yours sincerely,

(Sri Prakash)

 

 

7^th May 1942: Writer & Social workerGurmukh Sing Tahliani born in Karachi later on migrates to Ajmir. [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th May 1942: “Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing a misleading headline. [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th May 1942: “Hindu Samachar” (Sindhi weekly of NawabShah) is warned for publishing prophecies of a defeatist nature. [Gul Hayat Collection]

16^th May 1942: “Dukhayal” (Sindhi weekly of Larkana) is warned for strongly worded article under the caption: “A cursory review of the history of the National Week”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

16^th May 1942: “Hindu Sansar” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for writing an interoperate article under the caption: “In memory of the Martyrs”. [Gul Hayat Collection]

16^th May 1942: “Mirpurkhas Gazette” (Sindhi weekly of Thar-Parkar) is warned to advise the editor to avoid publishing anonymous letters received from the followers of the Pir Pagaro. [Gul Hayat Collection]

16^th May 1942: The Congress Committee, Sukkur, held a meeting to observe an Indian Mutiny Martyrs Day, the first time such meeting has been held in Sind. It was attended by about 150 persons. Speeches were in the main anti-British and gave a highly colored version of the Mutiny.

Dr. Choithram P. Gidvani, Mr. GHanshyam Jetharand and Mr. Doulatram Jairamdas, three Congress M.L.A.s , have been vehemently condemning Government for its inability to deal with the Hurs but the main feeling among Congress men appears to be one of complete bewilderment owing to Mahatama Gandhi’s solution for the ending of the trouble. The advice tendered has proved far from popular although it is said that one prominent leader is willing to live among the Hurs and attempt to convert them to non-violence if he is given adequate protection. The utterances, however, of the persons referred to above gave rise to some speculations regarding possible changes in the Ministry, but the reply of His Excellency to the Bombay Sindhi Association, which has called upon him to assume responsibility for law and order in the province, characterizing the Association’s proposal as retrograde and stating that there had been throughout complete agreement between him and his Ministers, has set these speculations at rest. It is reported that the Forward Bloc contemplate opening a regular branch office in Karachi. Tickets with some resemblance to one rupee and ten rupee notes and bearing the photograph of Subhas Chandra Bose have been issued by Alim T. Gidwani. They appear to be receipts for contributions to the Forward Bloc Swaraj Fund.

The Working Committee of the Sind Provincial Muslim League met on the 16^th May to elect a President in place of the late Sir Abdullah Haroon. There were two candidates, Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro. M.L.A., and Mr. Yousuf Haroon, and a split seemed likely in the League ranks. The trouble was tided over by the postponement of the election and it was decided that Khan Bahadur M.A. Khuhro should carry on the affairs of the League meanwhile.

[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

18^th May 1942: “Sind Sevtak” is warned for published the news of the forced landing of some American planes in Cutch which was in contravention of the provisions of clause 7 of the Press Notice No. VI of the press instructions for war. [Gul Hayat Collection]

20^th May 1942: Shaikh Abdul Majid Sindhi sends telegram to Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan informing him that “Working Committee and Council of the Sindh Muslim League Unanimously recommended Yosuf Abdullah Haroon for Central Assembly by election and in this regard your decision is followed in letter and spirit. [Muslim League Documents]

In the First half of May The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The “Hur” situation has very definitely worsened during the fortnight and the following crimes have been committed by the Pir’s “murids’ since my last report:-

Thirty-four crimes involving dacoity and murder (including two derailments of trains) in which 33 persons have been killed and 44 injured. Of these, 24 persons were killed and 27 injured in the derailment of the Karachi-Lahore Mail on the night of the 16^th instant and in the looting and murdering carried on by the Hurs after the train had been put out of action. Among the injured were 7 Europeans.

Six offences against railway property (including the two derailment on the North-Western Railway), one attack on a railway station on the Jodhpur Railway in which an Assistant Station Master was murdered and two cases of telegraph wire cutting.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

In the First half of May the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “During the past fortnight our local troubles the Hurs in particular, have monopolized local attention and the safety of life and property in the mofussil is apparently a more burning topic than the war. Consequently the struggle in Burma, events in the Pacific and what may be the opening of Hitler’s spring offensive in Russia have caused little comment. The prompt action in Madagascar has received general approval but there is no question that fear of internal disturbance in more evident than fear of any other untoward happening. The Hindus in the richer towns are extremely nervous especially about their money but they are not prepared to invest it towards the furtherance of the war.

There was a combined display of tanks, aero planes, and anti-aircraft guns at Clifton on the 14^th May 1942. It was witnessed by His Excellency the Governor and a large crowd of about thirty thousand people who seemed greatly impressed by the anti-aircraft firing and the bombing and machine gunning from the air of a dummy village. The aircraft employed included Flying Fortresses, Hurricanes, Mohawks, Lockheeds and Blenheims.

The Radical Democratic Party celebrated India Defence Week commencing on the 26^th April. Street Propaganda was carried out and five meetings were held. The speakers stressed the need for fighting Fascism and Nazism, supported the scorched earth policy, demanded arms from Government for the protection of the public in times of danger and exhorted the audience to raise volunteer corps in their respective localities. Movement from the city of Karachi has slowed down still further.

The Honorable Premier has completed his preliminary tour of the province in connection with the National War Front. He addressed representative gatherings in all headquarter towns and proposes to make a more extended tour later. Progress so far is encouraging”. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of May 1942, 20^h May, 1942.]

13^th – 15^th May 1942: As a protest against the supposed inadequacy of the proposals for advances of salary to workers to send their families away from Karachi, ten employees of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation have tendered their resignations and more are expected to follow. The general question, however, of advance to workers for the purpose of sending families out of Karachi is being referred to a Judge of the Chief Court for award. About 100 employees of the Dalmia Cement Factory met on the 15^th May and passed a resolution requesting Government to remit the sentences of the 20 workers sent to jail in connection with the last strike. After the meeting they decided to give up their associations with the All India Trade Union Congress and to join the Indian Federation of Labor under Mr. M.N. Roy. The speakers urged that if the Company failed to grant their outstanding demands, two months’ notice should be given to the Management and a strike declared. About 40 camel cart drivers employed in the New Ghali Godown struck work demanding higher wages on the 14^th May, but the strike was called off the same day as the employees promised to refer their case to the Manager, Transport Carriers Association. About 600 coolies working in the Government Timber Depot, West Wharf, Karachi, refused to work overtime on the 13^th May as the proprietor of the contracting firm was alleged to have assaulted one of the cooly jamadars. The strikers left the Depot and on the following day other men were engaged. Mr. N. A. Bechar, M.L.A., President of the Factories Workers Union has made certain demands on behalf of the workers from the Dock Engineering Works, Kiamari, which have been agreed to be referred to arbitration. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

In the Second Half Of May: Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The crimes committed by the Hurs continue to be the main news items in this province and news of the war is trained as being of secondary importance. The situation on the China front is regarded with misgiving, although events in Russia are still considered encouraging in spite of the loss of Kerch. Comments on the end the Burman campaign take the view that the army did the best that it could do in the circumstances. Mahatma Gandhi’s advice that the Sind Ministry and Congress M.L.As. should resign and form Peace Brigades was generally criticized and attributed to Mahatma Gandhi’s ignorance of the conditions of Sind. Only two paper’s supported Mahatma Gandhi’s ignorance of the conditions of Sind. Only two papers supported Mahatma Gandhi, the “Hindu” and the “Sansar Samachar”. The “Hindu Sansar” criticized the local Congress for resolving that Government should not have kept the Pir Pagaro in jail without trial. The “Sansar Samachar” published an extract from the “Vir Bharat” of the Punjab which implied that the Muslim League was responsible for encouraging the Hur Menace. The “Al-wahid” made a spirited reply to this charge ridiculing it and remarking that the object of the Hindu press is to make an apology for the inability of the present Ministry to cope with the situation. The “Al-wahid” holds the Congress responsible for the breakdown of law and order in the province. The statement of His Excellency the Governor on the Hur menace and his message to the Zamindars of Sind had a very good press and were approvingly quoted in the editorials of several papers. The “Sansar Samachar” criticized the action of the United Province Government in confiscating the security of Rs. 6,000 from the “National Herald” of Lucknow.

At a press Conference on the 31^st May, the Provincial Press Adviser explained the implications of Martial Law and exhorted the editors to exercise the utmost caution in dealing with Hur news. H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of May 1942, 6^th June, 1942.]

 

26^th May 1942: The Hon’ Secretary of the BHAIBUND SHEWA MANDAL Shahi Bazar, Hyderabad, Sindh sends the following letter to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah :

Mohamed Ali Jinnah Esqr.

I appeal to your aesthetic sense and fervently request that you will responsible to the call of duty and come personally to demonstrate to the world that your organization is equal to the task in the matter of their responsibility, irrespective of what you may feel within about our opinion about the separation of Sindh and its consequences.

 

In case you do accept my invitation, I shall be glad to make suitable arrangements for your stay in our town as I propose to do for Mahatma Gandhi.

 

Please be kind enough to wire me if you accept my request. Rest assured, we shall welcome you with great pleasures and pride.

 

I remain, respectfully yours,

 

Hon’ Secretary

 

Copy of letter

—— to Mahatma Gandhi

 

 

 

BHAIBUND SHEWA MANDAL

Shahi Bazar

Hyderabad, Sindh 26^th May 1942

 

 

27^th May 1942: “Hindu Samachar”, (Sindhi Weekly of Nawabshah) was asked to advise the editor not to publish exaggerated accounts of the Lahore mail derailment incident. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

27^th May 1942: The President of the BHAIBUND SHEWA MANDAL Shahi Bazar, Hyderabad, Sindh sends the following letter to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah :

Esqr.

League,

 

Mr. Jinnah

I beg to draw your kind attention to the copy of letter enclosed herein which I have forwarded to Mahatma Gandhi yesterday. The communication speaks for itself and needs no further lucid on.

 

I personally do not be with Congress or any other organization save and except my own of which I happen to be an honorary secretary, I hope you will understand our anxiety to restore peace and order in this unfortunate province of ours.

 

I feel confident that it is only your and Mahatma Gandhi as presence which can bring about normal and healthy situation. The masses do not care much about other workers of any organization but easily listen to the heads; they are mostly illiterate and require some big persons to explain to them the difference between right and wrong.

 

Our country is at the present moment in a hope chaos and needs your immediate help without which there is no other way to save us and property.

 

29^th May 1942: “Nawa Bharat” (Sindhi weekly of Nawabshah) is warned for publishing an anonymous letter under the caption “Gohar Party will do havoc” as publication of such letters was likely to exacerbate communal feelings. [Gul Hayat Collection]

31^st May 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 1 (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 24(Under Defense of India Rules-129). The total is 263 and details of previously detained persons is 46(Under Defense of India Rules-26) and 217(Under Defense of India Rules-129).

(b)   Prosecution: 4(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-36), 21(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 24(Under Defense of India Rules-81). Total is 58

(c)    Convicted: 2(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 5(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 1 (Under Defense of India Rules-90). Total is 8. Whereas persons convicted previously are two three in number and details are 56(Under Defense of India Rules-8) ,1(Under Defense of India Rules-21), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-22), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-36), 60(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-45),65 (Under Defense of India Rules-52), 31(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 2((Under Defense of India Rules-93) and 1(Under Defense of India Rules-120).

1^st– 13^th June 1942: There have been a number of desultory strikes during the fortnight. On June 1^st, a meeting of about one hundred and fifty dock workers took place at Keamari where laborers were exhorted to join the Dock Workers Union in order to secure the grant of war allowance. On June 3^rd, about 300 casual laborers, who were operating American cargo, ceased work and demanded an increase in their daily wages fro, annas 12 to Rs. 1/4. At the advice of one M.A. Khatib, who informed them that their action was illegal and that they should have given a notice before resorting to strike, they resumed work the following day. Some workers of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation gave notice to the company on June 3^rd, demanding an increase in pay and great of an advance of three months’ pay to send their families away from Karachi. The Manager promised to grant the advance the said that the question of raising their pay would be considered later. On this the employees withdrew their notice. A Domestic Servants Union has been formed under the leadership of Mr. N. A. Bechar, M.L.A., and Kazi Muhammad Mujataba to represent the grievances of domestic servants in Karachi to the authorities and to get them a minimum wage of Rs. 25/- per mensem and a month’s leave with pay in a year. As a result of the fines inflicted for offending traffic laws and alleged harassment by the Police, the local gharriwallas went on a strike on June 13^th, which was called off on the next day at the intervention of the authorities.  [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

4^th June 1942: Founder SGADr.Muhammad Suleman Shaikh born in Hala. [Gul Hayat Collection]

4^th June 1942: “Sind Observer” The editor was asked For not to publish the day-to-day temperature of Karachi. [Gul Hayat Collection]

6^th June 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation informs him that the dissension in the local branch of the Muslim League for the over the election of President has its amusing side. While Yosuf Haroon sought to be aged out of this post on the ground of his immaturity and in experiences, he has at the same time been elected by the Muslim League fittest candidate to context his father’s seat as M.N.A in the central Assembly. [D.O. No: 204/F.R.]

11^TH June 1942: “Sindhi” (Weekly Sindhi of Sukkur) The District Press Adviser, Sukkur, was askedto advise the editor to refrain the editor to refrain from writing inflammatory article standing to embitter communal feelings. [Gul Hayat Collection]

12^th June 1942: Artist Kanayo Roopani is born in Tharo Shah Later on shifts to Ahmadabad. [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th June 1942: Artist Kanaya Lal Methwani is born in Jaipur. [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the First half of June Congress members in Sind seem to be in a state of considerable confusion. Dr. Choithram the local President and Mr. R. K. Sidhva, the leader of the Congress party in the Assembly, have for a long time been bitter enemies, but at the moment feelings between them are more strained than ever. It appears that Dr. Choithram wishes congress M.L.As. to resign from the Assembly in accordance with Mahatama Gandhi’s advise while Mr. Sidhva and his followers are anxious to cling to their membership as long as possible. At present they are awaiting the promised visit Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, who it is known, does not agree with the Mahatma’s advice on the attitude Congressmen should adopt towards the Hurs, and they are hoping he will be able to settle their difference, particularly that regarding the question whether the Congress should continue to support the present Ministry. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

In the First half of June The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The Press was Imaninmous in welcoming the promulgation of Martial Law. It was considered a wise and courageous – though belated – step on the part of Government. While analyzing the circumstances leading to the declaration of Martial law, most of the papers have condemned the Sind Police. The “Sind Observer” dubbed it as “inefficient, corrupt, and communal”.
There is some dissatisfaction at the way in which the official news about the Hur operations is issued. The Press expected daily or at least bi-weekly ‘communiqués’ on the Hur operations. The Provincial Press Adviser is not in a position to confirm any news concerning the Hurs received from private sources in the area under Martial Law and when he is consulted advises against its publication. There is general demand for daily ‘communiqué’ on the Hur operations.

The visit of His Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester received very full publicity. Both the “Daily Gazette” and the “Sind Observer” splashed it on their front pages and wrote editorials welcoming His Royal Highness. The “Daily Gazette” regarded the visit as a goodwill mission and saw in it an attempt to approach the Indian question from a new angle in spite of the “flamboyant self-confidence of Sir Stafford Cripps”. The “Karachi Daily” opined that the visit will create confidence among the people of India as to their defenses. 
The heavy raids on Cologne and Essen were welcomed and received banner headlines. The situation at Sebastopol is regarded as critical. Comments on the resumption of operations in Libya express uncertainty as to the result of the battle.
The news of the proposed movement of Mahatma Gandhi has not received any prominence, although extracts from the “Harijan” have been published in Congress papers. The “Hindu Sansar” reproduced an article from the “Riyasat” of Dehli, dated the 1^st June 1942, under the caption: “Prevent India from becoming another Burma.” The article, which is defeatist in tone, quotes General Alexander and states that the loyalty of Burmans to the British and exhorts the British Government to confer political independence on India.
The speeches of President Roosevelt and Mr. Churchill on the celebration of the “United Nations Flag Day” received due publicity. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

In the First half of June The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Hurs the proclamation of Martial Law on Junes 1^st in the area effected by the operations of the Hurs came on the whole as a relief to the inhabitants of the area, but there is now a certain amount of protest developing against such orders as the Curfew Order and those calling in areas. In particulars, the Curfew Order makes the irrigation of land for cultivation purposes extremely difficult. This question is under examination by the martial law authorities and the Public Works Department and it is hoped to devise a system which will enable the water distribution to be carried on without offending the terms of the order. Steps are also being taken for protective measures in outlying villages by allowing arms for defenses purposes provided ‘Morchas’ are built and the arms taken charge of by responsible persons. This should do much to remove the grievances caused by calling in areas. 
Outrages have continued and during the fortnight 18 crimes of murder, dacoity and robbery involving 11 deaths and 14 cases was that in which a P.W.D Sub-Divisional Officer on duty near the Makhi Dhand area was set upon and killed and in another, which incidentally did not occur in the martial law area, 2 persons armed with pistols boarded a train on the Jacobabad-Kashmir line, held up the passengers of one compartment, including 3 Tapedars, and robbed them of Rs. 3,500, Rs. 3,330 of which represented Government Land Revenue collections. While leaving they shot one of the Tapedars. There is, however, something to set on the other side. Dacoits attempting to raid Perumal village in Thar Parkar Districts, where the late Seth Sitaldas, M.L.A., lived, encountered an unexpected resistance and 4 of them were killed by gun fire. Also following the repulse of the raiders, 19 Hurs concerning in the actual raid or rounded up for harboring and abetment were arrested, tried under Martial Law and hanged on June 10^th, while a party of soldiers and Police have at last succeeded in arresting Ahmed son of Hussain, wanted for taking part in the murder of Pir Fateh Ali Shah last October, and other crimes. His capture should be a severe blow to the Hurs operating in the SUkkur Districts.

As in natural, there is a considerable demand for news from the martial law area and as publicity for important captures, etc. could only but have beneficial results it is suggested that the issue of a daily ‘communiqué’ to the Press is advisable. At present such ‘communiqués’ are very few and far between. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]   6^th June 1942: Martial Law was imposed in eastern part of Sindh to curb Hur Movement on 1st of June 1942, and Sindh Press started opposing this act of high handed ness besides advising people to avoid un-due differences with martial law authorities. Monthly ‘Touheed’, Karachi, edited by Moulana Din Muhammad Wafai has touched the matter in course of its editorial, today.[Gul Hayat Collection]

In the First half of June the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The German drives in Russia and the resumption of the struggle in Libya have quickened interest in the war news and there is some expression of anxiety in respect of both these theatres of war. It is realized that the Russian Armies are facing a very critical situation and that the immediate result of the Libya battle is uncertain. China is thought also to be in considerable danger of being put out of the war. On the other hand it seems to be generally held that the threat to India from Japan has received and it is hoped that the result of the attack on Midway Island coupled with that of the Coral Island battle will be to postpone, if not preclude, any attempt at a sea-Berne invasion. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of June 1942, June, 1942.]

16^th June 1942: We are not going to walkout of India right in the middle of the war, though we have no wish to remain there for any imperialistic reasons’, says Sir Stafford Cripps in interview in London. (Source: The Indian Annual Register, Vol-1, 1942).

17^th June 1942: Acting president of the Sindh Provincial Muslim Leagues sends the following letters to editors of various newspapers

 

 

Dear Sir,

I enclose a copy of the Resolution of the Working Committee Sindh Provincial Muslim League, on the present political situation in the province, with a request that you will please publish it in your esteemed paper in full.

“The working committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League has given its most earnest and serious consideration to the circumstances leading up to and the situation arising from the declaration on the 1^st of June 1942 of Martial Law in more than half the Province and deems it its duty to take the necessary steps  to safeguard:

(1)        the constitutional rights of the people;

(2)        the economy of the Province; and

(3)        the civic rights of the citizens,

 

All of which, in the opinion of the Committee have been seriously infringed, threatened or affected. The Committee records here below its conclusions and appoints the following four of its members, namely: (1) K. B. Muhammad Ayub Khuhro,

(2) Shaikh Abdul Majid,

(3) Mr. Muhammad Hashim Gazder, &

(4) Mr. G. M. Sayed,

To wait upon H. E. the Governor of Sindh and discuss with him the issues involved.

 

The following are seems of the consequences of the extra ordinary step that has been taken by the authorities in promulgating Martial Law:

(i)            Complete breakdown of civil administration

(ii)          Resort to Martial Law all at once in such a large area in the hope of retrieving the situation;

(iii)        Serious likelihood of dislocation of the economic life of the Province and the inevitable consequences bordering upon a general famine, as a result of the operation of Martial Law on the lines on which it is being at present enforced; and

(iv)        Apprehension of Martial Law being extended to the remaining parts of the Province thereby making conditions still worse.

 

2.         In the opinion of this Committee, this disastrous crisis is the inevitable —-come of the anti-Muslim and unscrupulous policy of exploitation followed by the present ministers, resulting in a long chain of events that have been taking place during the period they have held the reins of Sindh administration. The Ministers have thereby given an indisputable proof of their incompetence and complete failure to maintain law and order.

 

3.         It is common knowledge that throughout their regime, the Ministers have taken no steps to alleviate the causes of the growing discontent amongst the masses or to reform their methods of administration, with the result that the situation has been steadily deteriorating. Finding themselves faced with the growing discontent and the serious consequences of their aimless policy which was solely directed against the best interests of the masses, the Ministers have now resorted to Martial Law and thereby surrender no less than half the Province to Military rule. The Committee is strongly of the opinion, which is shared by a very large and ever increasing section of the population, that the Ministers having been confounded by the growing number of murders, dacoities and other acts of lawlessness were compelled in their bewilderment and to save their face to take this action. As far as this Committee is aware, in the history of Provincial Governments in British India, this unhappy Province is the first to have achieved the invidious distinction of having more than half of its area subjected to Martial Law, while the so-called popular Ministers continue to retain their office. There are extensive provisions of the existing laws including the all embracing defense of India Rules that are calculated to be adequate to meet even such an abnormal situation as is created by war conditions, on the other hand the Government of India Act, 1935, lays down several provisions for effectively dealing in almost every conceivable manner with a situation that appears seriously to threaten the peace and tranquility of the Province. In spite of all this, the present Government have deemed it fit to promulgate Martial Law and thereby deprive the larger part of the very people from whom they are supposed to derive their present position as Ministers, of their fundamental rights. The position militates against the constitutional law and is quite incompatible with the very sprit of Provincial Autonomy. It is really strange that such a drastic and desperate stop should have been taken without sacking previous arrangements to see that the vast numbers of people whose fundamental rights were thereby going to be so seriously invaded were duly instructed and prepared in regard to the handicaps and hardships inevitable to the operation of martial law. It was further necessary to restrict the operation to only such a small area as was absolutely essential for the purpose in view and at the same time to ensure that the daily rounds of the peoples’ activities connected with their lawful livelihood were not interfered with and as far as humanly possible no innocent people were victimized. But the Committee regret to observe that no such precautions were taken. Even if the need for promulgation of Martial Law was real, the committee feels that if the present Ministers had any the slightest regard to the popular feeling or felt in any manner responsible to the people at large, they would have at the most sought military assistance without placing such a vast area all at once under the military rule, just as it had been done during the unfortunate Sukkur riots. But the hot haste with which a measure of such a drastic nature was precipitated upon the entire population in this vast area, in itself betrays a sad lack of sense of responsibility and unmakes the hollowness of their representative character. Standing as the Ministers therefore do so thoroughly self-condemned and exposed, this Committee which voices the feelings of the entire Muslim population of the Province when it emphatically urges upon H.E. the Governor to end this travesty of Provincial Autonomy and relieve the present Ministers of their office to which they have forfeited every possible.

 

4.         In view of the above, it is the earnest request of this Committee that H. E. the Governor of Sindh will be pleased:

(a)    to convene immediately a session of the Sindh Legislative Assembly to consider the problems of vital nature above referred to:

(b)      to appoint a Court of Inquiry to investigate and report upon the causes responsible for the failure of the present Ministers and their administration that led to the necessity of promulgation of Martial Law, without having tried the various remedies provided under the Government of India Act and the Defence of India Rules:

(c)    to take stops to see that Martial Law is so administered that while it enables to effectively deal with the turbulent and guilty elements it does not restrict the Lawful pursuits of agriculturists or the carrying out of legitimate activities of constructional nature and the exercising of civic rights by peace-loving and law-abiding citizens.

 

5.         The Committee further deems it necessary to draw the attention of the authorities to the handicaps of the citizens occasioned by the operation of Martial Law in the affected areas in particular so as to make it possible for agricultural operations to continue unhampered, as otherwise there is a serious danger to the economy of the Province which may be so adversely affected as to create a situation that may bring a wide-spread ruin upon the entire Province. Side by side with this, the Committee urges the necessity of suitable amending, relaxing or rescinding the restrictions imposed upon the population under the provisions of Martial Law so as to enable the people to carry on their social activities of peaceful nature and at the same time to enable the recognized political bodies to carry on their constitutional propaganda and organization work, especially when a bye-election for the Central Assembly seat is shortly to take place. Some of the difficulties which are being experienced by the people now and which need to be remedied immediately are the following:-

(a)    The ferries on the river be opened to traffic with suitable provisions to check the movements of undesirable persons so as to permit agriculturists, fire-wood sellers, cattle-owners and others whose livelihood makes it necessary to use the ferries.

 

(b)        The night movements of agriculturists be permitted in order to enable them to irrigate their fields if their turn for water happens to be fixed during night-hours or if they have to work their Parsian-whools for Jomar and other food-crops in lift lands or in non-barrage areas.

 

(c )       The carrying and use of hatchets and other implements necessary for agricultural operations be made possible.

 

(d)        The restrictions imposed upon the assemblage of five or more persons be suitably amended so as to permit the carrying out of agricultural operations such as canal-clearance division of crops, sloughing, transplantation, harvesting, etc. and performance of social duties connected with marriages, deaths, etc.

 

(e)        The order regarding wholesale disarming of people at one and the same time through the vast area now under the Military should be modified with suitable precautions to ensure their rightful use, as otherwise the bad characters may be able to carry on their unlawful activities without any fear of armed resistance from the disarmed population. In such village where the population exceeds 500 souls, at least six or more guns be permitted to be retained by the people for protection of the villages and towns according to the population of each such village or town. Complete disarming of the civil population will, in the opinion of the committee, create chaotic conditions and a very difficult situation in the mofussil, particularly when it may not be possible for the Military authorities to arrange their own patrol for each and every village, in such a vast area over twenty thousand square miles, controlled by them.

 

(f)        Those persons in this area who had a genuine cause of fear due to personal enmity and were therefore granted extra or special gun licenses by the civil authorities for the protection of not only their own person and property but also of their localities should be restored their arms and encouraged to render assistance to the police authorities or be provided with military or police guard at their own expense;

 

(g)        Where arms cannot be restored, effective protection for immediate aid in time of danger must be made;

 

(h)        With a view to achieving quick results, the restrictions and hardships inevitable upon the operation of Martial Law should be applied only to those areas which are the source of trouble. The area should therefore be confined only to (1) Shahdadpur and Sinjhoro Talukas of Nawabshah District and (2) Sanghar and Khipro Talukas of Thar & Parkar District and (3) Mirpur Mathelo and Ubauro Talukas of Sukkur District, (4) to the area within one mile on each side of the Railway line between Kotri and Reti on the K.W. Ry. And Khokharpar and Hyderabad Sindh on the J. Railway, (5) to the left bank of the river to check the traffic on the ferries and across the river, (6) the eastern border to check the movements of dispicious characters to and from the states of Jaisalmere and Jodhpur.

 

(i)         Local Advisory Committee be set up to advise and collaborate with the Military authorities in the course of their duties so as to eliminate the possibility of harassment of innocent persons through the machinations of local subordinate Police upon whose advice the Military may have to depend, being unaware of local conditions and approaches to cut-of-way places to be visited by them in the course of their rounds:

 

(j)         Large numbers of people who seek to migrate from the affected areas to places of their permanent residence or for personal safety or convenience may be enabled to do so, especially these who move each season across the river for harvest work in the Barrage areas and return to their homes on the close of the harvest; also those traders and their agents from Karachi who have to bring cattle by —– across the river from the affected areas for the supply of neat and milk to the urban population of Karachi and Hyderabad be afforded easy and safe passage including the use of ferries to safeguard them from loss of money or personal inconvenience and also to ensure the regular supply of these needs of the urban population.

 

The Working Committee further resolves that a copy of this Resolution may be forwarded to:

 

(1)        The President All India a Muslim League.

(2)        The Private Secretary to H. E. the Governor of Sindh.

(3)        The Private Secretary to H.E. the Viceroy and Governor-Coronal of India, and

(4)        The Secretary of State for India.”

 

20^th June 1942: Singer Teyon Faqir is born in Khando. [Gul Hayat Collection]

20^th June 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation informing political party they are exploiting the situation created by Martial Law promulgated in some parts of Sindh. [D.O. No: 218/F.R.]

22^nd June 1942: The labor situation has been quieter. There was only one strike during the fortnight under report – that of about hindered workers of Sind Flour Mills who went on strike on the 22^nd June as a protest against the management dispensing with the services of an engineer. The strikers were informed that the strike was illegal and they resumed work, but have since given a regular strike notice. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 4th July, 1942.]

27^th June 1942: The visit of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad has been postponed. Congressmen are discussing the proposed campaign of Mahatma Gandhi and intend to raise volunteers in Karachi if and when the campaign is inaugurated, although it is generally believed that in the event of a campaign being launched, Sind will be excluded in view of its internal troubles.
The Muslim League Civic Defense Delegation, consisting of Nawab Muhammad Ismail, Mr. Khaliq-uz-zaman and Kazi Muhammad Isa, arrived in Karachi on the 27^th June and left on the 29^thJune. They addressed a well-attended meetings at the Khalikdina Hall, in which the Congress leaders were attacked and the goal of Pakistan re-affirmed. It is understood that the delegation advised the Muslim League M.L.As to co-operate with the authorities in the measures of Civil Defense. The Working Committee of the Sind Provincial Muslim League passed a lengthy resolution on the promulgation of the Martial Law which is directed more against the Ministry than against Martial Law itself. The Committee was of the opinion that there was no justification whatsoever for the existence for Martial Law in Sind.

 [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 4th July, 1942.]

28^th June 1942: In his paper ‘Harijan’, Mahatma Gandhi writes under the heading ‘The Hurs in Sindh’, as under:
“I have no doubt if I could have gone to Sindh, I might have been able to do some thing. I have done such things before, not without success. But I am too old for such missions. What little energy I have, I am storing up for what promises to be the last fight of my life”. (Source: “Harijan”)

In the Second half of June The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: The number of crimes committed by the Hurs has steadily increased and the month of May has seen a very definitely worsening of the situation. Including those resulting worsening of the situation. Including those resulting from the derailments of trains described in my last report the total casualties for then month resulting from Hur outrages and operations against them are 58 killed and 72 injured the worst crime except for the derailment of the Lahore Mail, being an attack or a passenger bus in the Thar Parkar District in which the bus was held up and burnt and 13 persons, one being an Inspector of Police, were killed. Other offences, such as the cutting of telegraph and telephone wires, the derailment of a patrol engine in which the drivers was killed and the searching of canals and the damaging of canal regulators also occurred. Of the latter, the most serious was the cutting of the bank of the Jamrao Canal on the 20^th May which resulted in the flooding of the town of Khadro with much damage to property and to the breaching of the railway. And this has been in spite of the vigorous measures taken by the Additional District Magistrate, Nawabshah and Thar Parkar, and the reinforcing of the Sind Police under his control by  6 platoons of North West Frontier Province Constabulary, 2platoons of Zhob Militia and 100 armed police form the Punjab. It is thus clear that the local Government were correct in their forecast made as long ago as February last that the extensive use of troops would be necessary to clear up the trouble and that their requests for troops put forward in the beginning of March for the purpose were fully justified. Vigorous military action at that stage might possibly have localized the trouble then and have obviated the necessity for the proclamation of Martial law over such a large area as has now been found necessary. Martial law has now been proclaimed with effect from the 1^st June and it is to be hoped that the Adminstrator will be able to restore the position to grips with the Hurs who have been operating in widely scattered bands with the assistance willing or unwilling of the country side, and of the ease with which the ringleaders and the main bands go to ground or find refuge in the desert areas of Thar Parkar District and of Jaislamir State, the problem It is fear will be found to be a very troublesome one.

One result however of the trouble so far has been to confirm our misgivings regarding the efficiency of the Sind Police, both in the unarmed and armed branches. There can be no question that serious deficiencies have been revealed and in the building up the force under the recently sanctioned reorganization schemes the most careful recruitment must be made. Operations against the Hurs have shown that while forces in Nawabshah and Thar Parkar District  may not have been handled as vigorously as they might have been the lower ranks have also shown themselves to be lacking in the qualities necessary for such work as putting down a rising of this sort. There is no doubt that our police force has given a very sorry account of itself. The Hindu policemen are usally timid and the Muslim policemen are corrupt, and the higher ranks of the police are not still free from the evil accepting ‘rasails’. The recruitment policy needs thoroughly overhanding and steps will be taken in due course to do that. In mitigation, it may urged that the Sind Police have never been adequate for Sind’s requirements since the drastic economies effected in 1922, their strength is even now far below requirements and the men have for long, in spite of the efforts of the Home Departments, suffered from such drawbacks as had housing conditions, etc. The department can with some justification put forward the same plea as General Alexander has advanced for the loss of Burma.

Before the proclamation of Martial Law, His Excellency the Governor issued an appeal to the Zamindars of Sind warning them against the consequences of trafickking with the Hurs and its is hoped that this appeal and the confidence which the proclamation of Martial Law will engender will result in the co-operation from the Zamindars and other influential persons in the locality which is so essential for the crushing of the Hurs.     [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

 

In the Second half of June The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Confidence is now gradually returning in the area under Martial Law and the number of organized crimes has lessened. Nevertheless, the offences committed by the Hurs during the fortnight under report account for the death of nine persons and injury to six. Restricted night running trains on the Karachi-Lahore line has been resumed. A flag march was arranged in the Dadu District on the 21^st June and had good effect on the local population. The orders of the Chief Administrator of Martial Law asking people to remove themselves from the desert area of the Thar Parkar district and Khairpur State have come in for a good deal of criticism mainly on the ground that no proper arrangements were being made for the evacuees. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 4th July, 1942.] 

In the Second half of June The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: There have been six dacoities during the fortnight committed by Hurs in the Nawabshah and Thar Parkar Districts in which two persons were killed but the improvement reported in my last report continues. The martial law area has been enlarged with effect from the 29^th July by extending the western boundary to a line 5 miles west of the railway line- Kotri, Larkana, Sukkur to Habikot and on the north to a line from Habikot to Rohri. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of July 1942, 4^th August, 1942.]

 In the Second half of June the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “News of the war still continues to play second fiddle in Sind accounts of the exploits of the Hurs. What comment there is, however, indicates that while Russia is generally recognized to be holding out very stoutly, China is in a very difficult position, cut off as she is from the Allies. Criticism of the withdrawal from Burma has on the whole been moderate and hopes are expressed that the lessons learnt in the campaign will be taken advantage of it attacks on India develop.

Interest in civil defense is on the increase and political parties are making some show of being anxious to co-operate with Government but it is very doubtful whether any solid assistance will result. Recruitment to the warden service is proceeding at a more satisfactory pace and the number of wardens has now risen to 1,134 the total aimed at being 1,300. The exodus from Karachi has very largely stopped partly owing to the feeling of insecurity in the mofussil. Two camps have been constructed for housing essential workers and their families. Refugee camps on the road from Karachi to Thatta (58 miles) are under construction. Fifty-one thousand running feet of slit trenches have been dug in forty different parts of Karachi for the use of the public caught on the streets away from their homes. Blast walls have been built in large numbers and twenty-eight public shelters are ready and sites for twenty more have been selected. Equipment for emergency casualty hospitals is being purchased.
The radical Democratic Party has opened a permanent office and has been holding street propaganda meeting at which speakers have been exhorting the public to help Government in their war efforts. The Larkana District Hari Committee held a public meeting in which Japanese methods and intentions were exposed and the audience exhorted to work for the defense of India.

A war week was celebrated in Nawabshah from 18^th to 25^th May. Meeting were held in different parts of Nawabshah district. The collections during the week amounted to nearly Rs. 45000. A contribution to His Governor’s War Fund place a break of war had reached Rs. 14, 47,300 on the 15^th May 1942.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 6^th June 1942.]

In the Second half of June the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The fall of Tobruk and the withdrawal of the Allied forces in Libya have had a very depressing effect. Earlier reports had not prepared the public for the present reverses and they have aroused much misgiving. It had not been appreciated that General Rommel had been able to be reinforced to the extent he obviously must have been, both in men and material, and there is great disappointment at his success. The feeling of apprehension also extends to the struggle in Russia and taking thing all round the local view is that immediate prospect are gloomy. 
Nihas Pasha’s declaration regarding the neutrality of Egypt has not had a very good effect. It is pointed out that in spite of the attack on Egyptian territory Egypt has not entered the war and it is stated that she is playing the part which the Congress advocates for India.
The newly formed Sind Provincial Defense Committee which is composed of the Mayor of Karachi, two M.L.As. belonging to the Muslim League and a number of prominent citizens with the Secretary, Civil Defense Department as joint Secretary, held its first public meeting on the 30^th June las. The Honorable the Home Minister spoke and made and appeal for more volunteers for the A.R.P. services and the Civic Guards. From July onwards, part of the A.R.P. organization will be on a full time paid basis.
June 22^nd was observed as “Russia Day”. There were well attended meetings at various headquarters towns in the province at which tributes were paid to the gallantry of the Russian and resolutions were passed emphasizing the unity of purpose which prevail among the Allied nations. At Karachi all the Labor and Students’ Union held a joint public meeting in which the speakers exhorted the audience to join the A.R.P and Civic Guards. At some places prayers were offered for the success of the Allies. The Assistant Provincial Organizer, National War Front, visited Hyderabad, Dadu and Larkana districts and convened propaganda meetings. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of June 1942, 4th July, 1942.]

30th June 1942: PoliticianNihalchand Teckchandani is born in Kandyaro after the partition migrates to Ajmir. [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th June 1942: Politician Moulana Pir Muhammad Ismail Jan is born at Tukhar [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th  June 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 329 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-129), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-129). Total is 330. Previously detained are 75(Under Defense of India Rules-26) and 334(Under Defense of India Rules-29).

(b)    Prosecuted: 2(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 10(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 9(Under Defense of India Rules-8). Total is 25.

(c)    3(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 16(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-81). Total is 22. Previously number of detained is 250 and details are: 5(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 52(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-21), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-36), 60(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-45) , 77(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 38(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-90), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-93),  1 (Under Defense of India Rules-120)

4^th July 1942: G.M Sayed writes to Sir Bugh Dow, Governor of Sindh Karachi following letter:

“Yours Excellency,

At the request of the members of the Muslim League party, in the Sindh Legislative Assembly (of which I am the leader), I beg hereby formally to move your Excellency to be pleased to summon a session of the Sindh Legislative Assembly at an early date preferably before 15^th August 1942, for the following reasons:

            (a)        Hon’ble the Premier promised on the floor of the House on the 10^th March last, on the close of Budget session, to convene a meeting of the Sindh Legislative Assembly early in May. But although we are now in July i.e. two months have elapsed after the promised date, no session has so far been summoned, nor does there appear to be any prospect of his advising Your ‘Excellency to summon one in the near future.

(b)After the Budget session i.e. during the interval of last 3 to 4 months, many important events have taken place which require to be debated and discussed on the floor of the house as early as possible.

(c)Martial Law has been declared in about half the Province with effect from 1^st June 1942, as a result of the collapse of civil administration. This being the most important and unprecedented event in the history of this Province, the Legislative Assembly ought to have an early opportunity to express its views on such an important event.

(d)There are motions of adjournment pending on this issue of Martial Law; there are resolutions demanding an enquiry about the failure of this Government to maintain law and order in the Province; and there are many questions and bills, both private and Government, on the anvil of this Legislature, awaiting early disposal.

Under the provisions of section 62(2), Government of India Act 1935, it lies in the discretion of Your Excellency to summon the session of Legislative Assembly and therefore I am addressing this letter to Your Excellency with the request that you will be pleased to summon the session at an early date.

I may also add here for Your Excellency’s information that my party in the Assembly now commands a strength of 15 members.

I beg to remain,

Your Excellency’s

Most Obedient Servant,”

 

6^th July 1942: The “Hindu” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) and The “Alwahid” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing a misleading headline on the fall of Sevastopol. [Gul Hayat Collection]

7^th July 1942: SingerLilo Jhangyani is born at Karachi later on migrates to New Delhi/ [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th July 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sind writes to Viceroy and Governor General of India to apprising him of the political situation rise that “the two sections of the congress are still at dagger’s drawn. Dr. Choithram’s party are still working for withdrawal of congress support from the Ministry, and Sidhwa  has retorted by a long letter to Gandhi in which he accuses Choithram of making purely personal attacks on Allah Bakhs and of having himself collected money for “aashram Choithram and Ghanshayamdas draw a salary without doing any work on its staff. Gandhi has asked Choithram for his answer to these charges. [D.O. No: 252/F.R.]

12^th July 1942: Writer Leal Bana is born [Gul Hayat Collection]

First half of July Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: Some satisfaction has been expressed at the checking of Rommel’s advance into Egypt, but it is realized that the drive in Russia and the threat towards the Suez Canal are very closely co-related. The situation in Russia is considered to be exceedingly grave and the opening of a second land front against Hitler in Europe is being advocated. News from China is published without much comment. The fear of a Japanese attack on India appears to have vanished for the time being.

Opinions are divided on the proposed Congress move. The “Karachi Daily” whole-heartedly supports the stand taken by the Working Committee of the Congress and regards this as a final chance for Britain to settle the Indian question. The “Hindu” and “Hindu Sansar” also support the stand taken by the Congress is of the opinion that the plan and program of “Quit India will prove a Herculean task. The “Daily Gazette” Urges co-operation with the British on the issue of resistance to Japanese aggression and warns that divisions in India can only strengthen the enemy. The “Sansaar Samachar” does not think that the movement will gain the same momentum as the Civil Disobedience Movement launched I 1940 did. The Muslim papers do not attach any importance to the proposed Congress move.

The Further expansion of the Executive Council of His Excellency the Viceroy has not been favorably received. The “Hindu” regards it as an affront to embittered India”. The “Hindu Sansar” thinks that these half-hearted measures cannot satisfy the popular demand. The “Daily Gazette” regards the scheme as “inadequate, disappointing and unsatisfactory”. The general comment is that the expansion has been made more to satisfy opinion in England and America than to satisfy public opinion in India.

Criticism of the inadequacy of the Price Control measures still continues. The imposition of adequate sentences on some of the offenders against the Price Control orders has been welcomed by the press, the only dissenting voice being that of the “Karachi Daily”, which regards these sentences as harsh. The “Mirpurkhas Gazette” appeals to Government to impose a ban on the export of wheat as it is feared that if wheat is continued to be exported to Bombay and Marwar on the present scale there will be scarcity of wheat in Sind. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July 1942, 18^th July, 1942.]

14^th July 1942: The All-India Congress Committee passes ‘Quit-India Resolution’. The text of the resolution is as under:

“Whereas the British War Cabinet proposals by Sir Stafford Cripps have shown up British imperialism in its nakedness as never before, the All-India Congress Committee has come to the following conclusions:

The committee is of the opinion that Britain is incapable of defending India. It is natural that whatever she does is for her own defense. There is the eternal conflict between Indian and British interest. It follows that their notions of defense would also differ.
The British Government has no trust in India’s political parties. The Indian Army has been maintained up till now mainly to hold India in subjugation. It has been completely segregated from the general population, who can in no sense regard it as their own. This policy of mistrust still continues, and is the reason why national defense is not entrusted to India’s elected representatives.
Japan’s quarrel is not with India. She is warring against the British Empire. India’s participation in the war has not been with the consent of the representatives of the Indian people. It was purely a British act. If India were freed, her first step would probably be to negotiate with Japan.

The Congress is of the opinion that if the British withdrew from India, India would be able to defend herself in the event of the Japanese, or any aggressor, attacking India.

The committee is, therefore, of the opinion that the British should withdraw from India. The plea that they should remain in India for the protection of the Indian princes is wholly untenable. It is an additional proof of their determination to maintain their hold over India. The princes need have no fear from an unarmed India.

The question of majority and minority is the creation of the British Government, and would disappear on their withdrawal.
For all these reasons, the committee appeals to Britain, for the sake of her own safety, for the sake of India’s safety and for the cause of world peace, to let go her hold on India, even if she does not give up all her Asiatic and African possessions.

This committee desires to assure the Japanese Government and people that India bears no enmity, either toward Japan or toward any other nation. India only desires freedom from all alien domination. But in this fight for freedom the committee is of the opinion that India, while welcoming universal sympathy, does not stand in need of foreign military aid.

India will attain her freedom through her non-violent strength, and will retain it likewise. Therefore, the committee hopes that Japan will not have any designs on India. But if Japan attacks India, and Britain makes no response to its appeal, the committee will expect all those who look to the Congress for guidance to offer complete non-violent non-cooperation to the Japanese forces, and not to render any assistance to them. It is no part of the duty of those who are attacked to render any assistance to the attacker. It is their duty to offer complete non-cooperation.

It is not difficult to understand the simple principle of nonviolent non-cooperation:

First, we may not bend the knee to an aggressor, or obey any of his orders.

Second, we may not look to him for any favors nor fall to his bribes, but we may not bear him any malice nor wish him ill.

Third, if he wishes to take possession of our fields we will refuse to give them up, even if we have to die in an effort to resist him.
Fourth, if he is attacked by disease, or is dying of thirst and seeks our aid, we may not refuse it.

Fifth, in such places where British and Japanese forces are fighting, our non-cooperation will be fruitless and unnecessary.

At present, our non-cooperation with the British Government is limited. Were we to offer them complete non-cooperation when they are actually fighting, it would be tantamount to bringing our country deliberately into Japanese hands. Therefore, not to put any obstacle in the way of the British forces will often be the only way of demonstrating our non-cooperation with the Japanese.

Neither may we assist the British in any active manner. If we can judge from their recent attitude, the British Government do not need any help from us beyond our non-interference. They desire our help only as slaves.

It is not necessary for the committee to make a clear declaration in regard to a scorched-earth policy. If, in spite of our nonviolence, any part of the country falls into Japanese hands, we may not destroy our crops or water supply, etc., if only because it will be our endeavor to regain them. The destruction of war material is another matter, and may, under certain circumstances, be a military necessity. But it can never be the Congress policy to destroy what belongs, or is of use, to the masses.

Whilst non-cooperation against the Japanese forces will necessarily be limited to a comparatively small number, and must succeed if it is complete and genuine, true building up of swaraj [self-government] consists in the millions of India wholeheartedly working for a constructive program. Without it, the whole nation cannot rise from its age-long torpor.

Whether the British remain or not, it is our duty always to wipe out our unemployment, to bridge the gulf between the rich and the poor, to banish communal strife, to exorcise the demon of untouchability, to reform the Dacoits [armed bandits] and save the people from them. If scores of people do not take a living interest in this nation-building work, freedom must remain a dream and unattainable by either non-violence or violence.

Foreign soldiers: The committee is of the opinion that it is harmful to India’s interests, and dangerous to the cause of India’s freedom, to introduce foreign soldiers in India. It therefore appeals to the British Government to remove these foreign legions, and henceforth stop further introduction. It is a crying shame to bring foreign troops in, in spite of India’s inexhaustible man power, and it is proof of the immorality that British imperialism is.” [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

14^th July 1942: PoetSyed Madad Ali Shah ‘Manzar’ is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

15^th July 1942: JournalistFakir Hadi Bux Abro is born in Shikarpur, Poet, Journalist & Political Activist  Mueshis Gilani is born in Ghotki and Writer Altaf Abbasi is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

17^th July 1942: WriterEishwar Bharthi is born in Tando Adam later on migrates to Ahmadabad [Gul Hayat collection]

10^th– 18^th July 1942: The workers of the Sind Flour Mills who had given a regular strike notice of fourteen days went on strike on the 18^th July, but resumed on the 10^th July, when the Labor Commissioner was appointed to adjudicate on their dispute under Sub-rule (1) of Rule 81 (a) of the Defense of India Rules. The workers have drawn up ten points including claims for increase adjudication. In all disputes between twelve firms and laborers for grant of war allowance have been referred to the Commissioner of Labor for adjudication. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July 1942, 18^th July, 1942.]

 

18^th July 1942: Interest has been centered round the deliberations of the Congress Working Committee. There is now a growing feeling among Congressmen in Sind that they should be allowed to participate in any movement which may be launched by Mahatma Gandhi Maulana Abul Kalam Azad is expected to reach Karachi on the 18^th instant and there is much speculation as to the attitude he will adopt on the question whether the Congress should continue to support the existing Ministry. The Muslim League is busy making propaganda in support of its candidate for the Central Assembly seat rendered vacant by the death of Sir Abdullah Haroon. Some of the League workers propose to go on a canvassing tour of six weeks, but it has been made clear that no political meetings will be allowed in the Martial Law area. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July 1942, 18^th July, 1942.]

In the First half of July the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The holding up of General Rommel’s advance into Egypt has had a reassuring effect on the whole the war news is realized to be exceedingly grave and the progress of the German Armies in Russia is being anxiously scratched. There are, however, no signs of panic and to some extent local opinion is more concerned with the latest political developments and the alleged shortcomings of price control than with anything else.
The Provincial Civic Defense Committee have held three public meetings in Karachi during the fortnight at which appeals for more A.R.P volunteers and Civic Guards were made and now propose to hold propaganda meetings throughout the city. Intensive training in all branches of A.R.P. is being carried on, but more recruiters are still needed. A.R.P. building works, in common with other works in Karachi, have been held up owing to the shortage of cement and unfortunately the recent rains have caused much damage to slit trenches, etc. So far, over two hindered women have registered themselves for service in the W.V.S. started by Lady Dow and being allotted various duties.

A publicity van has begun to function in Karachi on behalf of the National War Front. The Van, which is fitted with radio and is accompanied by an announcer, does daily rounds in the mornings and evenings, stopping at important public places where the news is relayed and the announcer makes short speeches. The van has been attracting good crowds. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of July 1942, 18^th July, 1942.]

 

20^th July 1942: Writer Padan Sharma is born in Mirpur later on migrates to Mumbai. [Gul Hayat Collection]

20^th July 1942: “Nava Bharat” (Sindhi weekly of Nawabshah) is warned for giving the location of aerodrome in Nawabshah district by mentioning villages from which land had been acquired [Gul Hayat Collection]

22^nd July 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sind writes to Viceroy and Governor General of India to apprising him of the political, social and administrative situation writes that “ there is a real lull and local political activity is always the case when important question of policies are under consideration by the central executives of all India Association: None of our politician are of a caliber to have much influence in shipping these decisions and few are able to anticipate them so they have to wait to see which way the cat will jump.” [D.O. No: 279/F.R.]

23^rd July 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation writes that “I think it is likely that with the declaration of martial law we shall get fuller information as it extend to achieve prominent members of the Congress party have been dealing with the HURS”. He talks about the context of Sidhwa and Ghanshaymdas with Hurs. [D.O. No: /F.R]

25^th July 1942: “Hayat” (Daily Urdu of Karachi), “Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing a misleading headline when Rostov had been entered by the Germans. [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th July 1942: The Muslim League Civic Defense delegation is received by the Sindh Governor but a reputation wishes to raise a Muslim Volunteer Organization in this regard to face any situation in the war days. [D.O. No: 252/F.R.]

In the Second half of July Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: War news has again been relegated to the background; the newspaper have devoted most of their editorials, etc. to discussion on the resolution passed by the Congress Working Committee and to the damage caused by the floods in Upper Sind. The progress made by the German armies in Russia has caused little comment.

The Hindu papers continue to give prominence to the statement of Congress leaders on the resolution of the All-India Congress. Committee. The articles of Mahatma Gandhi published in the “Harijan” have been freely reproduced and there has been very bitter criticism of the attitude of the Government of India and Mr. Amery. The papers have laid great emphasis on the anti-Fascist, was expelled from its ranks. Congress believes that there is much anti-British feelings in India and that this will help the Japanese to conquer the country. India will be a thousand times worse off under Japanese than under British rule, but as she cannot defend approval of the proposed mass movement. It seems to be generally recognized that such a movement is fraught with danger and appeals have been made to Britain to avert it. The remarks of the “Daily Herald” of London chastising the Congress leaders for not approving the “Cripps” proposal have been bitterly criticized by the national papers which have also condemned the attitude of the English Labour Party. The broadcast of Sir Stafford Cripps to America met with a very hostile reception. The speeches of local Congress men on the resolution of the Working Committee were not published by any paper. The statement of Mr. Jairamadas Doulatram M.L.A., was the only statement of a local leader published on the subject. The “Muslim Voice” and the “Alwahid”, two organs of the Muslim League, have both vehemently opposed the Congress stand. The two papers characterize the attitude of the Congress as intransigent and emphasize that Congress can do nothing without settling accounts with the Muslims.
Much sympathy is expressed for those who have been rendered homeless by the floods in Upper Sind. The “Hindu Sansar” holds Government partially responsible for not warning the people in time of the impending floods. A letter to the same effect has appeared in the “Daily Gazette” by Mr. Shaikh Abdul Majid, ex-Minister.

A number of articles on price-control have appeared in the “Daily Gazette”, which also published the rejoinder of the Chief Controller of Prices. It is argued that Government should control distribution and introduce a rationing system. The same paper also published some letters complaining that the European community and the military do not set a good example during A.R.P practices. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of July 1942, 4^th August, 1942.]

 

In the Second half of July the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The move threatened by the Congress, the widespread floods in Upper Sind and the short comings of price control have been the Chief topics of local discussion during the fortnight and come on the war has been somewhat perfunctory. Such comment as has been made has been mainly devoted to the progress made by the German Armies in Russia and to the serious threat this progress constitution. There are, however, no signs of panic in Karachi and people in the mofussil have at present other things to think about.

As for the Congress, the resolution of the Working Committee and the statements issued by the Congressmen express themselves as welcoming the decision to launch a movement for India’s freedom. So far no outward demonstrations have occurred except the holding a small meeting in Karachi on the 17^th July. The Muslims have exhibited no sympathy with the proposed movement. Non-Congress Hindus have generally supported the Congress demand but are not in favor of going so far as a nation-wide mass movement. Labor has not yet expressed any great interest one way or the other. There is some feeling that even if a movement is launched, Sind will again be excluded from it by reason of the fact that there are now only two districts completely outside the martial law area and also possibly by reason of the situation created by the floods.
These floods are extremely serious, probably the most serious which have ever occurred in Sind. Owing to the high level of the Indus, the ‘bunds’ breached and in spite of all efforts being made control the flood water, very extensive damage has been done. The main railway lines to Lahore and to Quetta were breached, many roads were cut, a large number of villages have been submerged it is estimated that 150,000 acres of cultivation have been lost. Fortunately, as far as it known, there has been no loss of life but there has been widespread damage to property. It has been possible to re-establish the main line to Lahore with effect from the night of the 31^st July-1^st August and communication with Quetta is still possible by the loop line from Larkana to Jacobabad. The latest reports, however, show that an improvement in the situation which had begun to show may not be maintained and a serious threat to the loop line appears to be developing. Energetic steps to control the flood are being taken. Ample funds have been placed at the disposal of the Collectors of Sukkur and Larkana and the Deputy Commissioner, Upper Sind Frontier District, the districts most affected, and everything possible to assists people who have been forced to evacuate their villages and homes is being done. A Flood Relief Fund will shortly be inaugurated. The political groups, the Congress, the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha, have formed relief committees and it is reported that in Sukkur the Collector has succeeded in perusing the committees formed there to coalesce into one non-political committee. How long the arrangement will hold and how it will work remains to be seen. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of July 1942, 4^th August, 1942.]

31^st July 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 51 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 8 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-129), previously detained persons are 120(Under Defense of India Rules-26) and 715(Under Defense of India Rules-129).

(b)   Prosecuted: 1(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-10), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 10(Under Defense of India Rules-34), 23(Under Defense of India Rules-51), 19(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 4(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 1 (Under Defense of India Rules-120). Total is 61.

(c)    Convicted: 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 10(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-52) 1(Under Defense of India Rules-81). Total is 21. Previously convicted persons total is 289 and details are: 6(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 66(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-21), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-22), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-24), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-36), 63(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-45), 95(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 44(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-90), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-93), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-98) and 1(Under Defense of India Rules-120).

1^st August 1942: The situation generally is uneasy. The Dalmia Cement Company Workers Union have given notice of a strike while the Company itself have asked for Government aid and have even suggested that Government should take over the factory. Government are considering the appointment of a senior I.C.S officers to adjudicate on the dispute between the Company and the Union and also of a Board to investigate the general position of the factory which is admittedly very inefficiently run and which is giving a very low output. There is also much unrest in the port and it is extremely probable that various points of disagreement between the Port Trust and sections of the port workers will also have to be referred to adjudication. A strike was called last night (1^st August) among the dock laborers employed by the

Labor has been quiet on which and has so far refrained from any demonstration in support of pre Congress action. The Honorable Mr. Justice Lobo has given his award in connection with the amounts and terms of the loan to be given by the East India Tramways Company, Limited, to its workers and a senior I.C.S officers has been appointed to adjudicate in a number of other disputes between various other concerns , include the Karachi Port Trust, and their workers. It was reported that Mr. N. A. Bechar, M.L.A., a local Trades Union leader, was planning a general strike in sympathy with the Congress and he was at once arrested with attempting to hold a meeting. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

5^th August 1942: Singer Jagdesh Mohnani is born at Quetta later on migrates to Ulhasnagar and Writer Umed Ali Shah Rizvi is born at Bhoral Shah [Gul Hayat Collection]

7^th August 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprinsing him of the serious flood situation in Sindh that has damaged real communication with quetta via Larkana-Jacobabad loop Line. [D.O.No. 297/F.R.]

9^th August 1942: All-India Congress Committee launches ‘Quit India’ Movement. Sindh Congress played its praiseworthy role. (Source: Newspapers).

10^th August 1942: The various its of rowdyism and hoolganism take place in Karachi and it is almost exclusively the work of the Hindus student of the local colleges and schools. [Press Note No. P-308 issued by directorate of information]

10^th August 1942: Early in the morning of the 10^th August, the day following the arrival of the news of the arrest of the Congress leaders, a number of policemen refused duty on account of the inadequacy of their pay to meet the increased cost of living. It is not thought that the strike has any political motive behind it and the announcement of dearness allowance by the Government of India to railway workers probably had a good deal to do with the timing of the incident. On being assured that the question of a grant of a dearness allowance was under the active consideration of Government and that it would have effect from the 1^st August, the men quickly resumed work. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

11^th August 1942: The managing committee of the Karachi Indian Merchants Association passes a resolution in which government is accused of restoring to indiscriminate firing for maintaining law and order with the help of Hired Goons. [Newspaper]

12^th August 1942: At the Amil Institute in the Newtown after lathi charge, students are arrested for their attempt to damage public and private property. [Newspaper]

12^th August 1942: PoetShahnawaz ‘Shad; Dayo is born at Tayab. [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th August 1942: The Daily Gazette Newspaper office request ranchore Police Station to send some constables as soon as possible. [Newspapers]

14^th August 1942: He meeting of the Working Committee of the Muslim League is hold the probe into the reported misappropriation in the ‘Flood Fund’. (Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).

15^th August 1942: Poet Madad Ali Shah ‘Manzar’ is born at Mahota. [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the First half of August The fortnight up to the time of the arrests was mainly spent in wondering what Government would do and, since the arrests, in complaining about the action taken. The arrests themselves cannot be said to have occasioned much excitement and protests against them have so far mainly taken the form of rowdy demonstrations in Karachi and Hyderabad by college students who have shown that their college authorities have no control whatsoever over them. In Hyderabad, the Chief Administration of Martial Law made short work of the students’ activities but in Karachi acts of hooliganism lasted for some days and included attempts to burn tram cars, the stoning of buses and attacks on such Government property as telephone booths and letter boxes. Most of the prominent Congress leaders have been arrested, some by request, and for the present normal conditions prevail. Attempts at getting shopkeepers to close their shops met with little success. The Muslim Community has rigidly refrained from taking part in any pro-Congress activity. There has been some slight Khaksars activity in the Thar Parkar District and a number of Khaksars gathered at Jamesabad to hear the new directions issued by Allama Mashriqi to his followers. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

 

In the First half of August The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Martial Law operations against the Hurs continue and there have been skirmishes and round-ups in which a number of Hurs have been skirmishes and round-ups in which a number of Hurs have been killed and captured. A body thought to be that of Waryam, one of the principal ringleaders, was recovered early this month. The Jodhpur State troops which had been used to guard some of the railway stations in the Thar Parkar district have been withdrawn. A few dacoities have been committed in the Nawabshah district. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

 In the First half of August Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The Press has continued to give greater prominence to political news than to the war and the local papers have devoted most of their space to discussions and forecasts regarding the political situation, to deploring the arrests of the Congress leaders and in attempting to prove that Mr. Gandhi’s plan of campaign is in no way meant to embarrass the war effort of the United Nations. And a pretty hopeless task it has been.

There has been condemnation of the publication of the “Allahabad” papers and certain glee at the publicity given to the “Puckle” circular. But the move towards Civil disobedience has received very little support am the violent outrages which have occurred in many parts of India have been condemned. The local efforts in that direction, carried out by college students, have also been disapproved of although the usual criticism of the Police has been made.

The Provincial Press Adviser held two press conferences at which the implications of the Government of India orders under Rule 41(1) (b) were explained. The “Hindu” and “Hindu Sansar”, which had written some very strong editorials before the arrest of Mr. Gandhi, were severely warned by the Provincial Press Adviser. After the orders under Rule 41(1) (b) were passed, they have ceased writing editorials. The “Hindu” has informed its readers that it will not write editorials on the Congress movement owing to the restrictions imposed upon the press. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

 

In the First half of August the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Political events in India have almost completely deflected with political cogitation and the arrest of the Congress leaders than with the course of the war in Russia or elsewhere. Reuter’s telegrams are published but there is little comment of importance on them. As far as the war is concerned the average person in this province seems to be lulling himself to sleep.
A.R.P measures progress but slowly. Structural precaution works are badly held up for lack of cement inspire or there being two cement factories in the province, The Dalia factory is however, working very inefficiently and to a very low output. Two combined depots have been completed and will be occupied almost at once as the necessary Deputy Superintendents have been selected and are under training. Recruitment of paid personnel for the Report and Control Centre is complete. Equipment is now being received in fairly large quantities, but the factories which need trailer pumps are still without them. The Area Adviser is expected to visit Sind during September next and it is hoped that the Fire Expert with the Government of India will be able to come to Karachi at an early date.
Complaints regarding high prices and the alleged shortcomings of price control measures continue unabated, although the Press campaign has to some extent died down. Wheat is being sold below the controlled price but prices many foodstuffs, particularly vegetables, potatoes, etc., are extremely high.
Some boards of foodstuff have been detected. Where they have been of controlled commodities, they have been taken over at wholesale prices and sold in the Government shops. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of August 1942, 18^th August, 1942.]

19^th August 1942: There is still unrest caused by the high cost of living and dearness allowances are under by the high cost of living and dearness allowances are under discussion in many quarters. The Government of Sind have passed orders granting a dearness allowance to their employees at the ratio of Rs. 6/- per month to those drawing pay up to Rs. 80/- In Karachi urban areas and Rs. 5/- per month to those drawing up to Rs. 60/- in the mofussil but they are being out bided by such bodies as the Karachi Port Trust and the Karachi Municipality which are proposing higher allowances. It remain to be seen how the situation will develop.

Labor has, however, evinced little interest in Congress activity possibly partly because Mr. Naraindas Bechar, M.L.A., was one of the first persons to go to jail. Approximately 400 dock themselves from work on the 19^th August but resumed the following day. This was the only response made by labor to the call for a general strike on that day. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

19^TH August 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprinsing him of rowdyism and gundaism of Hindu student and arresting of them. [ D.O. No. 312/F.R.]

20^th August 1942: ArtistMoti Kalwani is born in Sindh later on migrates to Baroda. [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the Second half of August The fortnight began quietly and in the main Congress activity was  confined to the dissemination of unauthorized bulletins and leaflets advocating ‘hartals’, general strikes, interference with all forms of transport, withdrawal of deposits from banks and Post Offices and the like. There were some small meetings and processions but they were ignored in the hope that non-interference by the Police would result in the public losing interest. To some extent this policy was at first successful, a call for a general ‘hartal’ on the 19^thAugust evoking a poor response which caused no particular inconvenience to anyone except the shop-keepers themselves, but later the Hindu students of the local colleges, who have throughout behaved extremely badly, started rowdly processions again and made another attempts to set fire to a tramcar on the night of the 28^th August. They also stoned both English and American troops leaving a cinema on the same night, but fled on the appearance of a handful of Military Police. The colleges re-opened on the 24^th but the attendance therein has been low and confined mainly to Muslim students. It would seem that the state of discipline in the colleges throughout Sind calls for enquiry. The principals of the Karachi colleges were summoned and asked what they were doing and what they could do to maintain control over their students. It was obvious from their demeanor that they had no hope of exercising any control and it appeared doubtful whether they had any real desire to do so they considered they had completed their duty which they closed the colleges. In order to test the discipline of the University Officer Training Corps, the District Commanders called a parade one was unable to establish contact with one Kewalraman, the Commanding Officer, he was among the missing. Following considerable agitation from certain sections of the public, Government appointed a special officer to enquire into allegation of ill-treatment by the Police of students arrested and confined in police station in the city on the12th August. His report has not yet been received but the Superintendent of Police are District Magistrate Karachi, state that his appointment has had an extremely bad effects on the morale of the City Police Force. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

In the Second half of August The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: There is little to report apart from the activities of the Congress which have already been dealt with. Dacoities and murders by the Hurs are still occurring and there was one particularly daring raid on a village called Kot Nawab, only a few miles from Sanghar. The men of this village had carried out a raid on the Hurs and in return were raided and Post 13 men and 5 women killed and 8 men and 3 women injured. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7th September, 1942.]

In the Second half of August Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: Political happenings in India continue to be the main concern of the Press and there has been general criticism of the policy of Government in arresting the Congress leaders. The displays of violence and hooliganism which have taken place have been condemned but the Hindu Papers absolve the Congress from all the blame in respect of these outrages. “Government’s decision to appoint a special officer to enquire into the alleged mal-treatment of the boys at one of the police stations after their arrest has been welcomed by the Hindu papers. The Muslim papers have, however, operate the treatment which they have consider to be mere concession to Hindu and which in their opinion, will completely demutualize the police, “The Muslim Voice” the “Alwahid” and the Nusrat praised the executive authority and the police for t handling of the situation in Karachi. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

In the Second half of August the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The general attitude towards the war continue to be one of almost complete apathy. The progress of the Congress movement has been deemed to be far more interesting. There has been much condemnation of Government’s policy towards Congress and while some disapproval of the acts of violence and sabotage has been expressed, it has been on the whole mere lip service. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of August 1942, 7^th September, 1942.]

28^th August 1942: Poet Pir Bux ‘Piyasi’ is born at Tando Muhammad Khan [Gul Hayat Collection]

31^st August 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 21 Congress (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 12 Congress (Under Defense of India Rules-29), 37 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 69 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules- 129), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-129). Total 942.

(b)   Prosecuted: 4(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-8), (Under Defense of India Rules-34), 30(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-81). Total is 54.

(c)    Convicted: 3(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-35), 46(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-81) total is 53.

1^st September 1942: JournalistMuhammad Iqbal Dal is born at Soomar Dal. [Gul Hayat Collection]

4^th September 1942: Artist Mangho Dharamdasani is born at Kand taro later on migrates to Ahmadabad. [Gul Hayat Collection]

5^th September 1942: “Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing news regarding fire in a parachute factory in Kashmir.[ Gul Hayat Collection]

5^th September 1942: “Hindu  Sansaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) asked the District Press Adviser, Thar Parkar to call the editor and warn him for publishing two objectionable articles. [Gul Hayat Collection]

5^th September 1942: “Frontier Gazette”, “Hitechhu” (Gujerati daily of Karachi), (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Qurbani” (Sindhi daily of Shikarpur), “Hindu  Samchaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) and “AL Wahid” ( Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for for  Failure to indicate the source of Satyagraha news. [Gul Hayat Collection]

7^th September 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprinsing him of the repercussion of action taken by the Government against the members of the Congress working Committee. [D.O.No. 334/F.R.]

7^th September 1942: “Frontier Gazette”, “Hitechhu” (Gujerati daily of Karachi), (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Qurbani” (Sindhi daily of Shikarpur), “Hindu  Samchaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) and “AL Wahid” ( Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for for  Failure to indicate the source of Satyagraha news. [Gul Hayat Collection]

7^th September 1942: “Babul – Islam” (Sindhi weekly of Hyderabad) is warned for intemperate writings tending to embitter communal feelings. [Gul Hayat Collection]

8^th September 1942: Singer Arjun Bhambhani is born at Tharo Shah later on migrates to Ahmadabad. [Gul Hayat Collection]

10^th September 1942: “Frontier Gazette”, “Hitechhu” (Gujerati daily of Karachi), (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Qurbani” (Sindhi daily of Shikarpur), “Hindu  Samchaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) and “AL Wahid” ( Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for for  Failure to indicate the source of Satyagraha news. [Gul Hayat Collection]

12^th September 1942: Yousuf Haroon on behalf of Sindh Provincial Muslim League sends the following letter to the honorary Secretary of All-India Muslim League:

Dear Sir,

I have the honour to forward herewith a copy of the resolution passed by the Working Committee of the All India Muslim League at their last meeting.

Yours Sincerely

Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan

Honorary Secretary

Copy of the Resolution.

“The Working Committee of the All India Muslim League place on record their deep sense of sorrow at the sad death of Haji Sir Abdoola Haroon and convey their heartfelt sympathy to the members of the bereaved family.

The Muslim League has lost one of its foremost loyal members and Muslim India a zealous and sincere worker in the cause of Islam.”

To

Yousuf Haroon Saheb

Napier Road,

Karachi.

13.       Resolved that a Friday be fixed on which just before or after the  Friday Prayers, the —————— over Sindh could pass the following Resolution and the facts connected therewith and the import ———————- explained to the present:

“This public meeting of all the —— in this — strongly condemn the ignoble part that K. B. Allah Baksh has played in his efforts to ——- Hindus by putting up the Azad Conference above and alternating thereby to ——- the representative character of the Muslim League ——- is the only true representative of the Muslims in ——– country.

This  public meeting emphatically declares the fact that neither K. B. Allah Baksh represents the Muslim nor does he enjoy or deserve the confidence of the Muslims of Sindh much less of those of India.”

14.       Resolved that in view of the fact that the Congress, the Muslim League, the Hindu Sabhe —— and other co-organizations have decided not to set up a separate organization of their own in connection with the A. R. B. and other defense measures and they have all formed a separate committee known as Civil Defence Committee, consisting of representatives of all the said organizations, for the purpose of rendering all possible help that may be needed at the time of Air —— in the city of Karachi this Council is of the opinion that the Sindh Provincial Muslim League should extend its support to all such activities in Karachi ——- or other towns in Sindh. It therefore request the All India Muslim League to permit the Sindh Muslim League to participation in the above kind of joint activities in view of the special conditions prevailing in Sindh.

This Council requests Mr. Muhammad Hashim Gazdar to communicate at an early date to the President Sindh Provincial Muslim League, the details regarding the constitution and duties of the civil defence committee referred to above.

15.       This meeting strongly support ——– absolution dated 23^rd February last passed by the working committee of the All India Muslim League condemning ———- and congress proposals of the non-party conference of Sir Taj Bahadur Sapru and emphatically declares that the Muslims of Sindh shall not  hesitate to offer every possible sacrifice in order to oppose any constitution that is promulgated in India without cannot of the Muslim League whether for the duration of war or for ———————

 

12^th September 1942: The directorate of Information, Government of Sind issues the press note about acts of rowdyism and hoolganism by Hindus students.

15^th September 1942: Social worker & Founder Manik Moti TanzeemMuhammad Usman Mangi is born at Khairodero. [Gul Hayat Collection]

First half of September 1942There have been sporadic attempt in Karachi to hold meeting and to take out processions and two minor effort at arson, one in which was a fire started at High School stairs but was extinguished by the Chowkidar and another was cigarette thrown through a ventilator of an office of a North western Railway Premises. No damage of any account was done in either cases. A student who said he had been enlisted into a Revolutionary gang of Karachi was found in possession of automatic pistol stolen from a Government officer at Sukkur but so far no other member of gang was discovered. The local colleges are open but attendance is low and consists mainly of Muslims students who incidentally are complaining that the Hindu Principle are not making proper arrangements for their lecture. A considerable number of Congress bulletins are in circulation and many of them contain very objectionable anti-British and anti war propaganda.
The situation however is one of uneasy calm and there is no doubt that Hindu population of Karachi including the prominent Hindu businessmen are largely in sympathy with congress movement. The Hindu justices of peace have resigned as a protest against policy adopted by the Government.

The special officer was appointed to enquire into the allegation of the ill treatment of students after arrest by Police has submitted his reports. After recurring the statements of various persons and officers concerned he came to the conclusion that there were no ground for further investigation into the conduct of the Police officers alleged to have concerned. His conclusion was accepted by the Government and Press Note was issued in which the Government took an opportunity to deplore the reckless making of allegations against the Karachi Police Force. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

 

In the First half of September Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: There were stock taking articles in several papers on the occasion of the third anniversary of the war. The consensus of opinion was although the position of the Allies had improved there were at present no signs of the end. Tributes were paid to the magnificent resistance of the Russian Armies to the terrific onslaught of the Germans and it was generally conceded that Rommel was being well held in Egypt. The seriousness of the Japanese threat to Australia and to India was fully recognized. The “Sind Observer” opined that the course of the war could only be changed by the opening of a Second Front in Europe and several papers exhorted the Allies to take the offensive instead of remaining on the defensive. Although the “Daily Gazette” and “Sind Observer” continue to treat the war in its proper perspective by devoting front pages to the war news, and writing editorials on the day-to-day course of the war, the vernacular press gives greater prominence to political happenings in India and publishes whatever how it can get of the disturbances caused by the Satyagarha campaign.

The nationalist press continues to press for peace with the Congress. The acts of violence though condemned, are regarded largely as spontaneous outbursts of resentment at the interment of the Congress leaders. The “Sind Observer” which holds a brief for the Congress has not been able entirely to exonerate the Congress leaders of blame for plunging the country into disorder.
Mr. Churchill’s statement on India came in for a good deal of spirited criticism. The “Daily Gazette” left its leader column headed “Mr Churchill’s Statemanlike’ Solution to Indian Deadlock” blank. Exclaiming the blank column the same paper remarked next day that the Provincial Press Adviser might have developed “political delirium” if it reproduced. A.G. Gardiner’s assertion that the Mr. Churchill lacked a soul and rounded up by saying that it was not fair to take Mr. Churchill seriously. The “Sind Observer” complained of the “Tory Imperialism” of Mr. Churchill and regarded the appeal of some of the India leaders including the Premieres of Bengal and Sind that India should be declared independent “here and now as the best answer to Mr. Churchill”. The “Azad” a new Muslim daily which is the organ of the nationalist Muslim, questioned the correctness of Mr. Churchill’s assertion that the Muslims were opposed to the Congress and stated that the Momins, the Jamiat-ul-ulema and other Muslim organizations support the Congress stand for independence. The Muslim League papers, the “Al-wahid” and the Muslim Voice have not commented on Mr. Churchill’s speech.

The radio speech of the Commander-in-chief was published without comment.
The “sind Observer” writing under caption “This must stop at once” protested against the rash and negligent driving of some American Negro soldiers which has recently resulted in 5 persons being killed in the streets of Karachi. The Assurance of the district Magistrate, Karachi, that the culprits were being tried by Court Martial was received with satisfaction. The “Daily Gazette” continues to complain of the ineffectiveness of the Price Control measures and the “Sind Observer” views with alarm the shortage of food stuffs and advocates the requisitioning and rationing of such supplies. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

 

In the First half of September The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: During the Fortnight the Hurs have continued to commit odd docoities involving murder and there have been two murders on Railway. The first was the minor incident in which three shot were fired at a rail motor between Ghotki and Sarhad Railway stations on September the 2^nd. No casualties were occurred and no damage was done. The second was an attack which might easily have had very serious results, on the Jodhpur Mail in the Mirpurkhas district in the early morning of the 6^th September. On the rounding the bend the driver of the driver mail noticed an obstruction on the line.  He at once accelerated and pushed through the obstruction but while doing so shots were fired and he and three Muslim ladies on the train received slight pallet wound. As far as discovered that attackers were on large body, estimated at 150 Hurs from the desert area, mounted on camels and there is no doubt that if the train had been forced to stop or had been derailed, a tragedy similar to that of the derailment of the Lahore Mail, in may last night have ensured. Fortunately the train was not stopped and most of the passengers, including a party of men belonging to the Baluchistan Regiment returning from leave, were unaware of the incident until the next station was reached. The attackers were perused by a military force and it is believe casualties were inflicted upon them. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

In the First half of September the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The third anniversary of the war was observed in the most district in the Province by the holding of meetings under the auspices of the National War Front and the offering of prayers on the 6^th September, but there is very little real interest in the progress of the war. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of September 1942, 19th September, 1942.]

12^th September 1942: Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: Since the 10^th August last the various acts of rowdyism and hooliganism which have taken place in Karachi have been almost exclusively the work of the Hindu students of the local colleges and schools. Such acts have followed a definite and clearly pre-arranged plan and have included the holding up of tramcars and motor buses, attempts to damage them by stone throwing and by fire, attempts to set fire on telephone booths and post boxes, and attack on a Police chowki and continued stoning of the city Police engaged in preventing such willful destruction of property and the holding of meetings and processions in defiance of the orders of Government.

Following one such display, a number of students were arrested on the morning of the 12^th August last at the Amil Institute in the New Town after the lathi charge in which some of them received injuries. After arrest the boys were first taken in police Lorries to the Soldier Bazaar Police Station and from the thence to the lock up at the Rachore Police Station. Later in the day, they were released.

Previous to this incident there had been much criticism of the action taken by the Police in dealing with meetings processions and acts of disorder and the Managing Committee of the Karachi Indian Merchants Association had already on the 11 August passed a resolution in which Government were accused of resorting “to indiscriminate firing” maintaining law and order “with the help of hired goondas” using the civic guards and A.R.P. personnel “for manhandling member of the public whom they are expected to protect”. Lathi-charging small school going children and other inhuman acts. And this was followed by the appointment of a Committee of members of the Association of the Buyers and Shippers Chamber which went even further. This Committee examined certain persons and on the strength of their testimony produces a report in which they made more astounding allegations of a nature which cannot be given in this statement but which in any case should have only been made after the most careful and impartial enquiry. As the more revealing accusations were definitely in regard to the treatment in the Ranchore Police Station of the students arrested on the 12^th August, Government decided that an enquiry should be made into the alleged misconduct of the Police at that station and appointed Mr. G.H.K Agha, an officer of very wide magisterial experience, to hold it. It was decided that Mr. Agha should examine the persons who made the complaints of ill-treatment and report whether in his opinion there were grounds for the institution of further proceedings against any of the Police officers against whom allegations might be made. Mr. Agha accordingly examined R.B. Hotchand Chandumal, R.B. Ramchand, their two grandsons and a number of other students; Mr. Parmanand Kindanmal, Mr. Gopaldas Lala, and Dr. Kishinchand who had attended the grandson of R.B. Ramchand. Then as the students examined involved a sub-Inspector named Mr. Hansotia, he also recorded the evidence of Mr. Best, Assistant Superintendent of Police, Karachi, Mr. Sharma, Editor of the “Daily Gazette”, and Mr. Gamadia, Manager of the Daily Gazette Press.

The evidence of the students was generally to the effect that after they were placed in the lock up at the Ranchore Police Station, they were taken out of the lock-up by a constable of whose identity on indication is given, in batches of 3 or 4, taken along the varandan of the Police Station and that then each boy was taken separately into the Sub-Inspector’s room and beaten either on his buttocks or on the Soles of his feet. Some of them stated that they were also asked to touch the shoes of the officer who conducted the beating and in one instance to crawl along the ground none complained or the more serious indecencies as recorded in the report of the Committee referred to above. To begin with, no witness gave any clear indications as to the identity of the Police officer said to have conducted the mishandling of the whom three of the lads said they would be able to recognize. The Enquiry Officer, therefore, asked the District Magistrate to produce before him the police officers who were present on the 12^th August. Mr. Hanstotia was produced first he is clean shaven and the three students identified him whole two others did the same.
It being quite clear from the statements made by the various witnesses that the alleged beating etc. must, if the students’ stories were time have begun between 12:45 and 1. P.m. and ended between 2:30 and 3:00 p.m. Mr. Hansotia was asked to account for his movement between those times. In denying the allegations he was able to prove conclusively that he was not at the Police Station between the times in question except for a short period between 1:10 and 1:30 pm. Until he returned there in the course of his duties at about 2:45 p.m. He cited as witnesses to this effect the District Magistrate, the District Superintendent of Police, Karachi Camp. Fullerton, D.A. Provost Marshall Sind Dist., the Assistant Superintendent of Police Karachi and also as is mentioned above Mr. Shama and Mr. Gamadia, while a very relevant entry in the situation Telephone Book was also produced. 
Mr. Agha did not, after hearing the Assistant Superintendent of Police, think it necessary to hear the first three officers cited, as will be shown below, there was obviously no need to do so. Mr. Best, the Assistant Superintendent of Police, stated that when he left the to do where two tramcars had been burnt near the Mouldino Mussafarkhana about 1 p.m. , Mr. Hansotia was still there and that he met him later at the same site, at about 2:15 p.m. again leaving him there when he left. The Ranchore Police Station Telephone Book, which Mr. Agha states was properly pages containing seriatim therein the calls received at the station, show in proper order and place the following entry:-

S.No	Date	Time	Text of Message	Remarks
224.	12.8.42	1:10 p.m.	Received a phone call from city Police Station that S.I. Hansotia should be informed to reach to “Daily Gazette office with to constables as soon as possible.	To be informed.

The entry shows that the Sub-Inspector was not at the Station at 1:10 p.m. and Mr. Hansotia’ story that he arrived there at about 1:30 p.m. from the site of the burnt tramcars and on receiving the above message collected a party and proceeded to the “Daily Gazette” office and that he did not get back to the Police Station until about 2:45 p.m. is amply corroborated by Mr. Shama, Mr. Gamadia, Mr. Abdul Aziz, Inspector of Police and Mr. Best A.S.P. The story of the students that Mr. Hansotia was present at the station at the time of the alleged beating and personally carried out or supervised it, and the students were very positive on the point is obviously false. This being so, there is no reason to believe the rest of it, more particularly when the evidences of Mr. Panmanand Kundanmal and Mr. Golpaldas Lala is considered. These gentlemen arrived at the Police Station at above 4.p.m., the former to ball out one of his servants and the latter to procure the release of his son none of the students then complained to them of any mal-treatment. The fact Mr. Pramanend says there was nothing suggestive of any ill-will or resentment and Mr. Lala says he found the boys in the lock-up to be in a holiday mood. Mr. Agha has, therefore, reported that it would be to no purpose to order any further enquiry. With this finding Government after a careful examination of the statements recorded are in full agreement. They would only wish to add that they consider it singularly unfortunate to that bodies such as the Karachi Indian Merchants Association and the Karachi Buyers and Shippers Chamber should be so willing to give audience to such scandalous accusations of misconduct on the part of members of the Police Force on whose protection at other times they are so to rely and who have so far undoubtedly behaved with commendable Merchant ain the face of organized rowdyism and of stone throwing which has united so far as injuries some of them united. [Press Note, No. P-308. Karachi, dated 12^th September 1942]

16^th September 1942: Shri Birham Khastri Co-Operative Stores are opened in various Muhallas of Karachi so as to provide commodities to people on cheap rates, because economy of the country was very much badly affected by the World War and people were to be helped accordingly. (Source: The Daily Gazette, Karachi).

16^th September 1942:  Following letter is send by Sindh Provincial Muslim League to the The Secretary, All India Muslim League, Daryagunj,Delhi

 

“Dear Sir,

I am sending you some of the Resolution passed by the Provincial Muslim League Working Committee held in Karachi between 12^th and 14^th instant with a request that you will kindly look into these and take necessary steps to help us.

 

With best wishes,

 

Yours faithfully,

Napier Road Karachi

 

RESOLUTION NO: 1,

 

The Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League fully endorses the Resolution passed by the working committee of the All India Muslim League on 20^th August 1942 at Bombay on the present political situation. It further assures the Quaid-e-Azam and his working committee that the Muslim League Organization of this Province will do its best to act up to the spirit and letter of the said resolution.

 

RESOLUTION NO: 2.

 

The Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League regrets to observe that in spite of repeated grandiloquent claim put forth by the British Ministers that the constitution was flourishing in five provinces in India (including Sindh), no session of the Sindh Legislature has been called throughout the current year barring the brief Budget Session of March last which perhaps could not be avoided on account of the mandatory nature of the Law operating in respect of such sessions. During this period Sindh has been confronted by problems such as she had never before encountered and which the people’s representatives were fully entitled to disuses on the floor of the Legislature. There were ——- and the subsequent promulgation of Martial Law which  still continues; there were floods followed by a Public outcry for an enquiry into the causes which led to the bursting of Bachao Bunde; there were complaints as to the partiality and gross ——- shown in rendering proper relief to the suffering multitudes, there were questions connected with the general political upheaval in the country of which Sindh but an integer part; there were certain problems associated with the Sindh-Punjab dispute over the waters of the Indus not to spelt of the fact paralyeation of the legislature in this arbitrary fashion had deprived the country’s chosen representatives of all opportunities of exercising their most vital constitutional rights, such as the of exercising control over the ministry and of putting forth interpellations and moving resolutions and adjournments.

 

The committee while registering its most emphatic protest against this deliberate effort to keep the constitution a frozen state, urgent upon the Government to convene a session of the Legislature forthwith to consider the entire situation which confronts the province.

 

Proposed by Shaikh Abdul Majid

&

Seconded by Sayed Hassan Bux Shah

 

 

 

 

RESOLUTION NO: 4.

The Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League deems it expedient to invite the attention of the Premier to the effect that the funds collected by him and by the Chairman of the Flood Relief Committee (For the Flood Relief Work) need to be disbursed through a joint Committee representative of all important organized parties in the Province so that all possibilities of the charge of exploitation of these funds for party purposes are obviated. Further more in view of the fact that Sindh has had the misfortune of experiencing the calamity of floods on an unprecedented scale, it is just and proper that the Provincial and Central Government should make substantial contribution towards the orientation of these funds which are to be utilized in rendering relief to the sufferers in constructing the areas that have gone through this terrible process of devastation. In the opinion of this Committee however such stupendous task cannot be tackled on the strength of ordinary Provincial Revenue or by means of Private contribution and consequently it is imperative that the Government of Sindh sould raise a loan for this vital purpose on which hinges the future of this vast act. So far utilization of these funds is concerned, the committee is clearly of the view that the principle put forth in the first part of this resolution viz. setting up of a representative committee to control these funds shall have to be extended to this as well.

 

 

RESOLUTION NO: 5.

The Working Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League wants to make it clear as a matter of principle, that in case of react calamities such as Sindh has just experienced in the shape of floods, it is the exclusive duty and sole responsibility of the Government to help the affected community to come into its own, an raise it to the original level of life, irrespective of the consideration whether the public charity suffices for it or not. In the Sindh case this principle has greater applications and force in view of the fact that ——- facts there are sound grounds, not so far disproved by any Judicial Finding to believe that Sindh owes in a large measure, thin misfortune to the wrong handling of flood situation by their own functionaries. This meeting is further of the opinion that the relief sanctioned for the flood sufferers is absolutely inadequate to meet the requirements of sufferers and this meeting protests against stopping of all relief measures in Sukkur and Larkana Districts prematurely. This meeting therefore suggests the following measures which should be adopted by Government for giving relief to the sufferers and the alleviation of distress amongst them until the next Rabi crop.

 

From supply of food to these who are unable to work for themselves.

From supply of fodder.

Free supply of seed.

Takavi leens to enable the agriculturists to erect there huts, purchase of bullocks and reclamation of their lands.

Suspension of all decrees whether of Civil Courts or of Co-Operative Societies or recovery of all Government dues.

General permission for cultivating Ne-Kabuli lands.

Free supply of fuel and timber to the sufferers, more particularly small khatedars and peasants for construction of their huts.

General remission for lands that have been flooded as well as remission of old assessment arrears.

Remission of old and out-standing P.W.D. and Revenue Fines.

 

 

 

RESOLUTION NO.6

This meeting of the working committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League has carefully considered the reports from various sources including the statement made by Hon’able R. S. Gokaldas in the press relating to the causing which have led to the advent of the flood calamity and demands that tribunal be set up by Government to enquire  into and educate upon at an early date in regard to the following points:-

 

1.         The reasons why the Old Sukkur Begari Bund was cut to soak the loop Bund when the river was abnormally high inspite of the protests from the inhabitants of neighboring villages.

 

2.         Whether the old Sukkur Begari bund did have sluices for the purpose of soaking New Bund.

 

3.         Whether the New loop Bund was constructed in accordance with the Indus River Commission specifications.

 

4.         Who were than constructers for the loops Bund whether they executed their work efficiently and properly or their faults were connived at.

 

5.         Why was the flood water appeared into the Right Bank Canals and it was not allowed to take its natural course, in excess of the ————————— canals to carry such volume of water.

 

6.         Why deliver ———– without justifications, as un-necessary discriminatory and actuated by a feeling of —— ——————— river in the right bank canals at various places thereby flooding and devastating large areas in Larkana, Sukkur and Dadu  District.

 

7.         Why cuts in the Old Bund ways not ——- when soaking process had been completed and the neighboring people were willing and anxious to ——— the water level had for some short interval receded.

 

8.         Whether Government of the Province had received warnings from Peshawar  and other places in the effect that heavy floods were coming down to Sindh and if no what precautionary measures. Government took to meat the ———–

 

9.         Whether the ——liable to be affected by the deliberate cuts into the canals or bunds were given adequate notice to evacuate.

 

10.       What is the extent of losses suffered by the Government as well as people thus affected.

           

It is further urged that all those people who have suffered by loading their valuable crops, buildings, cattle and other moveable and immoveable property as a result of these breaches and cuts in the Sindhs and —— should be adequately —— by the Government and a special officer of not loss than a collector’s rank be appointed to estimate these losses for the purpose of payment of the compensation.

 

 

RESOLUTION NO. 8.

The committee of the following persons is empowered to deal with the question relating to the Martial law and report the result of its efforts to the Working committee within two months.

 

K. B. M. A. Khuhro,

G. M. Sayed,

Shaikh Abdul Majid,

 

Mr. G. M. Sayed’s resolution in this connection is referred to the above committee for consideration and disposal.”

 

Second half of September The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow:Little to export the Martial Law authorities are busy with operations against the Hurs in the desert area. Nine offenses of dacoity and murders win which 5 persons including 1 policeman were killed were committed by Hurs during the fortnight.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

Second half of September Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: War news continues to occupy the front pages of the newspapers out editorials have been mainly devoted to the debates in the Central Legislative Assembly and to exhortations for a settlement with the Congress.
Russian tenacity and doggedness have earned repeated praise. The “Sind Observer” losses no occasion to draw a moral from the Russian example to assert that free “India” will oppose Hitler as well as the Russian have done. Operation in Madagascar have been praised and gratification expressed at the British success in that island. The statement of Mr. Wendell Willkie’s expressing the need of second Front has been commented upon with approval by some paper although the “Sind Observer” thought it was badly timed and that it may provide grounds for false and pernicious propaganda may use by the enemy to drive a wedge between the United Nations.
Considerable interest has been shown in comments in the American and the statements of some prominent American showing anxiety over the Indian question.
The move of Mr. Arthur Moore has been hailed with approval The “Daily Gazette” hoped that his lead and that of other Europeans of his group will counteract the effect of Mr. Churchill’s pronouncement which afforded a fertile ground for uncongenial “reactionaries”  The “Sind Observer” called it a refreshing move “an opportunity of an Life time for the British in India” The speech of the Honorable Sir Sultan Ahmed and Sir Jogedar Singh has been well received but there has been severe criticism  of the statement of the Honorable the Finance Member.

The “Sind News” the Hindu Daily of Hyderabad, in a leading article has denounced mob violence and has appealed for the strengthening of United Front against the enemies of mankind. The “Al-wahid” a Muslim Daily regard the campaign of non-co-operation against the British Government as the war against the Muslim communities and minorities communities.

The renouncing to titles by the Honorable Premier was widely commented upon Both “The Daily Gazette” and “Sind Observer” hoped that the British statesmen would take it as sign of the times and would revise their policy in regard to India.
The Government Press Note on the report of the Special Officer, who was appointed to enquire into the alleged maltreatment of students at one of the Police station in Karachi after their arrest, was welcomed by Muslim papers. The “Al-wahid” blamed the Hindu community for clearing unnecessary trouble and express gratification at the vindication of integrity of the police. The “MIllat and Nusrat both Muslim weeklies, congratulated the Enquiry Officer on his just conclusion. The Hindu papers on the other hand, have criticized the Government Press Note. The “Sind Observer” called it a “whole and corner” enquiry and the “Daily Gazette” opens it to be “labored attempt at eye wash”.
The Hindu Sansar has again drawn the attention of the minorities to the abnormal rise in the prices of foodstuffs and other necessities. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

21^st September 1942: “Hindu  Sansaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing a misleading headline. [Gul Hayat Collection]

21^st September 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprinsing him of the interest of Sindh Ministers in high profits either for zamindars or for Baniya middlemen and that has created problem to control over prices in effective way. [D.O.No. 357/F.R.]

26^th September 1942: Outstanding, but drastic action is taken by Khan Bahadur Allah Bux Soomro, the Premier of Sindh. He denounces the title in protest against British policy regarding  granting freedom to India. Though, he was not Congress man and took the decision on his own and history will remember him as a Freedom Fighter of his own right, but it proved to be big political support for Congress also, because it was busy in ‘Quit India’ Movement launched by it. full text of Allah Bakhsh Soomro’s letter to the viceroy of sindh, that paved way for his dismissal as the premier of sindh.

[An unprecedented thing happened which brought out in a striking manner the real character of British policy. The Premier of Sindh, Mr. Allah Bakhsh Soomro, who had publicly protested against the Government’s repressive policy, is dismissed from his office by the Sindh Governor. The extraordinary reason given is that Mr.Allah Bakhsh no longer possessed the Governor’s confidence and that he could not in consequence continue to hold office.

For the first time since the 1935 Act came into force, this new principle was applied that a Premier, though no motion of ‘no-confidence’ had been passed against him in a Legislature, could be dismissed from office by the Governor on the ground that he did not possess Governor’s confidence! The only offence of Allah Bakhsh, the Premier of Sindh was that, as a protest against Mr. Churchill’s statement, he renounced the honours which he had received from the Government.

“ I beg to inform your Excellency that I have decided to renounce both the honours I hold from the British Government as I feel I cannot consistently with my views and convictions retain them any longer.

India has been struggling for her national freedom for along time past. Upon the outbreak of the present war it was hoped that  under the very principles and ideology, in defence of which the Allies were waging a titanic conflict, India would be made free and participate in the world struggle as a free country. Convinced as I am that India has every to be free and that the people of India should have conditions in which they could live in peace and harmony, the declaration and action of the British Government have made. I clear  that, instead of giving their co-operation to various Indian parties and communities in settling their differences and parting with power to the people of land and allowing them to live happy in freedom and mould the destinies of their country according to their birthright, the policy of the British Government has been to continue their imperialistic hold on India and persist in keeping her under subjection, use the political and communal differences for propaganda purposes, and crush the national forces to serve their own imperialistic aims and intentions.

The last speech delivered by Mr. Wiston Churchill in the House of Commons has caused the greatest disappointment to all men of good will who wish to see rendered to India justice which is long due to her. As that helpless pronouncement withholds such justice from India and adds to the volume of evidence that Britain has no desire to give up her imperialistic hold on India, I feel I cannot retain the honours I hold from the British Government which in the circumstances that have arisen. I cannot but regard as tokens of British Imperialism.” (Source: ‘Source-Material on Allah Bakhsh Soomro’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).

 

28^th September 1942: “Hindu  Sansaar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Azad” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) and “Sansaar Samachar”( Sindhi Daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing news regarding the cutting of telegraph wires near Junshahi. [Gul Hayat Collection].

In the Second half of September the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Indian political still appear to be more interesting than war news. But events in Russia are receiving close attention and Mr. Wendell Wilkie’s statement that it is high time a second front was opened was widely commented upon. There seems to be a little apprehension or an attack on Indian itself. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

30^th September 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 93(Under Martial laws Reputations), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-38). Total is 95.

(b)   Prosecuted: 3(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 4(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-34), 10(Under Defense of India Rules-35),8(Under Defense of India Rules-38),5(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 4(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-86), 1 (Under Defense of India Rules-120) total is 34.

(c)    Convicted: 4(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-10), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-34) ,1 (Under Defense of India Rules-35), 6(Under Defense of India Rules-36), 5(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 6(Under Defense of India Rules-52) ,1(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-86) and 1(Under Defense of India Rules-120) Total is 38.

2^nd-9^th October 1942: The Indian political still appear to be more interesting than war news. But events in Russia are receiving close attention and Mr. Wendell Wilkie’s statement that it is high time a second front was opened was widely commented upon. There seems to be a little apprehension or an attack on Indian itself.

There has been no serious trouble with the Congress movement anywhere in the Province but attempts were made to take advantage of ‘Gandhi Jayanti’ on the 2^nd October and also on the occasion of the 9^th October to whip up enthusiasm for the cause. A number of meetings were held and ‘prabhat pheries’ were taken out. In most cases these activities were ignored but on one or two occasions the police were stoned and a number of arrests were made. The majority of the persons arrested were released the same day but some were prosecuted and fined.

The order under section 144, criminal procedure code, issued by the District Magistrate, Karachi, has now been withdrawn and a number of the less important Congress workers arrested early on have been released. Stray incidents however, still continue to occult and will probably continue to do so for some time. The colleges and schools are mainly closed for the usual vacation but the situation particularly in regard to the colleges is by no means satisfactory and the examinations with the exceptions of those of the local engineering college, which were held in Poona, have not been held owing to picketing by students.

Outside the Karachi there has been a little activity except for the issue of unauthorized bulletins which goes in merrily both in the city and elsewhere. 
One curious incident is perhaps worth recording. Early in months four business men from Bombay appeared in Mirpurkhas with ostensible reason of preventing the local owners of the cotton ginning factories from making deliveries of cotton. After some parley, negotiation appeared to be breaking down but meanwhile the District Magistrate had served them with an order to quit and they left for Bombay, Before they left they, however, bought 25,000 bales themselves. Whether they were out to stop deliveries or to get cheap cotton for themselves is not yet clear, but anyway the amount purchased is not large enough to have any appreciable effect on the situation. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1942, 19^th October, 1942.]

5^th October 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprising him of political situation of Sindh that “The Provincial Sindh Muslim League is not a happy family and Allah Bux Soomro is trying hard to catch Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi from the League and induce him to join him his own party. Muslim League’s are quarreling over the control and disbursement of the little bits of money they have managed to collect for blood relieve. [D.O. No. 376/F.R-]

6^th October 1942: “Karachi Daily” is warned For Publishing misleading news. [Gul Hayat Collection].

8^th October 1942: “Sansaar Samachaar”,“Sind Observer” ,“Karachi Daily”,“Sind Samachar”,“Al wahid” is warned for publishing new relating to  the cutting of telegraph wires. [Gul Hayat Collection]

13^th October 1942: Poet Bhagwan Nirdosh is born at Darya Khan Marri later on migrates to Ahmadabad [Gul Hayat Collection]

First half of October Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The Resistance put up by the Russian at stalingard has evoked widespread admiration. Editorial comments express a hope of the turning of the tide in favor of the Allies. Hitler’s speech was published with adverse comments but the “Sind Observer “wondered why his reference to India had been omitted in Reuters’ dispatch. Little interest is both shown in other theatres of war.
The dictatorial comments made by the “Times” of London in the Indian political statements were featured with banner headlines were favorably commented upon. Mr. Amery indictment of the congress in the House of Commons evoked bitter criticism. The “Sind Observer” characterized it as voice of the a chorus girl in a Greek tragedy” while the “Daily Gazette” uttered and dictum that “great empires and little minds go ill together” and ended by appealing to Indians to do all to help the fighting men and working men to win the war and win it quickly. The “Sansar Samachar” refused to admit that the present disturbances were the work of Mahatama Gandhi and opined that those who were indulging in acts of violence were out to malign the congress. The effort of the Hindu Mahasabha have not evoked any enthusiasm. The nationalist papers deplore the decision of the Viceroy not to allow interviews with the Congress leaders.

The embargo on the Hajj pilgrimage has since been adversely commented upon by the “Azad” and the “Alwahid” the two Muslim Sindhi dailies, who urge the Government of India reconsider their decision.

Nationalist papers speaks with two voices with one the eulogize the effort of the congress in the advancing the cause of the Indian freedom and the other way condemns two acts of violence committed in the wake of the Congress movement. The “Daily Gazette” ask the misguided people who resort the reckless sabotage and destruction whether they realize what harm they are doing to their countrymen and country’s political advancement and “The Destruction of property”, the paper goes on to say, “involves a waste of public money, additional taxation and additional burdens”.

The topic which has attacked the largest measures or attention during the fortnight has been the removal of Mr. Allah bakhsh the former premiere from his office. All the three English dailies question of the constitutional property of his Excellency the Governor in removing the premier from office when he had not lost the confidence of assembly. The Daily Gazette opined that Mr. Allah bakhsh will now pass for “a hero punished unjustly and unfairly for his political opinion”, “The Azad” foresee in the dismissal great sacrifice in the part of Mr. Allah bakhsh and great future for him. The “Hindu Sansar” and The “Daily Sind News” deplore the action of his Excellency the Governor. The “Alwahid”, on the other hand welcome the removal premier of ex-Governor and adds it has come as a relief to the Muslims. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1942, 19^th October, 1942.]

15^th October 1942: Folklore Poet Noonh Panhwar breathes his last. [Gul Hayat Collection].

17-21^st October 1942: The Civil Disobedience movement went its weary way In Karachi students continue to make a nuisance of themselves “prabhat pheries” attempt to create sympathy and small meetings are being held, An  order under section 144, Criminal procedure code, prohibiting meetings and procession is still in force but meetings which do not appear likely to create trouble are being ignored. The local colleges have now closed for the vacation s which should normally have begun the 17^th October,  but arrangement are being made to hold the various examinations. The spate of bulletins, some very violent in tone, show no sign of diminution. There is little actively outside Karachi although the railway telegraph and telephone line was cut near Jungshahi about 40 miles from Karachi on the night of 21^st.

There is however, on aspect of the movement which may call for action. Pressure is being exerted from Bombay. A deputation of interested person has arrived from that city- to endeavors to prevent the owner of ginning factories from selling cotton, particularly to British owned firms. The Deputation is reported to be promising to compensate the factory owners from Congress Funds for any loss they may suffer. So far little success has attended their efforts but the situation is being carefully watched.

The Muslim community have kept completely aloof from the movement. The Statement of Shaikh Abdul Majid M.L.A ex minister, and Secretary of Sind Provincial Muslim League, criticizing “repression” and advocating release of Indian Leaders was condemned at a meeting of the working Committee of Sind Provincial Muslim League. Shaikh Abdul Majid explained that the statement was an expression of his personal views and was not made by him as the General Secretary of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League. It was held that the statement was objectionable. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of September 1942, 3^rd October, 1942.]

 

In the First half of October the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The removal of Mr. Allahbakhsh from his office of premiere and speculation regarding the formation of a new Ministry have attracted more attention locally than news of the war. The heroic defense of Stalingrad and indeed the efforts of the Russian Army as a whole continue, however, to excite general admiration and this coupled with the somewhat apologetic strain of Hitler’s latest speech has led to a rise in Allied Stock. The remainder of the war news has not evoked much comment although some interest has been expressed in connection with events in the Solomon Islands.
Local leaders of the National War Front have held a number of well attended meetings in the Nawabshah and THar Parkar Districts and have also issued bulletins to counteract the mischievous propaganda contained in the unauthorized bulletins which are being circulated.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of October 1942, 19^th October, 1942.]

In the Second half of October Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The opening of an attack by the Right Army has been welcomed both as a sign that the Allied Forces are taking to the offensive and as a factor likely to have a beneficial effect on opinion in Turkey and Egypt. Admiration for the Russians increases day by day and it is considered quite on the cards that Stalingrad may prove as impossible of capture this year as Chittagong and parts of Assam caused little or no comment.
The abrogation of the extra-territorial rights in China by the British and American Government has been commended as a first step towards the re-orientation of the European policy towards the Asiatic countries. The “Daily Gazette” saw in the abrogation an application of the principles of the Atlantic Charter to Asia. The “Sind Observer”, however, with its usual perverseness remarked that this magnanimous gesture has been dimmed to some extent by the British intentions to continue such rights in Hong Kong and also complained that the recent Ordinance of the Government of India against members of the Military and Naval Forces of the United States amounted to the application of extra-territorial rights in India. Mr. Wendell Willkie’s recent broadcast was given great prominence and was generally hold to be a valuable contribution to the Indian problem.

There is much dissatisfaction at the continuance of the political stalemate and there is now more expression of a desire for settlements coupled with a certain amount of open condemnation of acts of violence.
Local politics continue to be the main interest and the two Hindu Ministers who have joined the new Ministry have come in for much unrestrained criticism. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

In the Second half of October The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Outrages by Hurs continue has continued to make a spectacle of itself by adjourning its meeting on the slightest pretext but there is little hope that it will over do anything else. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

In the Second half of October the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Apart from an occasional comment on the defense of Stalingrad, the obscurity of the position in the Solomon islands area and the new offensive in Egypt, one hears little discussion of the war and there is no doubt that the average person in Sind considers himself as very little concerned with it. There seems to be a general feeling that all will be well in the end but that no-one knows when that will be. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

Second half of October Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The opening of an attack by the Right Army has been welcomed both as a sign that the Allied Forces are taking to the offensive and as a factor likely to have a beneficial effect on opinion in Turkey and Egypt. Admiration for the Russians increases day by day and it is considered quite on the cards that Stalingrad may prove as impossible of capture this year as Chittagong and parts of Assam caused little or no comment.
The abrogation of the extra-territorial rights in China by the British and American Government has been commended as a first step towards the re-orientation of the European policy towards the Asiatic countries. The “Daily Gazette” saw in the abrogation an application of the principles of the Atlantic Charter to Asia. The “Sind Observer”, however, with its usual perverseness remarked that this magnanimous gesture has been dimmed to some extent by the British intentions to continue such rights in Hong Kong and also complained that the recent Ordinance of the Government of India against members of the Military and Naval Forces of the United States amounted to the application of extra-territorial rights in India. Mr. Wendell Willkie’s recent broadcast was given great prominence and was generally hold to be a valuable contribution to the Indian problem.

There is much dissatisfaction at the continuance of the political stalemate and there is now more expression of a desire for settlements coupled with a certain amount of open condemnation of acts of violence.
Local politics continue to be the main interest and the two Hindu Ministers who have joined the new Ministry have come in for much unrestrained criticism. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of October 1942, 4^th November, 1942.]

18^th October 1942: Social workerZafar Sangi is born at Larkano. [Gu Hayat Collection]

21^st October 1942: Writer Rashida Hijab is born at Shikarpur. [Gul Hayat Collection]

22^nd October 1942: H.Dow the Governor of Sindh writes to The Viceroy of India apprinsing him of inducting Hindu Ministers in Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah’s Cabinet. They R.S. Gokuldus and Dr. Hemandas Vadhwani. [L.O. No. 389/F.R]

22^nd October 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sind writes to Viceroy and Governor General of India to apprising that dismissal of Allah Bux from the Premiership has been much criticized in Sindh Press but I have paid no regard to these criticism. [D.O.No: 389/F.R.]

31^st October 1942: JournalistHussain Bux Talpur is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

31^st October 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

Detained: 13(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 1 The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 93(Under Martial laws Reputations), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-129) total 14.

(b)   Prosecution: 1(Under Defense of India Rules-5), 5(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-9), 12(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 1(Under Defense of India Rules-90) total 24.

(c)    Convicted: 15 (Martial Law Regulations), 125 (Indian Penal Code), 33(Under Defense of India Rules-38), Total 77.

In the First half of November Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The action taken by the Allied Forces in French North Africa has been greatly acclaimed although there is a tendency to overlook the fact that the moves could not have been made without the British Navy’s command of the sea. The general Press opinion is that the German High Command is faced with a very serious situation and that the German-Italian divisions in Libya are faced with the prospect of surrender or annihilation. Hope is expressed that the operations in North Africa will be a prelude to the opening of a Second Front in Europe. Interest in the battle for Stalingrad has slackened somewhat and less interest has been taken in the struggle in the Solomon.
Comments on the success of the Republicans in the recent United States elections generally take the line that Mr. Roosevelt’s position is not at stake, for all the parties including the Isolationists are solidly behind him for the efficient prosecution of the War. The “Sind Observer” put forward the view that the results of the elections show that President Roosevelt is slipping from the position of vantage he had occupied so far, but hopes that the heat generated by the elections will not deter the U.S.A from the mighty task it has set before itself. The article contributed by Mr. Louis Fischer in the “Nation”, New York, on the Cripps, mission has been reproduced in the “Daily Gazette”, which paper considers that only the intervention of  His Majesty the King can bring about the desired effect in India. The refusal of His Excellency the Viceroy to permit Mr. Rajagopalacharia to interview Mahatama Gandhi has been generally deplored.
The “Daily Gazette” commenting on the Ordinance making paper-money defaced with political slogans illegal tender, states that the orders will cause great hardship to illiterate persons who are not likely to understand the significance of political slogans and suggests that the withdrawing of the paper-money and its replacement by coins would be a more satisfactory proposition. Complaints against the rise in prices of foodstuffs and other commodities have reappeared and the “Karachi Daily” protests strongly against the export of rice to Ceylon and of wheat to other parts outside India. The “Azad” is the only Muslim paper to continue its appeal to Government to make arrangements for the transportation of pilgrims to the Haj. The local press was asked not to publish the following items:-
(1) Statement of Mr. Hussain Zaheer on the Goodwill Mission to Russia; 
(2) Comments on the arrangements for the repatriation of Indian and British passengers from Japanese occupied countries; and 
(3) Draft Resolution before the last session of the Executive Committee of the Muslim League threatening direct action if Pakistan was not conceded and the draft Resolution on Palestine.
The Press in Sind refrained from publishing these items or commenting on them.  [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of November 1942, 18^thNovember, 1942.]

5^th November 1942: The Sindh Governor H. Dow writes to the Viceroy and Governor General of India apprising him of political situation of the Sindh and justifies his action for asking Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah to form Ministry in Sindh. [Letter No. L.O. NO. 414/F.R.]

5^th November 1942: There is no marked change in the political situation. The present Congress movement persists although its manifestations have more of a nuisance value than anything else. Unauthorized bulletins and leaflets continue to appear but on a somewhat reduced scale and there have been a number of cases of incendiaries. Some 30 bales of loose cotton were set fire to by moans of phosphorus in a railway godown at Sukkur, a second class compartment in a a Railway parcels office at Mirpurkhas and a Railway Booking Office at Nawabshah were also damaged by fire, fortunately very slightly. Post boxes have also been interfered with and section in Karachi. Such scattered incidents are difficult to deal with but it is hoped that steady pressure will gradually bring them to an end.

The colleague in Karachi have re-opened and although there have been attempts to picket, the average attendance is now more than 50 percent.

Picketing at the houses of the two Hindu Ministers has now ceased.

Supporters of the Congress did not celebrate “Divali” and some markets were closed on the 5^th instant as a protest against the detention of the Congress leaders. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of November 1942, 18^thNovember, 1942.]

 

In the First half of November the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The recent successes of the Eight Army and the landings in French North Africa have created much interest and hope is freely expressed that at last the tide is on the turn. With the Russians still holding out at Stalingrad, the German and Italian Armies in an extremely difficult position in North Africa and the Japanese being held in the Solomon Islands area, it is generally considered that Hitler must be beginning to realize the weight of the forces which will ultimately be brought against him.  The danger is that a too-optimistic feeling will assert itself but nonetheless the recent news has been a good and much needed tonic.
The Assistant Provincial Organizer toured Karachi, Dadu, Hyderabad, and Thar Parkar districts, where meetings were held which were addressed by Leaders and Sub-Leaders. Full use was made of the Publicity Van in Karachi district and of lantern slides, showing war subjects in order districts. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of November 1942, 18^thNovember, 1942.]

Government report says that “Three of the four Muslim ministers are now members of the Muslim League, and the other (Pir Illahi Bakhsh) is alleged to be fence-sitting. He will almost certainly follow their example if Jinnah can be induced to give his blessing, or even to withdraw his open disapproval. Khuhro and Gazdar have just gone to Dehli to argue with Jinnah, and are openly sanguine of success. Sir Ghulam’s adhesion to the League has certainly given Jinnah a line of honorable retreat, but I do not count on it too much, for Jinnah has strong personal antipathies which he sometimes deliberately indulges against his interests. The ministers at any rate are not likely to budge and if Jinnah does not give way, he will hardly be able to pretend in future that his Pakistan policy has even the most tenuous hold over the Muslim of Sind”. [D.O.No. 414/F.R., 5^th November 1942]

16^th November 1942: Writer Ponam Chandromalani is born at Hyderabad later on migrates to Mumbai [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the Second half of November Government reports says that “The two Hindu members have at present hardly any following in the Assembly, and Nihchaldas is working ceaselessly against them. The picketing has been rather disgraceful. The possibility of adopting this form of coercion seems to have been first mooted as a possibility in the meetings of the Hindu Independent Party, and when Gokuldas and Hemadas broke away and joined the Ministry, Nihchaldas at once issued a statement to the press that he hoped the new ministers would not be picketed. This of course, was entirely of a piece with Brer Rabbit’s advice to BrerFox not to throw him in the briar patch, and was just as successful. Next day both Ministers were picketed mainly be schoolchildren and woman under Congress incitement, and a crude bomb was thrown one night outside Hemandas’s residence. It was one of the ingredients in this bomb which provided the clue which has led to the discovery of the amateur bomb factory and the arrests referred to in the official report”.  [D.O.No. 414/F.R, 5^th November 1942]

Stray incidents connected with the civil disobedience movement persist but to all intents and purposes the movement in this province is dead and such incidents as have occurred of late are not worth reporting. Attendance in the Karachi Colleges has steadily improved and has now reached 80 percent.
Mr. Nihchaldas C. Vazirani an ex-Minister, is still trying to mobilize Hindu opinion against the two Hindu Ministers in the existing Ministry but the recent advice of Mr. Savakar to Sind Hindus to support the present Ministry will make it extremely difficult for him to make much headway. The Honorable Pir Illahi Bakhsh has joined the Muslim League which now claims twenty sixM.L.As out of thirty five Muslim M.L.As in a house of sixty members. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

 

In the Second half of November The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: Extensive operations for the rounding up of wanted Hurs continue in the Martial Law area and a number of arrests have been made during the fortnight. Four offences of dacoity and murder in which Hurs were involved have taken place in the area during the same period. Many rumors are afloat regarding the Pir and it is being freely stated that he will be brought to trial. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

In the Second half of November Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: While the continued progress of the Allied Forces in North Africa has received its due need of praise, the prowess of the Russian Armies has been given pride of place by all the provincial newspaper. The general estimates appears to be that Hitler is now in real corner from which he will find it exceedingly difficult to extricate himself. It also seems to be thought that event in the Pacific will to some extent be made to wait upon those in Europe.
France continues to excite alternately pity and respect. The mobilization order in Spain is not considered to be any special significance it is taken to signify a state of preparedness already adopted in neutral countries such as Turkey, Spain, it is though will cling to her neutrality.
The elimination of Sir Stafford Cripps from the Cabinet is regretted and regarded as ominous for India. It is feared that his removal will facility the activities of the more reactionary elements in the Cabinet as far as India is concerned. The Prime Minister’s Mansion House speech in which he expressed his determination not allow the liquidation of the Empire has come in for a good deal of criticism and is regarded as a pointer to his Indian Policy. The “Sind Observer” commenting on the Prime Minister’s speech stated that with every Allied victory there has been a hardening of attitude towards India. The “Daily Gazette” pleading for the release of Mahatma Gandhi opined that he alone can quell the violence which has demoralized the public life of this country.
The shelving of the Grady Report is also regretted and its publication is now demanded by those very papers which had formerly regarded the setting up of the Mission with suspicion.
There is much comment on the scarcity of newsprint and it is suggested that the Indian paper mills should be compelled to manufacture newsprint. The “Sind Observer” makes a plea that the sterling balance at India’s credit should be used to liquidate the foreign capital invested in Indian industries and should not be repaid in the form of goods.
The same paper gave currency to the rumors regarding the suggested trial of the Pir Pagaro and wrote a leading article condemning the Pir but suggesting that he should not be tried as his trial and the infliction of the extreme penalty of death will drive the Hurs mad with vengeance. The “Muslim Voice” suggested that the editor of the “Sind Observer” has been “bought up” by the sympathizers of the Pir.
Interest in the Congress campaign has almost ceased and there is more open condemnation of acts of violence.   [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

21^st November 1942: “Sindhi” (Sindhi weekly of Sukkur) ,“Daily Sind News” (Sindhi daily of Hyderabad, Sind), “Sind Savak” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) “Sind Samachar” (Gujarati daily of Karachi), “HItechhu” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) ,“Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) , “Karachi Daily” ,“Sind Observer”, “Azad” (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Hindustan” (Sindhi weekly of Karachi) ,“Al-Wahid” & “Hindu Sansar”(Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned For Publishing news item in contravention of the Government of Sind, Home Department (special ), Notification No. S. D-146/42, dated the 2^nd November 1942, issued under Rule 41(1) of the Defense of India Rules. (Acts of sabotage directed towards Post Office). [Gul Hayat Collection]

23^rd November 1942: “Sindhi” (Sindhi weekly of Sukkur) ,“Daily Sind News” (Sindhi daily of Hyderabad, Sind), “Sind Savak” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) “Sind Samachar” (Gujarati daily of Karachi), “HItechhu” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) ,“Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) , “Karachi Daily” ,“Sind Observer”, “Azad” (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Hindustan” (Sindhi weekly of Karachi) ,“Al-Wahid” & “Hindu Sansar”(Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned For Publishing news item in contravention of the Government of Sind, Home Department (special ), Notification No. S. D-146/42, dated the 2^nd November 1942, issued under Rule 41(1) of the Defense of India Rules. (Acts of sabotage directed towards Post Office). [Gul Hayat Collection]

25^th November 1942: “Sindhi” (Sindhi weekly of Sukkur) ,“Daily Sind News” (Sindhi daily of Hyderabad, Sind), “Sind Savak” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) “Sind Samachar” (Gujarati daily of Karachi), “HItechhu” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) ,“Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) , “Karachi Daily” ,“Sind Observer”, “Azad” (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Hindustan” (Sindhi weekly of Karachi) ,“Al-Wahid” & “Hindu Sansar”(Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned For Publishing news item in contravention of the Government of Sind, Home Department (special ), Notification No. S. D-146/42, dated the 2^nd November 1942, issued under Rule 41(1) of the Defense of India Rules. (Acts of sabotage directed towards Post Office). [Gul Hayat Collection]

26^th November 1942: “Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) is asked to deposit Scrutiny before publication for a period of 2 months. He has decided to close as a mark of protest. [Gul Hayat Collection]

27^th November 1942: “Subh-e-ZIndangi” (Sindhi weekly of Jacobabad) , “Sindhi” (Sindhi weekly of Sukkur) ,“Daily Sind News” (Sindhi daily of Hyderabad, Sind), “Sind Savak” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) “Sind Samachar” (Gujarati daily of Karachi), “HItechhu” (Gujarati daily of Karachi) ,“Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) , “Karachi Daily” ,“Sind Observer”, “Azad” (Sindhi daily of Karachi), “Hindustan” (Sindhi weekly of Karachi) ,“Al-Wahid” & “Hindu Sansar”(Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned For Publishing news item in contravention of the Government of Sind, Home Department (special ), Notification No. S. D-146/42, dated the 2^nd November 1942, issued under Rule 41(1) of the Defense of India Rules. (Acts of sabotage directed towards Post Office). [Gul Hayat Collection]

In the Second half of November the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “A very lively interest continues to be taken in the war news and the magnificent achievements of the Russian Armies and events in Northern Africa have evoked much speculates as to future developments. Warnings have appeared that too much in the way of good news cannot be expected but there is no doubt that further successes are being hoped for. Considerable sympathy has been expressed for the French in their present difficulties. The struggle in the Pacific has not caused much comment, possibly owing to the time-lag in the appearance of news from that quarter. All round, feelings of confidence are beginning to reassert themselves.

Meetings were held under the auspices of the National War Front at the various places on November 22^nd in which the significance of Allied successes in North Africa were explained and prayers were offered for the ultimate victory of the Allies. The Assistant Organizer, National War Front, toured Sukkur, Larkana and Dadu districts in company with the Honorable Minister, Education Department, and organized meeting in support of the Front. The Hyderabad Publicity Van, which is fitted up with 35mm. film projector apparatus, showed a number of Film Advisory Board films and proved a great attraction.[No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the second half of November 1942, 4^th December, 1942.]

25^th November 1942: Poet Abdul Ghafoor ‘Aid’ is born at Mir Hassan. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

30 November 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 70 Hurs(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 726((Under Defense of India Rules-129)

(b)   Prosecution: 16 (Indian Penal Code) , 27( special Laws), 10(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 6(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-9), 9(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 9(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-81), Total is 45.

(c)    Convicted: 134 (Under Martial Law Regulation), 36( Indian Penal Code), 11(Under Defense of India Rules-52).

 

1^st December 1942: for taking part in civil disobedience movement 134 congress workers are awarded imprisonment under various laws, 9 persons are awarded imprisonment under Indian Penal code and 75 under defense of India Rules their total 218. Whereas 85 workers are detained their particulars are 76 under section 26 of defense of India rule and 9 under other laws.[Gul Hayat Collection]

 

3^rd December 1942: Congress leaders and workers arrested during ‘Quit India Movement’ are released in Sindh. [Gul Hayat Collection]

 

 5^th December 1942: H. Dow the Governor of Sind writes to Viceroy and Governor General of India to apprising the political, social and administrative conditions. He compares the state of political party in Sindh with that of England about the end of reign of George I and said that “Fluid Element” or also in Sind Politics to him there are in Sind hardly any party are  personal loyalities strong enough to withstand the temptation rupees 1500 or even Rs. 500 a month. D.O. No: 414/F.R.]

 

3^rd – 10^th December 1942: As stated in my last report, the Congress movement is in reality dead but attempts are being made to keep the body from decent burial. Incidents such as the explosion of cracker bombs in two of the Karachi colleges a similar incident in Sukkur, causing no damage in any case, and the partial burning of the contents of two letters boxes in Karachi have occurred. Attempts at speeches, parbhat pheries, and the circulation of bulletins also persist but they seem more for forms sake than anything else. The colleges and schools on the whole are functioning well and there is evidence that a fair number of the students in jail wish to be released in order to continue their studies. The local Cotton, Grain, Cloth and Seeds markets remained closed on the 3^rd and 10^th of the month for political reasons and the Indian Merchants’ Association, the Cotton Association, the New Cloth Market and other similar bodies have resolved to close on the 9^th of each month in future. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of December 1942, 18^thDecember, 1942.]

10^th December 1942: PoetMuhammad Talib Soomro his last breathes at Tando Ali Sher. [Gul Hayat Collection].

12^th December 1942: Religious Scholar, poet, Journalist & Freedom Fighter Hakim faith Muhammad Sehwani breathes his last at Karachi.[ Gul Hayat Collection]

First half of December Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: As a whole the Press does justice to the objective side of the war news but when the various papers have published the contents of the telegrams and communiqués they are more or less finished. Some comment they do make but it is very mixed.

Such pronunciations as the speech made by the Prime Minister by Lord Cranbourne, etc. are eagerly scrutinized and generally deplored as revealing no change in British Imperialism or in the policy of Great Britain towards India. A paper such as the “Sind Observer” might almost be disappointed if such a change became evident. Similarly with speeches made by Mr. Wendell Willkie in America – all such utterances are closely examined for references to India.
Sir William Beveridge’s social reforms scheme also received attention and one paper said it was clear that the Indian Empire would have to continue to be plundered to pay for social reforms in the United Kingdom. The Jam Sahibs’s addressed to the East India Association was generally regards as showing greater regard for the rights of the princes than for liberties of their subjects. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of December 1942, 18^thDecember, 1942.]

 

In the First half of December the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “Recent events and the evidence of the continued pressure being exerted by the Allied Forces have created a strong feeling of confidence throughout the province and the view is now widely hold, although grudgingly in some quarters, that there is no question as to the ultimate outcome of the war. In fact, over confidence is now likely to be dangerous. But while this is so, domestic matters such as the scarcity and high prices of the ordinary necessities of life and the blatant profiteering going on are much more the concern of the ordinary individual than progress of the war. The man in street possibly because he does not give full credit for the many difficulties inherent in the problem of food and price control in a country such as India, is plainly of the opinion that the whole business of control has been made a complete mess of. He is being continually subjected to assurances that all is well but fact remains that he cannot get his supplies at what he considers to be a reasonable price.
The premiere the Honorable Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, has now assumed the leadership of the Front and has begun a tour in the Karachi District in order to give further stimulus to the movement. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the First half of December 1942, 18^thDecember, 1942.]

Second half of December Sindh Govt. In its fortnightly report throws light on the road of press as follow: The attitude of the Press towards the war remains the same, news of it is given adequate presentations but other matters are the main concern. Such subjects as the address of His Excellency the Viceroy to the Associated Chamber of Commerce the Sapru Conference, the Pakistan movement and the like provide the chief topics for discussion and for the continual repetition of the old threadbare arguments, the principal one being that the British Government is solely responsible for the lack of unity among Indians. This argument if it were not so tragic would be comic.
The orders barning the publication of reference to the fast of Professor Bhansali has evoked considerable resentment and the local papers blacked out the Honors Lists and have decided to close down for the 6^th.
The food and fuel shortage and what is described as the price control middle continues to receive much attention.

The death of Sir Sikander Hayat Khan has been universally mourned. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^thJanuary, 1943.]

In the Second half of December the position of the war as reported in Sindh Governments correspondence is told that “The feeling of confidence in the outcome of the war, referred to in my last report, is now stronger than ever owing to the remarkable successes achieved by the Russian Armies and the progress of the war generally. That the end of the struggle with the Axis powers is now in sight as a view very often expressed. Apart from some query whether the Japanese air-raids on Calcutta have been fully reported, the raids themselves have not evoked a great deal of comment and such as has been made has been in no way objectionable. People are still far more concerned with soaring prices and the difficulty experienced in securing the common necessities of life than in either the war or the political situation. [No. P.25 H(S)/42, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^th January, 1943.]

In the Second half of December The secret fortnightly report of the govt of the sind throw light on the law and order situation as follow: There has been somewhat of recrudescence crime by Hurs and twelve cases of dacoity and murder occurred during the fortnight. These resulted in death of eight persons and in the theft of considerable property. 
The Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh held a number of parades in Hyderabad and in consequences four of the leaders were arrested and brought before the Martial Law Authorities. They were admonished and released on an undertaking not to indulge in such activity for the period of the war. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^thJanuary, 1943.]

Second half of December 1942 There is little to report. Congress bulletins continue to be circulated through on a reduced scale, some containing poisonous anti-British propaganda based on Axis broadcasts. There was a salt making demonstration by some Karachi Congressites when an attempt was med to prepare salt from sea water. Such ‘parbha pherries’ and processions as have been attempted have been very poorly attended. [No. P.25 H(S)/41, HOME DEPARTMENT (SPECIAL), SIND Secretariat, Karachi, Report for the Second half of December 1942, 6^thJanuary, 1943.]

29^th December 1942: “Sansaar Samachar” (Sindhi daily of Karachi) is warned for publishing news regarding the fast of Professor Bhansali. [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th December 1942: PoetMuhammad Bux ‘Niaz’ is born. [Gul Hayat Collection]

30^th December 1942:“Daily Sind News” (Sindhi daily of Hyderabad, Sind) is warned for publishing allegations against the military near Tando Jam District Hyderabad. [Gul Hayat Collection]

31 December 1942: The details of persons detained, prosecuted and convicted for political and anti-war activities are:

(a)    Detained: 78 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-26), 729 Hurs (Under Defense of India Rules-129), 80(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 9(other laws).

(b)   Prosecution: 66(Special Rule), 7(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 7(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 16(Under Defense of India Rules-9), 5(Under Defense of India Rules-26), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-34), 13(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-39), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-46), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 15(Under Defense of India Rules-81), 22(Under Defense of India Rules-89), 7(Under Defense of India Rules-129).

(c)    Conviction: 42(Special Rules), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-6), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-8), 17(Under Defense of India Rules-9), 2 (Under Defense of India Rules- 26), 3(Under Defense of India Rules-38), 2(Under Defense of India Rules-45), 11(Under Defense of India Rules-52), 8(Under Defense of India Rules-81) and 7(Under Defense of India Rules-129), 5(martial Law Regulations).

{aridoc engine=”pdfjs” width=”570″ height=”600″}images/Doc/jo_kayou_mulaio_moon.pdf{/aridoc}

ٻارن لاءِ ۽ يارن لاءِ

ڪهاڻيون ٻارن لاءِ ۽ يارن لاءِ

فهرست

ٻارن لاءِ

1. ماضيءَ جي مزار
2. دردن جو دارون
3. ڇيلڙي وارو شهزادو
4. ڇانو بنا وڻ

يارن لاءِ

1. ايڪ ڏون چار
2. لڙڪن وارون اکيون
3. چم پرين

ماضيءَ جي مزار

پيارا ٻارو ! ڌرتيءَ جو گولو ته هڪڙو آهي ، پر ان تي ڪيتريون ئي قومون رهن ٿيون . جيڪي پنهنجي پنهنجي تهذيب ۽ تمدن جي آڌار تي پنهنجا خاص ملڪ وسائن ٿيون . هر هڪ قوم کي پنهنجون ريتون ۽ رسمون ، ۽ پنهنجا عقيدا ۽ حوصلا ٿين ٿا . انسان ته مڙئي هڪجهڙا ٿين ٿا ، پر رسمون ۽ رواج ، عقيدا ۽ اصول ، تهذيب ۽ تمدن انهن کي الڳ الڳ قوم بڻائن ٿا .

ڳالهه ٿا ڪن ته ڪنهن زماني ۾ هڪ ملڪ ۾ اهڙي قوم رهندي هئي ، جنهن کي پنهنجي حڪومت هلائڻ جو هڪ عجيب و غريب ڍنگ هوندو هو . قوم جو ڪو به خاندان حڪومت ڪو نه هلائيندو هو . ليڪن قوم مان هڪ ڀلي ۽ ذهين ماڻهوءَ کي ملڪ جي واڳ سونپي ويندي هئي . جيڪو حڪومت يا ملڪ کي پنهنجي جاگير يا ورثو نه سمجهندو هو . پر ڌرتيءَ واسين جي خدمت ڪندو هو . جڏهن کيس احساس ٿيندو هو ته هو ملڪ جو انتظام ماڻهن جي خواهش مطابق نه ٿو هلائي سگهي ، يا سندس ڄمار وڏي ٿي وئي آهي ته پوءِ هو نئين حڪمران تلاش ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو هو .

چون ٿا ته انهيءَ ملڪ جي حڪمران کي اچي خيال ٿيو ته هاڻي حڪومت جي گدي نئين نسل جي حوالي ڪجي ، ته جيئن اهو نئين تقاضائن مطابق قومي ڪاروبار هلائي سگهي . سو هن پنهنجي وزيرن اميرن کي هدايتون ڏئي ڇڏيون ته جلد از جلد هڪ عام درٻار جو بندوبست ڪيو وڃي، جيئن نئين حڪمران جي چونڊ ٿي سگهي.

حاڪم جي حڪم جي تعميل ڪئي وئي ، هڪ عام درٻار جو بندوبست ڪيو ويو . جتي ملڪ جي ڪنڊ ڪڙڇ مان ماڻهو اچي حاضر ٿيا . رسم ۽ رواج مطابق حڪمران کي پهرين ڏينهن عوام جي اڳيان هڪ سوال پيش ڪرڻو پوندو هو ، ۽ ان کان پوءِ ماڻهن کي موقعو ڏنو ويندو هو ته هو هڪ هڪ سوال تي پنهنجي ذهانت جو ثبوت ڏين ۽ جو خوشنصيب انهيءَ سوال جو پورو پورو جواب ڏيندو هو ،ان کي حڪومت جي واڳ سونپي ويندي هئي.  انهيءَ رسم مطابق وقت جي حڪمران هن ريت پنهنجو سوال پيش ڪيو :

پيارا وطن واسيو ! هي انهيءَ وقت جي ڳالهه آهي ، جڏهن آءٌ ننڍو هوس . عيد جو ڏينهن هو ، رواج مطابق بابو سائين پنهنجي وڏن جي قبرن تي قل پڙهڻ لاءِ قبرستان وڃي رهيو هو . مون به ساڻس گڏجي وڃڻ لاءِ ضد ڪيو . گهر جي سمورن ڀاتين ڪوشش ڪئي ته جيئن آءٌ قبرستان نه وڃان . ڇو ته آءٌ ننڍو هئس . ۽ سندن خيال مطابق مقام ڏانهن وڃڻ ڪري ، مون تي جنن ڀوتن جو پاڇو پئجي ٿي سگهيو. انهيءَ ڪري ڪنهن خرچي ٿي ڏني ته ڪنهن نون ڪپڙن وٺي ڏيڻ جا دلاسا پئي ڏنا . ڪنهن ٿي چيو ته هلي ٿا ملاکڙو ڏسون . هنن ڪيتريون ئي لٺيون چٺيون ڏيکاريون پر ورين ڪي ڪو نه . ڇو ته جا ڪوريءَ جي من ۾ اُڻي به اها ، سو آءٌ به اڙي هڻي بيهي رهيس . انهيءَ ڪري لاچار ٿي سڀني چيو ته ڇڏيو منڊي کي واريءَ ۾ ته ڪل پويس . مون گد گد ٿيندي پنهنجي چولي سان اکين مان وهندڙ ڳوڙها اگهي کڻي بابي جي چيچ پڪڙي . پوءِ ٿياسين روانا قبرستان ڏي .

آئون پنهنجي زندگيءَ ۾ پهريون ڀيرو مقام  ڏانهن وڃي رهيو هئس . مون کي ڪا به خبر نه هئي ته مقام ڇا ٿيندو آهي ؟ اسان کان سواءِ ٻيا به ڪيترائي ماڻهو مقام ڏانهن وڃي رهيا هئا . انهن مان ڪيترن کي هٿن ۾ گلن جا هار هئا . مون ائين سمجهيو هو ته اهي جڏهن مري ويل مائٽن سان ملندا ته سندن ڳچيءَ ۾ هار پارائيندا، ڇو ته هن کان اڳ حج کان موٽي آيل حاجين جي ڳچيءَ ۾ هار پوندا ڏٺا هيم، ۽ مري ويلن لاءِ اهو خيال هو ته جيڪي ماڻهو مري ويندا آهن ، تن کي ڌڻي تعاليٰ پاڻ ڏانهن گهرائي وٺندو آهي ، ۽ اهي عيدن براتن تي ڌڻي تعاليٰ کان موڪل وٺي مقام ۾ اچي پنهنجي مائٽن سان ملندا آهن .

بابي جي هٿن ۾ گل نه هئا . هونءَ به احساس هيم ته منهنجي اچڻ تي پاڻ خوش نه هئا ، ان ڪري مٺي به ماٺ ۽ مٺي به ماٺ ڄاڻي ساڻن هلڻ لڳس ۽ کانئس انهيءَ پڇڻ جو خيال لاهي ڇڏيم ته اسان گلن جا هار ڇو نه کنيا آهن .

            اسان مختلف قبرن تان ٿيندا اچي هڪ قبر جي مٿان بيٺاسين . بابي انهيءَ قبر جي سيرانديءَ کان بيهي ڪجهه پڙهيو. آءٌ انهيءَ سوچ ۾ ٻڏي ويس ته هن قبر مان اول ڪير نڪرندو ، ۽ کيس سڃاڻي به سگهندس يا نه ؟ آءٌ اڃا انهيءَ انتظار ۾  هئس ته بابي دعا گهري ۽ مون کي پنهنجي پويان هلڻ جو اشارو ڪيو . بابي جو غصو اڃا منهنجي ذهن تي چٽِل هو . ان ڪري مون کانئس مري ويل جي نه موٽي اچڻ بابت ڪجهه به نه پڇيو . اسان ٻي قبر جي مٿان وڃي بيٺا سين ته بابي پاڻ ٻڌايو ته اها منهنجي ڏاڏي جي قبر هئي ۽ پهرين تربت مامي جي هئي . هن قبر تي به مون انتظار ڪيو، ليڪن اتان به ڏاڏو ڪو نه اٿيو . پوءِ  ٻين ماڻهن کي به ڏٺم ته اهي به اسان وانگر رڳو دعا گهرندا پيا وڃن . هن هيڏي ساري قبرستان مان ڪو به ڪونه پيو اٿي . تڏهن ياد پيم ته هڪ دفعي امڙ ٻڌايوهو ته مري ويلن جا روح اسان کي ڏسي سگهندا آهن ، ليڪن اسان کين ڪو نه ڏسي سگهندا آهيون . پوءِ ڪنهن به قبر ڦاٽڻ يا مڙدن جي ٻاهر نڪر ڻ جو خيال لاهي  ڇڏيم . ٻن ٽن قبرن تي فاتح پڙهڻ کان پوءِ اسان هڪ مقبري ۾ داخل ٿيا سين. مقبرو نهايت شاندار ٺهيل هو . ياد ٿو پوي ته ان ۾ گلن چٽيل نيريون سرون لڳل هيون ۽ ڀتين تي ڪجهه لکيل هو . ٻين قبرن جي ڀيٽ ۾ بابو اتي وڏي ادب ۽ احترام سان گوڏا ڀڃي ويهي رهيو ، ۽ آءٌ وري شاندار مزار کي ڏسڻ لڳس . مزار تي رنگ برنگي ڪپڙا پيل هئا ، انهيءَ جي چوڌاري ڪاٺيءَ جو ڪٽهڙو ٺهيل هو . انهيءَ مزار تي دعا گهرڻ کان پوءِ اسان ڪنهن به ٻيءَ قبر تي نه ويا سون ۽ پوءِ قبرستان ڇڏي گهر ڏي موٽياسين .

           ڏاڏي سائينءَ جي قبر جيان بابي ٻين قبرن بابت ته ٻڌايو هو ، ليڪن هن مزار متعلق ڪا ٻاڦ به ٻاهر نه ڪڍيائين . ان ڪري مون پاڻ کانئس انهيءَ شاندار قبر بابت پڇيو . جنهن تي بابي سائين ٻڌائڻ شروع ڪيو ته : ” پُٽ ! مون کي خبر نه آهي ته هيءَ قبر ڪنهن جي آهي ، ليڪن وڏن کان ٻڌندا پيا اچئون ته اها هڪ پهتل ٻانهي جي قبر آهي . انهيءَ پهتل ٻانهي لاءِ اسان ڪيتريون ڳالهيون ٻڌندا پيا اچئون . هڪڙا ماڻهو چون ٿا ته اهو فقير هڪ مالدار ماڻهو هو . وٽس ان ۽ ڌن جي ڪا به ڪمي ڪانه هئي . هڪ دفعي ڇا ٿيو ته ٻئي ڳوٺ وارن سان سندس جهيڙو ٿي پيو ، جنهن ۾ هن جو لکن جهڙو پُٽ مارجي ويو . سندس سون ورني پُٽ جي مارجي وڃڻ جو ٻڌي سڄي ڳوٺ خون جي پلاند وٺڻ جو پڪو پهه ڪيو . کين خبر پئي ته دشمنن جي ڳوٺ جي هڪ ڄڃ انهيءَ رات سندن ڳوٺ کان گذري رهي آهي . ان ڪري سڀني فيصلو ڪيو ته ڄڃ تي راتاهو هنيو وڃي . سڀئي متفق ٿيا. ۽ هر هڪ وڃي پنهنجيون ڪاتيون ڪهاڙيون تکيون ڪرڻ لڳو . هن فقير جي دل م اچي خيال ويٺو ته اجائي ڏاڍي خون ريزي ٿيندي . ان ڪري ڇا ڪيائين جو سج لهڻ سان گڏ دشمنن جي ڳوٺ هليو ويو ته جيئن ڄاڃين کي ڳوٺ جي منصوبي کان واقف ڪري :۽ کين رستي مٽ ڪرڻ جي صلاح ڏئي . چون ٿا ته هي جڏهن ڄاڃين وٽ پهتو ته ڳالهه ٻڌڻ کان اڳ کيس ماري وڌائون . ”پُٽ ! دشمنن سان چڱائي ڪرڻ يعني پنهنجي ڳچيءَ تي ڪهاڙو هڻڻ سو هن فقير سان به ائين ٿي پيو . چون ٿا ته ڳوٺ وارن کي جو اها خبر پئي ته انهيءَ وقت ئي کڻي چڙهائي ڪياوئون ۽ ڪيترن ئي دشمنن کي دسي وڌائون .“

            آءٌ وڏي دلچسپيءَ سان بابي سائينءَ جي اها ڳالهه ٻڌندو رهيس ۽ بابي وري ٻي ڳالهه شروع ڪئي :”ماڻهو هن شهيد لاءِ ٻي ڳالهه ٻڌائيندا آهن . گهڻن جو چوڻ آهي ته اهو ماڻهو عزت ۽ شهرت جو مالڪ هو . مهمان نواز به وري پنهنجي مٽ پاڻ هو . رحم دل به ڏاڍو هو . چون ٿا ته هڪ دفعي ڪنهن ملڪ ۾ اچي راڄ – ڊوهه ٿيو . ان ڪري ، ماڻهن ۾ اچي ڏڦيڙ پيو . ماڻهو اهڙا ته اچي مٽيا ، جو هڪ ٻئي جا ويري ٿي پيا . ڀلا لوڙهو جو چور ٿئي ته گهر کي ڪير بچائي ؟ سو اهي ماڻهو به سڀ ليڪا لنگهي ويا . هڪ ٻئي جي گهرن کي ساڙيائون ۽ بيگناهه شهرن اچي لابارو وڌائون . چوندا آهن ته  نه ظلم  نه ظلم ڪندڙ قائم ، سو جن جنگ جوٽي هئي ، تن کي اها ڳچي ۾ پئجي وئي . پوءِ اهي ڊوهي ماڻهو ملڪ ڇڏي ڀڄڻ لڳا . انهن ڀاڄوڪڙن جو هڪ قافلو اچي اسان جي ڳوٺ ٻاهرن ويٺو . انهيءَ وقت سندن حالتن ڏسڻ وٽان هئي . انگين اگهاڙا ۽ پيٽ بکيا ته سڀئي هئا . هنن نه رڳو عزت وڃائي هئي ، پر ڌن ۽ دولت تان به هٿ ڌوئي ويٺا هئا . سڀ کان وڏي ڳالهه ته پنهنجو اباڻو وطن ڇڏي آيا هئا . سندن اهڙي حال کي ڏسي شهيد فقير کي رحم آيو ، هن نه رڳو ديڳيون چاڙهي سندن ماني جهلي ، پر مٿي ڍڪڻ لاءِ پنهنجي ٻنين ۾ مَنهَن به ٺهرائي ڏنا . چوندا آهن ته آئي ٽانڊي ڪاڻ ٿي ويٺي بورچاڻي ، سو هنن به ائين ڪيو . کڻي فقير جي ٻنين تي قبضو ڪيائون . هيريءَ جي هير ٽنگ ڀڳي به نه لهي . سو انهن ڊوهي ڀاڄوڪڙن هتي به پير پختا ڪرڻ کان پوءِ رنگ ڏيکاريا .ائين جهيڙي جي شروعات ٿي جنهن ۾ فقير مارجي ويو .“

            ”آءٌ ڪن ڏئي بابي جي ڳالهه ٻڌندو رهيس تان جو گهر پهتاسين . انهيءَ ڏينهن کان پوءِ آءٌ انهيءَ قبر بابت ماڻهن کان پڇندو رهيس ، ڪنهن چيو هو ته ڀائر پاڻ ۾ وڙهيا هئا ۽ اهو فقير ڀائرن هٿان مارجي ويو هو ۽ ڪنهن ٻڌايو ته انهيءَ فقير کي ننڊ ۾ ئي موت اچي ويو هو . آءٌ اڄ ڏينهن تائين انهيءَ مزار کي نه ته وساري سگهيو آهيان ، ۽ نه وري ان جو راز معلوم ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو آهيان . اوهان مان به انهيءَ راز کي سليو ۽ کولي ٻڌايو ته پنهنجي گادي تنهنجي حوالي ڪندس ۽ اهو ئي اسان جو نئون حڪمران ٿيندو“ .

            حڪمران پنهنجي حڪايت ٻڌائي پوري ڪئي ، ۽ ان کان پوءِ ميڙ مان هڪ هڪ ماڻهو اٿندو ، پنهنجي لياقت ، ذهانت ۽ صلاحيت مطابق منجهيل سٽ کي کولڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو رهيو . ائين لڳاتار ٽي ڏينهن ۽ ٽي راتيون درٻار لڳي رهي ماڻهن جي مهمانيءَ ۽ رهائش جو جوڳو بندوبست ڪيو ويو هو . هڪڙيون ديڳيون لهن پيون ته ٻيون چڙهن پيون . هيڏي ساري ميدان ۾ تنبن جون ڪيتريون ئي قطارون لڳل هيون، ائين پيو لڳي ڄڻ ڪو نئون شهر اڏيو ويو آهي . مطلب ته سڀني جي سک جو خيال رکيو ويو هو . ڪنهن کي به ڪو ڏک ڪو نه هو . اگر ڪو ئي دکي هو ته حڪمران ڇو ته ٽن ڏينهن ٽن راتين گذرڻ کان پوءِ به کيس سوال جو جوڳو جواب نه ڏنو ويوهو . انهيءَ ڪري هو ڏاڍو غمگين ٿي ويو ۽ اوندهي منجي ڪري اتي ئي ويهي رهيو . اميرن ۽ وزيرن وڏا وس هلايا ته من حاڪم جو من ٻيءَ پوي ، ليڪن تريءَ تيل لڳو ئي ڪو نه . هيڏي حشمت وارو حاڪم ويرم ۾ مايوس ۽ ملول ٿي ويو . اکين مان آب جاري ٿي ويس . بيقراري ۽ بيچيني بي پاڙي وڻ جيان وڪوڙي ويس . ٻارڙن وانگي روئيندي وڏي وزير کي چيائين :”افسوس جو اسان جي ملڪ ۾ عقلمند انسانن جو ڏڪر پئجي ويو آهي . مون ته سرحدن جا پهرا هٽائي انسانن جي ذهنن تي هڻائي ڪو نه ڇڏيا هيم . ويتر انسانن جي ذهنن تان پهرا کڻائي وطن جي سرحدن تي هڻائي ڇڏيا هئم . مون ماڻهن جي زبان ، دل ۽ دماغ تي تالا ڪو نه هنيا هئا نه ڪوئي کائڻ ، سوچڻ ، لوچڻ ۽ چوڻ جي سگهه کسي هيم ، پوءِ ڇو منهنجي ملڪ جا ماڻهو چپ ٿي ويا آهن ، مون کي پنهنجي سوال جو جواب ڇو نه ٿو ملي ؟ “ امير۽ وزيرحيران ۽ پريشان ٿي ويا ۽ لڄ وچان سندن ڪنڌ جهڪي ويا ڄڻ ڪنهن سندن زبان تي مهر هڻي ڇڏي هجي . ائين گهڙي پلڪ ۾ درٻار جي رونق ئي بدلجي وئي . جتي ٽي ڏينهن اڳ خوشيون ۽ شادمانيون هيون اتي هاڻي مايوسي هئي . ائين ٿي لڳو ڄڻ بهار ڏسندي ڏسندي خزان ۾ تبديل ٿي چڪو هجي . آخر ڪار حاڪم پنهنجو فيصلو ٻڌايو ته آءٌ انهيءَ وقت تائين اوندهي منجي نه ڇڏيندس جيستائين منهنجي من جي مراد پوري نه ٿيندي . وزيرن، اميرن  مٿا ملائي ويهي فيصلوڪيو ته ملڪ جي چئني طرف ماڻهو ڊوڙايا وڃن، جيڪي حاڪم جو هي سوال وڃي عوام اڳيان پيش ڪن . بس فيصلي ۽ حڪم جي ويرم هئي . هر هڪ وستي ۽ واهڻ ، ڳوٺ ۽ شهر ڏانهن ماڻهو موڪليا ويا . حاڪم ۽ ان جا وزير ۽ امير انتظار ۽ اوسيئڙي ۾ ويهي رهيا .

            سج لڙي ويو ، شام ٿي وئي ، ڏيئا ٻري ويا . ليڪن اميدن جو چراغ ڪنهن به ٻرندي نه ڏٺو . انهيءَ حالت ۾ سڄي درٻار ويٺي هئي ته اوچتو ڀير تي ڏونڪو لڳو ، حاڪم جي اکين ۾ جوت اچي وئي ، هو خوشيءَ وچان ٻهڪي پيو . درٻار جي رونق ئي بدلجي وئي ، اجڙيل آستان ۾ وري زندگيءَ جي لهر ڊوڙي آئي .

            حاڪم حڪم ڪيو ته ڀير تي ڏوڪو هڻندڙ کي هڪدم ادب ۽ احترام سان آندو وڃي ، اميرن ۽ وزيرن جو ن صفون سڌيون ٿي ويون جو جتي هيو اتي ئي ادب ۽ احترام سان اٿي بيهي رهيو . ماڻهن جي هجوم مان هڪ شخص نهايت حليمائي ، صبر ۽ تحمل سان اڳتي وڌندو رهيو . سندس لباس مان ائين پئي لڳو ته هو ڪو غريب ماڻهو هيو . پيرن ۾ ڦاٽل جتي ۽ مٿي تي پراڻي ٽوپي . اکيون ويڪريون ۽ جسم ۾ جانٺو جوان . مطلب ته سونهن ۽ سادگيءَ جو مجسمو پئي لڳو . حاڪم تخت ڇڏي هيٺ لهي وڌي اچي آڌر ڀاءُ ڪيس . حاڪم کلي کيس ڀاڪر پاتو . ائين پئي لڳو ڄڻ ڪي وڇڙيا ڀائر مليا هجن . حاڪم ته اهڙو گد گد پئي ٿيو ، ڄڻ کيس نئون جنم مليو هجي .

            حاڪم وڃي تخت تي ويٺو ۽ غريب شخص مٿيري جاءِ تي بيهي حاڪم جي حڪم جو انتظار ڪرڻ لڳو . حاڪم بيچين ٿيندي غريب شخص کي چيو ته :”اي عقلمند انسان ! ٻڌاءِ ته تون اسان جي درد کي ڄاڻين ٿو ؟ جو سوال مون پوريءَ قوم جي اڳيان پيش ڪيو آهي ، ڇا تون ان جو جواب ڏئي سگهندين ؟“

            انهيءَ تي غريب شخص وراڻيو ته :”اي خير خواهه ۽ قوم جا هڏ ڏوکي حاڪم ! تنهنجو ملڪ ڏاهن جو ڏيهه آهي . آءٌ ته انهن جي جتيءَ ۾ پير پائي نه ٿو سگهان . مون اوهان جو وڏو ڏوهه ڪيو آهي جو وقت سر اچي اوهان جي اڳيان حاضر نه ٿيس . ليڪن آءٌ  به ڇا ڪريان . مون ته اهو سوچي دير ڪيم ته ڀل مون کان ڪوئي وڌيڪ عقلمند ۽ اڪابر اچي اوهان جي سوال جو جواب ڏئي ۽ ملڪ جي واڳ سنڀالي . ليڪن اهو ڪڻو منهنجي ئي نالي نڪرڻو هو ، ان ڪري اڄ اچي حاضر ٿيو آهيان .

            منهنجا سائين ! اوهان نهايت عقلمندي ۽ دانشمنديءَ سان هڪ قبر جي تمثيل ۾ قومن جي تباهيءَ ۽ برباديءَ جا ڪارڻ ٻڌايا آهن . انهيءَ ۾ ڪو شڪ نه آهي ته اوهان ڏينهن رات هڪ ڪري ، رت ولوڙي ، ڇڙ وڇڙ قوم ۾ ايڪو ۽ الفت پيدا ڪئي ۽ ان کي قوم بڻايو اوهان جوخيال آهي ته اوهان کان پوءِ هن ملڪ جو ڪو اهڙو حاڪم مقرر ٿي جيڪو قوم جي ٻڌيءَ کي قائم رکي سگهي ، ۽ نئين حاڪم کي قومن جي تباهه ٿيڻ جي سببن جي ڀلي ڀت خبر هجي .

اوهان پنهنجي فلسفي کي هڪ ڪهاڻيءَ جي روپ ۾ پيش ڪيو آهي ، اوهان جو پيش ڪيل شهيد درويش هڪ قوم جو مثال رکي ٿو . اوهان انهيءَ جي مرڻ جا چار سبب ٻڌايا آهن ، جيڪي قومن جي تباهه ٿيڻ جا ڪارڻ آهن . اوهان جڏهن چئو پيا ته انهيءَ درويش کي ٻئي ڳوٺ وارن ماريو هو . ان جو مطلب هي آهي ته قوم جو خاتمو ڌارين جي حملي سان به ٿي سگهي ٿو . اوهان جڏهن ٻڌايوپياته درويش ڊوهي ۽ ڀاڄوڪڙ  ڌارين کي پناهه ڏني ، جن سندن خاتمو آندو ، تنهن جو مطلب هي آهي ته ڪا قوم جڏهن ڌارين ڊوهي ڀاڄوڪرن کي پناهه ڏيندي ته اها نيڪي نانگن پالڻ برابر ٿيندي ۽ اهي ڌاريا اڳتي هلي راڄ ڊوهه ڪري قوم کي تباهه ڪندا . اوهان جڏهن چئو پيا ته درويش کي ننڊ ۾ موت اچي ويو هو ته ان جو مطلب هي آهي ته ڪا قوم غفلت سبب به تباهه ٿي سگهي ٿي . اوهان جو ٻڌايو هو ته درويش کي پنهنجي ڀائرن ماريو هو ، ان جو مطلب هي آهي ته قوم پاڻ ۾ وڙهي به پنهنجي قوميت ، اتحاد ۽ وجود جو خاتمو آڻي سگهي ٿي .

غريب شخص جي اها وضاحت ٻڌي حاڪم مبارڪ مبارڪ جا لفظ ورجايا . ۽ سموري درٻار ۾ خوشيون ۽ شادميانيون ٿي ويون . حاڪم چيو ته :” بيشڪ مون کي اهو ئي غم هو ته مون کان پوءِ هن ملڪ جو حڪمران اهو ئي شخص ٿئي جو  قوم ۽ ملڪ جو اتحاد قائم رکي سگهي .  هاڻي منهنجي من جي مونجهه لٿي . تون ماضيءَ جي مزار جي مام ڄاڻي ثابت ڪيوآهي ته حڪومت تون ئي هلائي سگهين ٿو . ان ڪري جيئن صبح ٿيندو ، تيئن هن ملڪ تي تنهنجي ئي حڪمرانيءَ جو سج چمڪڻ لڳندو  .“

           

 

دردن جو دارون

           

پيارا ٻارو! ڳالهه ٿا ڪن ته ڪوهه قاف جي هڪ ولايت ۾ ديون جي رياست هوندي هئي ، جنهن تي بڙم باڪاس نالي هڪ ديو راڄ هلائيندو هو . بڙم باڪاس ڪيترو وقت امن ۽ امان سان حڪومت هلائي، پر پوءِ اچي سندن ملڪ ۾ ڏڦيڙ پيو . پر ماريت ڏينهون ڏينهن زور وٺندي وئي ۽ غريبن تي ڏکن جا ڏونگر ڪرڻ لڳا . سڄو ڏينهن رت ولوڙڻ بعد به ماڻهو ايترو ڪمائي نه سگهندا هئا، جو رات جو ويلو پيٽ ڀري کائي سگهن . اهڙين حالتن ۾ چوريون ۽ فساد ، دنگل ۽ جهيڙا روزمره جو معمول ٿي پيو . ايمانداري ۽ محنت کي ملڪ جا ماڻهو کوٽا ڏوڪڙ سمجهڻ لڳا . سندن ويساهه هرشئي مان نڪري وڃي ٺڳيءَ ۽ بي ايمانيءَ ۾ ٽڪ ٻڌي بيٺو  . سڄو ملڪ ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ويو . هڪڙا هئا امير جن وٽ دولت جا ڍير لڳي ويا ، ۽ ٻيا هئا غريب جيڪي ڪاري پائيءَ لاءِ سڪندا هئا .

            انهيءَ ملڪ ۾ جڏهن به اهڙيون حالتون پيدا ٿينديون هيون . ته انهن جو اثر وري بادشاهه تي پوندو هو . پهريون ته بادشاهه جو ڪو نه ڪو عضوو کري پوندو هو . جيڪڏهن حالتون سڌري پونديون هيون ته پوءِ ڦڪيون به فرق ڪنديون هيون ، ورنه بادشاهه آهستي آهستي پنڊ پاهڻ ٿيندو ويندو هو . تان جو پوءِ ان کي کڻي وڃي کوهه ۾ اڇلائيندا هئا ۽ وري نئين بادشاهه کي تخت تي ويهاريندا هئا .

            بڙم باڪاس به ڪجهه لاپرواهي ڏيکاري ۽ ملڪ جي سڌاري جو خيال لاهي ويٺو . نتيجو اهو نڪتو جو حالتون خراب ٿيڻ لڳيون ۽ کيس به ڏکيا ڏينهن ڏسڻا پيا . ٿيو ائين جو هن جي هڪ اک پٿر ٿي پئي ۽ ڪنن کان ٻوڙو ٿي پيو . پنهنجي هيءَ حالت ڏسي بادشاهه بڙم باڪاس ڏاڍو حيران ۽ پريشان ٿيو . پر هٿ جي وڍيءَ جو ڪهڙو ويڄ ڪهڙو طبيب . هن ڊٺي جو ڊڀُ ٿئي به ڪيئن ؟ ڪيترائي ويڄ گهرايائين پر وريس ڪجهه به ڪين . نيٺ هن پنهنجي وزيرن اميرن کي گهرائي حال اوريو . جنهن تي سڀني اميرن ، وزيرن ۽ مشيرن گڏجي فيصلو ڪيو ته درٻاري نجومي گهرائي ٽپڻو ڪڍرائجي . بس رڳو حڪم جي دير هئي ۽ درٻاري نجومي اچي حاضر ٿيو . نجوميءَ ڍارو هڻي ويهي حساب ڪيو . سڄي درٻار کيس تڪي رهي هئي ڇو ته هو ئي سندن اميد جو آخري ڪرڻو هئو. ڪجهه وقت کان پوءِ نجومي ڪنڌ مٿي کنيو ۽ بادشاهه کي جهڪي مبارڪ ڏنائين . سڄي درٻار م خوشي ڊوڙي آئي  ۽ چئني طرفن کان مبارڪ مبارڪ جا آواز بلند ٿيڻ لڳا . تنهن تي درٻاري نجوميءَ هٿ مٿي ڪري سڀني جو ٿورو مڃيو . بڙم باڪاس بادشاهه بي صبرو ٿيندي پنهنجي نجوميءَ کان پڇيو . ته : ” اي سڀاڳا نجومي ! ڪر خبر، اسان جي درد جو دارون ڪٿي آهي؟ اسان جو علاج ڪيئن ٿيندو ؟“ بادشاهه ته ڪنن کان ٻوڙو هو . ان ڪري نجومي وڏي آواز ۾  جواب ڏيندو ويو ، ۽ وڏو وزير اهو سڀ ڪجهه لکندو بادشاهه کي ڏيکاريندو ويو . درٻاري نجومي ڪجهه هنئين چيو ته :”بادشاهه سلامت هن خادم سالن جا سال اوهان جو نمڪ کاڌو آهي . خدا جو شڪر جو سڄي ڄمار ۾ اڄ مون کي حضور جن جي خدمت ڪرڻ جو موقعو مليو آهي . منهنجو حساب ٻڌائي ٿو ته سرڪار جو ستارو هن وقت گردش ۾ آهي ۽ انهيءَ کي تدبير سان پنهنجي منزل ۽ ماڳ آڻي سگهجي ٿو . ڪوهه ڪاف جي هن طرف انسانن جي هڪ ولايت آهي . اها ولايت دنيا جي پراڻي ۽ قديم رياست آهي . انهيءَ جو نالو اسم اعظم جي حيثيت رکي ٿو . جيڪڏهن اهو ٽي دفعا پڙهي بادشاهه تي ڇوڪاريو ويندو ته اسان جو مهربان بادشاهه خوش ٿي ويندو . انهيءَ ملڪ ۾ هڪ شخص ٿي گذريو آهي ، جنهن پنهنجي ملڪ کي هڪ نظام ڏيڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي هئي . اهو نظام جيڪڏهن هن ملڪ سان لاڳو ڪيو ويندو ته هتي ڪڏهن به بد امني پيدا نه ٿيندي  . ڪو به ڪنهن تي ظلم نه ڪندو ۽ ڪڏهن به ذات پات ۽ رنگ نسل جهڙيون وبائون منهن نه ڪڍنديون ۽ هر هڪ سکي ٿي پوندو  ۽ امير توڙي فقير جو فرق ميٽجي ويندو .“

            نجوميءَ جي تقرير ٻڌي سڄي درٻار سرهي ٿي وئي . ان وقت بڙم باڪاس جو فرزند ارجمند اڳتي وڌي آيو  ۽ بادشاهه کي جهڪي عرض ڪيائين ته :”جيئندا قبلا ! آءٌ ته آسمان مان ستارا لاهي اچڻ لاءِ تيار ويٺو هوس ، پر نجومي ته تريءَ تي بهشت ڪري ڏيکاريو آهي . مون کي اجازت ڏيو ته آئون انسانن جي انهيءَ ولايت ۾ وڃي اسم اعظم به هٿ ڪري اچان ۽ ملڪ لاءِ نئون نظام به سکي اچان .“ بادشاهه پنهنجي پُٽ جو اهو جذبو ڏسي خوش ته ڏاڍو ٿيو ، پر کيس اجازت ڏيڻ کان انڪار ڪري ويٺو . چوڻ لڳو ته :”آئون هينئر قبر جي ڪنڌيءَ تي ويٺو آهيان . تون اکين آڏو آهين ته دل کي آٿت ٿو مليم . جيڪڏهن تون هن حال ۾ ڇڏي ويندين ته جيئڻ جنجال ٿي پوندم .“ پيءُ جو اهو رايو ٻڌي شهزادي دل نه هاري . ويتر اڳتي وڌي چوڻ لڳو :”بابا سائين جنهن ملڪ جا والدين پنهنجي پُٽن تي آرو ڪري ويهندا آهن ، اهو ملڪ نه ته آزاد رهي سگهندو ۽ نه وري سکيو ستابو ٿي سگهندو . مون لاءِ هڪ طرف آهيو اوهان ، ۽ ٻئي طرف آهي ملڪ جو آئيندو . ابي ۽ ملڪ مٿان ڏکيا ڏينهن اچن ۽ آئون چپ ڪري ويهان . ائين ڪڏهن به نه ٿيندو .“ شهزادي جي حوصلي کي ڏسي نيٺ بادشاهه کي ڳالهه مڃڻي پئي .

             بادشاهه بڙم باڪاس جو پُٽ حسن راڪاس مٽن مائٽن کان موڪلائي ، خزاني مان خچر ڀرائي اچي درٻاري نجوميءَ جي گهر پهتو . درٻاري نجوميءَ شهزادي کي پنهنجي گهر ۾ ڏسي ڏاڍو خوش ٿيو ۽ چوڻ لڳو :”اي شهزادا حسن راڪاس! جيڪڏهن آئون هن وقت جهور ۽ جڏو نه هجان ها ته اوس ئي توسان گڏجي هلي ڏک سک ۾ ساٿ ڏيان ها . ليڪن انهيءَ ڳالهه تي خوش آهيان جو قسمت تنهنجي ساٿ آهي ۽ توکي ڪٿي به ڏک ڏسڻو نه پوندو .“ شهزادي حسن راڪاس نجوميءَ جي نيڪ نيتيءَ جا ڳڻ ڳائيندي چيو ته :”اي نمڪ خوار نجومي ! مون کي رڳو گهربل هدايتون ڏي . باقي تنهنجون دعائون ئي مون لاءِ ڪافي آهن . ڌڻيءَ گهريو ته ڪامياب ۽ ڪامران ٿي واپس ورندس .“ نجومي شهزادي کي هدايتون ڏيڻ ئي مس ويٺو ته سندس سندر ۽ سلڇڻي ڌيءَ جل پريءَ شربت جا جام ڀري اچي سندن اڳيان رکيا. شهزادي حسن راڪاس ۽ جل پريءَ هڪ ٻئي کي ڏٺو  ۽ ڏسندا ئي رهجي ويا . محبت جي ميک هڪ ئي وقت تي ٻنهي جي من ۾ لڳي وئي . عشق جي آڳ ٻنهي کي ساڙي وڌو . ليڪن عشق جي به ارڏائي ڏسو جو کين ملائي ٿو جدا ٿيڻ لاءِ . هڪڙي کي پرديس وڃڻ لاءِ سانباها ڪرڻا پيا ، ۽ ٻئي کي ويهي انهيءَ جي موٽي اچڻ جو انتظار ڪرڻو پيو . خون ۽ خستوري ته لڪائي سگهجن ٿا ، پر محبت جو مانڊاڻ ڪير لڪائي . سياڻو نجومي هيءَ حقيقت سمجهي ويو ۽ شهزادي کي چوڻ لڳو ته :”اي شهزادا ! جيتوڻيڪ جل پريءَ تي ڪنهن پکي پکڻ جو به پاڇو پوڻ ڪو نه ڏنو اٿم ، پر اڄ اوهان ٻنهي جو هيءُ حال ڏسي ، ٻن دلين کي هڪ ٻئي کان جدا ڪرڻ نه ٿو گهران . اي شهزادا ! جل پري تنهنجي امانت آهي ، ۽ تون جڏهن خير صلح سان ولايت مان موٽي آئين ته توهان ٻنهي جا پلوَ ٻڌئي ڇڏبا .“ نجوميءَ جو اهڙو راضپو ڏسي شهزادو حسن راڪاس سندس پيرن تي ڪري پيو ۽ جل پري شرم ۽ حيا وچان اندر ڀڄي وئي . پوءِ نجوميءَ ويهي شهزادي کي هدايتون ڏنيون . نجوميءَ حسن راڪاس شهزادي کي نئين ولايت جا پار پتا ڏنا ۽ کيس ڪجهه انهيءَ جا اهڃاڻ به ٻڌايا . هن شهزادي کي ٻڌايو ته جتي به سفر دوران توکي هڪ ئي وقت ٽي ماڻهو ملن ته خيال رکجانءِ . اها ئي تنهنجي پهرين منزل هوندي . انهن ٽنهي ماڻهن کان ڪيئن به ڪري سندن ڌنڌا معلوم ڪجانءِ . ۽ پوءِ اهي جيڪي ڌنڌا ٻڌائن ته سندن ڌنڌن جي لفظن جا پهريان حرف ملائڻ سان سندن ملڪ جو نالو ٺهي پوندو . جيڪڏهن اهو نالو واقعي انهيءَ ملڪ جي نالي سان ٺهڪي اچي ته پوءِ پڪ ڄاڻجانءِ ته توکي پنهنجي مطلب ۾ ڪاميابي حاصل ٿيندي، ۽ اهو ئي نالو تنهنجي والد لاءِ اسم اعظم ٿي ڪم ايندو . پوءِ تون انهن ٽنهي ماڻهن کان نالا معلوم ڪجانءِ . انهن ٽنهي ماڻهن جي نالن کي ملائڻ سان هڪ نئون نالو ٺهي پوندو. پوءِ انهيءَ نالي واري ماڻهوءَ جي تلاش ڪجانءِ  ، ۽ ڏسجانءِ ته انهيءَ پنهنجي ملڪ کي ڪهڙي نظام ڏيڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي هئي . اهو ئي نظام آهي ، جيڪڏهن هن ملڪ ۾ رائج ڪيو ويندو ته ڪڏهن به بد امني پيدا نه ٿيندي .“

شهزادي وڏي غور ۽ فڪر سان اهي نصيحتون ۽ هدايتون ٻڌي پنهنجي هنيئن سان هنڊايون ، ۽ پوءِ اٿي موڪلائڻ جي ڪيائين . هن انهيءَ وقت هيڏي هوڏي ڏٺو ته من ويندي ويندي پنهنجي من جي مالڪياڻيءَ جو منهن ڏسي سگهي ، ليڪن جل پري ڪٿي به نظر نه آيس . دل ئي دل ۾ سوچڻ لڳو ته ڪيڏي نه ظالم چئبي جو هن وقت به پاڻ نه ٿي پسائي . نيٺ لاچار ٿي اٿيو ۽ موڪلائي روانو ٿي ويو .

شهزادو جڏهن ڪوهه قاف جي آخري ڇيڙي تي پهتو ته جل پريءَ کي پنهنجو انتظار ڪندي ڏٺائين . سندس ڪروڌ ۽ ڪاوڙ هڪ ئي لحظي ۾ ڪافور ٿي ويا . جنهن کي بيوفا ٿي سمجهيائين ، ان جي اهڙي وفا ڏسي محبت جي عظمت جا ڪلما پڙهڻ لڳو . پوءِ اتي ٻنهي ويهي روح رهاڻيون ڪيون ۽ آخر ڪار هڪ ٻئي کان روئي موڪلايائون . موڪلائڻ مهل جل پريءَ کيس هڪ اڏند کٽولي ڏني ، جنهن تي هو ٺهي جڙي ويٺو ۽ اها آهستي آهستي مٿي اڏامڻ لڳي . تان جو ڪوهه قاف ڇڏي انسانن جي دنيا ۾ پهچي وئي .

شهزادو ست ڏينهن ۽ ست راتيون مٿان چڪر هڻندو رهيو، ليڪن ڪٿي به کيس هڪ ئي وقت ٽي ماڻهو نظر نه آيا . آخرڪار اٺين ڏينهن سندس مطلب پورو ٿيو .سندس اڏند کٽولي مٿي هوا ۾ لڏي لمي اچي هڪ ملڪ مٿان پهتي . جان کڻي شهزادو هيٺ نهاري ته هڪ سدا حيات ندي وڏي دهشت سان وهي رهي هئي . کيس ياد پيو ته نجومي انهيءَ ملڪ جي هڪ اها به نشاني ٻڌائي هئس ته هڪ ندي ملڪ مان وهندي وڃي سمنڊ ۾ ڇوڙ ڪندي هوندي . ملڪ آباد ۽ شاداب هوندو . انهيءَ جي هڪ پاسي جبلن جون قطارون ۽ ٻئي طرف ريگستان هوندو . شهزادي حسن راڪاس کي اهي پار پتا دل سان لڳا ۽ پوءِ اچي انهيءَ ملڪ ۾ لٿو . هي هو پاڻ ديوَ ۽ آيو هو انسانن جي ملڪ  ۾ . ان ڪري ڇا ڪيائين جو پکي بڻجي سڄي ملڪ ۾ اڏندو رهيو . ملڪ جي سٺي موسم ، مٺي پاڻيءَ ۽ مزي واري داڻي چوڻي هن کان پنهنجي ملڪ جا مزا ئي وساري ڇڏيا . هو ڪيترا ڏينهن ائين اڏامندو ۽ مزا ماڻيندو رهيو . جيڪڏهن جل پريءَ ۽ پيءُ جو خيال نه اچيس ها ته شايد سموري ڄمار پکي بڻجي هن پياري ملڪ ۾ گهمندو ڦرندو وتي ها . آخر ڪار هڪ شام جو هي جڏهن پنهنجي آکيري طرف اڏي رهيو هو ته هن ٽن ماڻهن کي ويندو ڏٺو . کيس يقين ٿي ويو ته هاڻي سندن من جي مراد پوري ٿيڻ واري آهي ، هو پکي بڻجي سندن پيڇو ڪندو اڏامندو رهيو . تان جو اهي ٽئي ڄڻا ڀر واري ڳوٺ ۾ اچي پهتا . هي به جلدي ۾ روپ مٽائي فقير بڻجي اچي هنن سان رليو ، ڳوٺ جي ماڻهن هنن مسافرن جي دل ئي ٽهل ٽڪور ڪئي ۽ کين عزت سان پاڻ وٽ ٽڪايو . رات جي ماني ۽ ڪچهريءَ کان پوءِ جڏهن ميزبان وڃي گهر آرامي ٿيو ته شهزادي حسن راڪاس موقعو ڏسي پنهنجي مطلب جي ڳالهه ڇيڙي . هن هڪڙي مسافر کان پڇيو ته : ”اوهان ڇا ڪندا آهيو ؟“ جنهن تي مسافر جواب ڏنس ته :”منهنجو ڌنڌو سپاهگيري آهي . اسان جا وڏا جوڌا جوان ٿي گذريا آهن ۽ اسان ڪيترن ئي موقعن تي پنهنجي ملڪ جو نالو روشن ڪيو آهي . پر جڏهن کان وٺي وقت جو حڪمران لاهي پاهي اسان جي پوئتان پيو ته اسان هڪ هنڌان لڏي اچي هن تر ۾ ويٺا آهيون . انهيءَ کان پوءِ ديو ٻئي مسافر کان پنهنجو ڌنڌو پڇيو ، جنهن تي جواب مليس ته :”آئون نڪمو آهيان . في الحال ڪو به ڪم نه ڪندو آهيان .“ اهڙي نموني سان وري هن ٽئين مسافر کان پڇيو . جواب مليس ته : ”آئون ڌنار آهيان .“ ان کان پوءِ هن ڇا ڪيو جو”سپاهي“لفظ مان ”س“ ، ”نڪمي“ لفظ مان ”ن“ ۽ ”ڌنار“ لفظ مان ”ڌ“ حرف کڻي جو ملايائين ته ”سنڌ“ لفظ ٺهي پيو . پوءِ دل ئي دل ۾ خوش ٿيڻ لڳو ته کيس اسم اعظم ملي ويو ، ان کان پوءِ شهزادي حسن راڪاس کانئن پڇيو ته اوهان ڪير آهيو ۽ ڪاڏي وڃي رهيا آهيو ؟“ انهيءَ تي هڪڙي مسافر چيو ته :”مون کي شاهه چوندا آهن ۽ بلڙيءَ جي ڀر ويٺو آهيان . پهريون پيريءَ مريديءَ ۾  ايمان هوندو هيم ، ڪيترائي مريد خادم هئا ، جن کان هر سال اڻ ڳڻيو ڏنُ ملندو هو . آئون اهو پئسو شرطن ۽ گوئن تي وڃائي ڇڏيندو هوس . مون وٽ ڪتن ۽ ڪڪڙن جي ڪا به ڪمي ڪانه هوندي هئي . وڏي ڪانيءَ ۽ ڪرامت وارو ڄاتو ويندو هوس . پر جڏهن جهوڪ واري جوان سان ڏيٺ ٿي ته اهو پرماريت وارو ڌنڌو ڇڏي وڃي پرينءَ جي پچار کي لڳو آهيان ۽ هر وقت اها ئي تند تنواريندو رهان ٿو . هاڻي ماڻهو مون کي نڪمو . سمجهندا آهن . آئون هنن دوستن سان گڏجي پنهنجي پرينءَ جو پيغام ماڻهن تائين پهچائڻ لاءِ نڪتو آهيان .“

شهزادي حسن راڪاس وري ٻئي مسافر کان پڇيو جنهن ٻڌايس ته منهنجو نالو عنايت آهي . آئون ذات جو پنهور آهيان . اڳي اتر سنڌ طرف رهندا هئاسين ، ليڪن وقت جي حڪمرانن جي ظلم کان تنگ ٿي ڏکن سنڌ ۾ اچي آباد ٿيا آهيون . هن وقت اسان ٽئي گڏجي هڪ ئي مقصد لاءِ گهران نڪتا آهيون . انهيءَ تي شهزادي وري ٽئين ۽ آخري مسافر کان پڇيو ته تون ڪير آهين ؟ انهيءَ تي ٽئين مسافر هن ريت حال اوريو ته منهنجو پيءُ هاري هو ، جنهن تي ڳوٺ جي وڏيري ڏاڍا ظلم ڪيا . آخر ڪار ابي ته ڀڄي جند ڇڏائي . ۽ وڃي جهوڪ ۾ آباد ٿيو ، ليڪن آئون اتي ڦاسي پيس ، مٽن مائٽن سمجهيو ته وڏيرو مون کي شهيد ڪري ڇڏيندو . ليڪن چوندا آهن ته مارڻ واري کان بچائڻ وارو ويجهو آهي ، سو نيٺ آئون به پاڻ بچائي ڀڄي نڪتس . انهيءَ ڏينهن کان وٺي ماڻهو مون کي شهيد سڏيندا آهن .“

اهي احوال ٻڌي پوءِ شهزادي حسن راڪاس ٽٻي ۾ پئجي ويو . نيٺ مسافرن کان پڇيائين ته :”اهو جهوڪ وارو جوان ڪير هو جنهن جا اوهان ايترا معتقد آهيو ۽ هاڻي به انهيءَ جي پيغام پکيڙن لاءِ آتا آهيو ؟“ انهيءَ تي هڪڙي مسافر جواب ڏنو ته :”اهو جهوڪ جو جوان هو صوفي شاهه عنايت شهيد .“ شهزادي حسن راڪاس جي حيرت جي ڪا به حد نه رهي . چئي ويٺو ته :”ڪمال آهي اوهان مان هڪڙو پاڻ کي شاهه سڏي ٿو ، ٻئي جو نالو عنايت آهي ۽ ٽئين کي وري ماڻهو شهيد سڏين ٿا . اوهان ٽنهي جا نالا ملائجن ٿا ته شاهه عنايت شهيد ٺهي پوي ٿو .“ انهيءَ تي مسافرن مان هڪ چيو ته جيڪي انسان قوم لاءِ هوندا آهن ، قوم انهن لاءِ ٿي پوندي . هن ئي منزل تي فنا ۽ بقا هڪ ٿي وينديون آهن . چوندا آهن ته مٿي ۾ تيل پوندي ڪير نه خوش ٿيندو . سو شهزادي حسن راڪاس جون مڙئي مرادون ته پاڻي ئي پوريون ٿينديون پيون وڃن . هن کي اسم اعظم به مليو ته کيس عظيم انسان جي به خبر پئي باقي کيس معلوم ڪرڻو پيو ته شاهه عنايت شهيد پنهنجي قوم کي ڪهڙو پيغام ڏنو . انهيءَ ڪري مسافرن کان پڇيائين ته :”مهرباني ڪري مون کي شاهه عنايت شهيد جي نظريئي بابت ڪجهه ٻڌايو .“ ان تي هڪ مسافر کيس ٻڌايو ته :”شاهه عنايت شهيد وطن جي آزاديءَ خاطر نواب اعظم سان ٽڪر کاڌو . مظلوم پنهورن کي سام ڏئي ڪلهوڙا رنجايا . پير پرستيءَ جي پاڙ پٽڻ لاءِ بلڙيءَ وارا بادشاهه ناراض ڪيا . سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳالهه ته هن جيڪو هاري ، تنهنجي ٻني ٻاريءَ جو تصور ڏنو . پوءِ انهيءَ جي عيوض کيس پليجن سان ڦٽائڻي پئي . هن پنهنجي ماڻهن کي اهو نظريو ڏنو . جنهن جو بنياد قومي آزادي ، مذهبي رواداري ، سماجي برابري ۽ اقتصادي انصاف تي ٻڌل هو . هن اهو نظريو اسان جي تاريخ جي ورقن ۾ پنهنجي رت سان چٽيو آهي . هاڻي تاريخ جا اهي ورق اسان کان انهيءَ نظريئي تي عمل ڪرڻ جو مطالبو ڪري رهيا آهن ، ۽ اسان انهيءَ نظريئي تي عمل تبليغ لاءِ گهران نڪتا آهيون .“

شهزادي حسن راڪاس کي هڪ ئي ملاقات ۾ هر شئي ملي وئي . کانئس صبر ڪو نه ٿيو ۽ مسافرن کي چئي ڏنائين ته : ”اسان کي ته پنهنجي درد جو دارون ملي ويو ، هاڻي اسان جي موڪلاڻي . اوهان ڀلي ويٺا تبليغون ڪيون.“ هو ائين چئي اٿي کڙو ٿيو . هڪدم پکي بڻجي اڏاڻو هليو ويو .

                    

         

ڇيلڙي وارو شهزادو

 

پيارا ٻارو ! ڳالهه ٿا ڪن ته ڪنهن زماني ۾ هڪ بادشاهه ٿي گذريو آهي . عدل ۽ انصاف ۾ ته سندس ڪو ئي مٽ ڪو نه هو . ملڪ ۾ سڀڪو سکيو ستابو گذاريندو هو . ڪنهن کي ڪو ڏک ۽ سور ڪو نه هو . هر ڪو پيو پنهنجي حڪمران کي دعائون ڏيندو هو . حاڪم به هجن ته ههڙا . ڪو سندس ملڪ ۾ اکيون وجهندو هو ته تارا ڪڍي رکندو هوس . جيڪڏهن عوام مٿان ڪا آفت اچي ڪڙڪندي هئي ته هن  جو سک ڦٽي پوندو هو . ٻڌندو هو ته ڪنهن رات ڪو ماڻهو بک ڪاٽي ستو ته کيس محل ماڙيون کائڻ پيا ايندا هئا . جيستائين خچر دولت سان ڀري انهيءَ ماڻهوءَ ڏي نه موڪليندو هو ، ان وقت تائين آرام ئي ڪو نه ايندو هوس . هميشه پيو چوندو هو ته ”آءٌ لشڪر يا خزاني جي زور تي بادشاهه ڪو نه ٿيو آهيان . منهنجو تاج آهي عوام جو ويساهه ۽ رضامندي . جيستائين عوام مون سان راضي رهيو ۽ آئون کين سکي رکي سگهيس . انهيءَ وقت تائين آءٌ بادشاهه آهيان . پر جيڪڏهن ڪو هڪ به ماڻهو مٽجي ويا ته آءٌ هي تخت ۽ تاج جي امانت سندن حوالي ڪري ڇڏيندس .“

            چون ٿا ته انهيءَ عوام دوست بادشاهه کي هڪ ڌيءَ هوندي هئي . جنهن جي سيرت ۽ صورت جي ملڪن ۾ هاڪ هئي ، شهزادي جهڙي هئي سياڻي تهڙي هئي سيبتي . شهزادي اڄ ننڍي سڀان وڏي نيٺ اچي جوان جماڻ ٿي . سياڻن چيو آهي ته ڌيئرون پرائو ڌڻ ، سو هوءَ به جڏهن ڦوهه جوانيءَ ۾ ڦاٽڻ لڳي ته بادشاهه کي اچي خيال ٿيو ته  نياڻيءَ کي شينهن ڪلهي چاڙهڻ گهرجي . ليڪن اچي اوني ورايس ته پنهنجي ڌيءَ کي اهڙو ورُ ڏيان، جيڪو عقل ۾ اڪابر به هجي ته رحم جو ڀنڊار به . سو اچي ڳاراڻي ورتس . اونڌي منجي ڪري محلات ۾ ويهي رهيو . الله جا اچي اٺ پهر گذريا ، پر بادشاهه ٻاهر نڪتو ئي ڪو نه . اميرن وزيرن کي اچي ڳڻتي ورتو ته خدا خير ڪري اسان جي بادشاهه سلامت کي الائي ڇا ٿيو آهي جو اڄ تخت تي ڪو نه ويٺو آهي . نيٺ اهي صلاح مصلحت ڪري مڙي سڙي بادشاهه جي حضور ۾ اچي پهتا . وڏي وزير بادشاهه کي عرض ڪيو ته :”ملڪ پناهه ! اڄ اسان تي ڏمر ٿيو آهي يا سرڪار جي دشمنن جي طبيعت خراب ٿي پئي آهي ، جو ائين اونڌي منجي ڪري ويٺا آهيو . اڄ اوهان کان سواءِ تخت به اسان کي کائڻ ٿو اچي . اوهان ته اسان جي تخت جا وارث به آهيو ته بخت جا وارث به . اسان جو ته آرام ئي ڦٽي ويو آهي . اوهان حڪم ڪيو ته اسان فرهاد بڻجي ٽڪر ٽوڙي ڏيکاريون . “ بادشاهه ڳالهائي ڄڻ ڀت ! ڪنهن ڏي به اکيون کڻي نه ڏٺائين . اهو حال ڏسي بادشاهه جي وڏور ڌي اکين مان آب هاري پنهنجي پيءُ کي ڳراٺڙي پائي کيس چيو : ”ابا سائين  ! الله تعاليٰ اوهان کي بخت ڏنو آهي ۽ عوام اوهان کي تخت ڏنو آهي . اوهان کي نه اولاد جو غم نه دولت جو ڏک . نه وري ڪو عوام جي ملڪ ۾ عوام لاءِ آزار . آخر ڳالهه ڪهڙي آهي ؟ جيڪڏهن منهنجي جان هلي وڃي ۽ اوهان کي سک ملي ته هيءَ ڇوري اوهان تان گهوري . آءٌ حاضر آهيان.“ اهو ٻڌي بادشاهه اکيون کنيون ۽ پنهنجي الڙ جوان ڌيءَ جي مٿي تي هٿ ڦيرائي چوڻ لڳو :” ڌيءَ تون ته هن ڌرتيءَ جو چنڊ آهين ، منهنجي اکين جو نور آهين ۽ دل جو سرور آهين . مان توتان لک حياتيون قربان ڪريان ، تون اهو ڇا ٿي چوين ؟“ تنهن تي شهزاديءَ پڇيو : ”بابا سائين ! پوءِ ڪهڙي ڳالهه آهي ؟ بادشاهه وراڻيو :”ڌيءَ تون اچي جوان ٿي آهين .سو

پڙهايان تنهنجو نڪاح ، ته   پوي   اندر   ۾    ساهه .

سوچيان ٿو ته توکي اهڙو ورُڏيان جيڪو سيرت ۽ صورت ، عقل ۽ شفقت ۾ تو جهڙو هجي .“ اهو ٻڌي شهزاديءَ وراڻيو:”پيارا بابا ! 

پوءِ اوهان ڳڻتي ۽ ڳاراڻو ڇو ٿا ڪريو ؟ ور ۽ گهر ته مون کي ڪرڻو آهي . اهو ته منهنجي زندگيءَ جو سوال آهي . ان ڪري ڪوشش به مون کي ئي ڪرڻ گهرجي .“  وزير ۽ امير شهزاديءَ جي هيءَ گفتگو ٻڌي حيران ٿي ويا ، ليڪن بادشاهه پنهنجي چنڊ جهڙي سهڻي من مهڻيءَ ڌيءَ سان اکيون ملائي اهو سڀ ڪجهه ٻڌندو رهيو . شهزادي چوندي رهي :”بابا سائين ! شادي مون کي ڪرڻي آهي ۽ نه اوهان کي . ان ڪري ڳڻتي ۽ ڳاراڻو  مون کي ئي ڪرڻ گهرجي . اوهان جو ته رڳو اهو ڪم آهي ته ور ۽ گهر تلاش ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪريو .“ اهو ٻڌي وڏي وزير کي اچي پيٽ ۾ وٽَ پيا ۽ دل ۾ گدڙ ويٺس ته ڪو اهڙو بهانو بڻايان جو شهزاديءَ جي شادي منهنجي پٽ سان ٿئي ، ۽ بادشاهه جي مرڻ کان پوءِ بادشاهيءَ جو وارث منهنجو پُٽ ٿئي . سو وچ ۾ ٽپو ڏئي چيائين :”جيئندا قبلا ! شهزاديءَ سڄي زندگي محلات ۾ ئي گذاري آهي . کيس ڪهڙي خبر ته نياڻيون ڏٺي تي ورُ نه ڪنديون آهن . اهڙا فيصلا پيءُ ماءُ ئي ڪندا آهن . البته اسان کي شهزاديءَ جو خيال رکي اهڙو ورُ ڳولهڻ گهرجي ، جيڪو حسب ۽ نسب ۾ شهزاديءَ کان گهٽ نه هجي .“ اهو ٻڌي شهزادي تپي لال ٿي وئي ۽ چوڻ لڳي ته :”ڍلن پٺيان ڀلا ٿيندا آهن ۽ ڀلن پٺيان ڍلا ٿيندا آهن . ان ڪري حسب نسب جي ڳالهه کي ڇو آڻي ٽنبجي ؟ ور مون کي ڪرڻو آهي . آءٌ ڪا گڏي ڪا نه آهيان جو تون کڻي ڪنهن گڏي سان لائون ڏيارين . مان پنهنجي ورَ جي ڳولها پاڻ ڪنديس .“ اهو ٻڌي وزير جي پيرن هيٺيان ڌرتي ڇڏائي وئي . ليڪن بادشاهه سلامت اڳيان هن جي دال ڳري نه سگهي . سو مِٺي به ماٺ ۽ مُٺي به ماٺ سمجهي ويهي رهيو . وزير جو ته منهن ئي لهي ويو ، پر بادشاهه ائين پيو خوش ٿئي ڄڻ آبِ حيات پيتو هجيس . چوڻ لڳو :”آئون به ڪهڙو نه چريو هوس جو ، اونڌي منجي ڪري ويهي رهيس .“ پوءِ ڌيءَ ڏي نهايندي چيائين :”پيءُ ۽ ماءُ جو ڪم آهي رڳو سندن مدد ڪرڻ .“

            شهزاديءَ بادشاهه جي ڳچيءَ ۾ ڳراٽڙي پائي چوڻ لڳي ته :”بابا سائين ! سڀان سج ڪني ڪڍي ته پڙهو ڏياريو وڃي ته شهزادي پنهنجي وَر جي ڳولها ڪندي . جيڪڏهن ڪو شهزاديءَ سان شادي ڪرڻ گهري ته اچي درٻار ۾ حاضر ٿئي . شهزادي ان کان ڪي سوال پڇا ڪندي . جيڪڏهن ڪنهن برابر جواب ڏنا ته ان جون لائون شهزاديءَ سان ڏياريون وينديون . پر جيڪڏهن ڪنهن صحيح جواب نه ڏنا ته پوءِ ان کي ڪجهه به نه چيو ويندو . ڇو ته هن بادشاهيءَ ۾ ڪڏهن به ڪنهن سان قهر نه ٿيو  آهي ، ۽ اڳتي به ڪنهن سان ظلم نه ٿيندو . پر جيڪڏهن ڪنهن وزير يا امير جو پُٽ جواب ڏئي نه سگهيو ته ان کي ملڪ نيڪالي ڏني ويندي ۽ سندس مال ملڪيت ضبط ڪيو ويندو .“

            سباڻو ٿيو ، بس پڙهي ڏيڻ جي ويرم هئي . اچي ماڻهو مڙيا . شام تائين سڄي درٻار ڀرجي وئي ، تِرَ ڇٽڻ جي به جاءِ نه رهي . وڏي وزير سوچيو ته شهزاديءَ هر حالت ۾ پنهنجي نهن بڻائڻي آهي . پر اهو ڊپُ هيس ته جيڪڏهن منهنجو پُٽ جواب ڏئي نه سگهيو ته مال، ملڪيت ، عزت ۽ دولت تان هٿ ڌوئڻا پوندا . ان ڪري ڇا ڪيائين جو صبح سويرو هڪ ٻڪرار گهرائي ورتائين . جيڪو هڪ ڇيلڙو گود ۾ کڻي اچي هن وٽ حاضر ٿيو . وزير ٻڪرار کي پنهنجي پُٽ جا ريشمي ڪپڙا پهرائي ، ان کان پراڻا ۽ ڦاٽل ڪپڙا لهرائي ورتا . جيڪي وري پنهنجي شهزادي پُٽ کي پهرائي کڻي درٻار ۾ موڪليائين . وزير کي هاڻي پڪ ٿي ته ”کٽيا ته به اپڻا گهر ، جي هرايا ته به اپڻا گهر.“ جيڪڏهن وزير زادو جواب ڏئي سگهيو ته شهزادي اسان جي ٿيندي ، پر جيڪڏهن جواب نه ڏئي سگهيو ته کيس ڪو ئي ڪو نه سڃاڻندو ۽ غريب سمجهي ڇڏي ڏيندس . ائين عزت به رهجي ويندي ۽ دولت به بچي ويندي .

            ٻڪرار ڇوڪرو هو عقلمند ، سو چيائين ته دال ۾ مڙئي ڪجهه ڪارو آهي . سو هي به ڇيلڙو ڪڇ ۾ کڻي وزير زادي جو پيڇو ڪندو وڃي درٻار ۾ پهتو . ماڻهو هن کي ڏسي کلڻ لڳا . ڇو ته لٽن ڪپڙن ۾ ته شهزادو پيو لڳي ، پر ڇيلڙو جو ڪڇ ۾ هيس . ان ڪري ماڻهن ٿي سمجهيو ته ڪو پاڳل آهي . ماڻهن وٺي ٺٺوليون ڪيس . جيترا هئا وات اوتريون هيون ڳالهيون . ڪو چوي ته :”شهزادي هن سان شادي ڪندي، جو معتبر ٿو ڏسجي .“ مطلب ته ڪنهن ڪيئن چيس ، ڪنهن ڪيئن ٿي چيس . پر ٻڪرار چپ ڪري هڪ ڪنڊ وٺي وڃي ويهي رهيو . گهڙيءَ کن کان پوءِ گهنڊ وڄڻ لڳا ، ۽ بادشاهه جي اچڻ جو اعلان ڪيو ويو . سڀڪو ماڻهو پنهنجي جاءِ تي ادب سان اٿي بيٺو . ٺيڪ انهيءَ وقت چيلڙي وٺي ٻي ٻي ڪئي ، جنهن تي سڄي درٻار وٺي ٽهڪ ڏنا . شهزاديءَ جي به وڃي ٻڪرار تي نظر پئي . ٻڪرار جو پاتا هئا شهاڻا لٽا . سو پري کان پيو ڏيک ڏئي . شهزاديءَ حڪم ڪيو ته ڇيلڙيءَ واري شهزادي کي وٺي اچي اڳيان ويهاريو . بس حڪم جي دير هئي . اميرن وزيرن اچي کيس عزت سان سلام ڪيو ۽ وٺي وڃي تخت جي ڀرسان ويهاريائونس . اهو ڏسي وڏي وزير جو ته اندر ئي سڙي ويو . پر سڙڻ ۽ پڄرڻ کان سواءِ ڪري به ڇا پيو سگهي !

            ٿوريءَ گهريءَ کان پوءِ هر هڪ واري وٽيءَ سان شهزاديءَ سان شادي ڪرڻ جي اميد ۾ سوال ٻڌندو رهيو . مگر صحيح جواب ڪو به ڏئي نه سگهيو . آخر ڪار وڃي ٻه ڄڻا بچيا . هڪ وڏي وزير جو پُٽ ٻڪرار جي ڪپڙن ۾ ، ۽ ٻيو ٻڪرار جو پُٽ وزيرزادي جي ڪپڙن ۾ . شهزادي وزير جي پُٽ کان سوال ڪيو ته : ”اي غريب ٻڪرار ! سڀني انسانن کي ٻن شين جي بک ٿئي ٿي . ۽ ٻن شين جو ڍءُ رهي ٿو . ٻڌاءِ ته اهي ڪهڙيون شيون آهن .“ وزير جو پُٽ هئو ته شڪل جو سهڻو پر عقل جو دٻو خالي هئس . چپ خشڪ ٿي ويس، سڄو جسم پگهر ۾ شل ٿي ويس ۽ ڏڪڻي وٺي ويس . ڪو به جواب ڏئي نه سگهيو . ان تي ڇيلڙيءَ واري شهزادي پنهنجي ڇيلڙيءَ کي ڪلهن تان لاهي ، جهڪي سلام ڪندي شهزاديءَ کي چيو ته :”اگر حڪم ڪيو ته هي بندو انهن سوالن جا جواب ڏئي .“ ان تي شهزاديءَ وراڻيو ته :”اي ڇيلڙيءَ وارا شهزادا ! ڀلي اوهان به پنهنجي عقل کي آزمايو .“

            ٻڪرار جو هاڻي ڇيلڙيءَ وارو شهزاو پيو سڏجي ، تنهن جواب ڏنو ته :”ماڻهوءَ کي دولت ۽ عمر جي بک ٿئي ٿي ۽ کيس حسن ۽ عقل جو ڍءُ ٿئي ٿو . ماڻهو ڪيڏو به امير هجي ، پر چوندو جيڪر قارون جو خزانو کيس ملي وڃي . ساڳي نموني سان ڇو نه کڻي ماڻهوءَ جا پير قبر ۾ هجن ، پر ته به پيو زندهه رهڻ جون سڌون ڪندو . اهڙي نموني سان هر ڪو وري پاڻ کي عقل جو اڪابر ۽ سهڻن جو سردار سمجهي ٿو .“

            جواب ٻڌڻ تي سڄيءَ درٻار ۾ تاڙيون وڄي ويون ۽ شهزادي تخت تان لهي اچي ڇيلڙي واري شهزادي جي ڳچيءَ ۾ هار وڌو . پوءِ ڌام ڌوم سان سندن شادي ٿي . راڄن کي سڏ ڏنائون ، جنهن ۾ هر ڪو اچي شريڪ ٿيو .

ڇانو بنا وڻ

پيارا ٻارو! هڪ دفعي جي ڳالهه آهي ته ڪنهن ملڪ جي بادشاهه جي ذهن ۾ اچي خيال ويٺو ته پنهنجي وزيرن جي ذهانت جو امتحان وٺجي . بادشاهه ذهين ته پاڻ به ڪو نه هو . پر شينهن کي چوي ڪير ته تنهنجي وات ۾ ڌپ ! چوندا آهن ته جنهن جي گنديءَ ۾ داڻا تنهنجا چريا به سياڻا ، سو هتي به ساڳئي ئي ڳالهه هئي ، اڃا ان کان به وڌيڪ ڀلا جيڪو ملڪ جي خزاني تي نانگ بڻجي ويهي رهي ۽ اڻ ڳڻئي لشڪر جي واڳ پنهنجي هٿ ۾ جهلي بيهي ته تنهن سان پڄڻ جي ڪهڙي واٽ !

سو ، بادشاهه ڇا ڪيو جو انهيءَ وقت ئي کڻي وزير گهرايائين . بس سندس حڪم جي ويرم هئي . گهڙيءَ پلڪ ۾ سندس سڀئي وزير پنهنجا ڪم ڪاريون ڇڏي اچي بادشاهه جا سلامي ٿيا . جڏهن پوري درٻار اميرن ۽ وزيرن سان ڀرجي وئي ته بادشاهه به ٺهي جڙي اچي تخت تي ويٺو . پنهنجي بيوقوف بادشاهه جي پرڪارن جي سڀني کي ڪلَ هوندي هئي . جڏهن به ائين ڪمهلي درٻار لڳائيندو هو ته ماڻهن جا ڏيل ڏري پوندا ها ، اميرن وزيرن کي ڦڦڙي وٺي ويندي هئي . سمجهي ويندا هئا ته اجها ٿي جيري لاءِ ٻڪري ڪسي . ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ته ائين ٿيندو هو جو ٽڪريءَ کي ٿيندا هئا سور ۽ ڄمندو هو ڪئو . ڇا ٿيندو هو جو درٻاري اچي بيهندا هئا ته کين ٻڌايو ويندو ته بادشاهه سلامت درٻار لڳائڻ جو خيال لاهي ڇڏيو آهي ، اوهان ڀلي موٽي وڃو . ليڪن هن ڀيري جو بادشاهه وقت سر اچي تخت تي ويٺو ته سڀني کان ساهه ڇڏائي ويو . سڀئي انهيءَ انتظار ۾ هئا ته ڏسون ته اٺ ڪهڙي پاسي ٿو ليٽي . انهيءَ ڳڻتيءَ ۾ اميرن وزيرن جون ڳچيون جهڪي ويون، سڀئي ٻانهون ٻڌي وڏي ادب ۽ احترام سان بيٺا رهيا . آخرڪار بادشاهه جو رعبدار آواز گونجن لڳو . ڀري درٻار ۾ رڳو سندس ئي آواز ٻڌڻ ۾ پئي آيو . ائين پيو لڳي ته باقي ڄڻ پٿر جا بت هئا يا انهن جي وات ۾  زبان جهڙي ڪا به شئي ڪا نه هئي . بادشاهه هر هڪ وزير کان سوال پڇندو ويو . پهريان وڏي وزير ڏي منهن ڪري سوال پڇيائين :”اي وزير ! باتدبير اسان اوهان کان معلوم ڪرڻ گهرون ٿا ته اسان جي سڄيءَ بادشاهيءَ ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ خوبيءَ واري ڪهڙي شئي آهي؟“ انهيءَ تي وڏي وزير ڪنڌ جهڪائي ورندي ڏني :”جهان پناهه ! اوهان جي سموري بادشاهيءَ ۾ حضور جو بخت ۽ تخت ئي سڀ کان سٺيون شيون آهن . اها بادشاهه سلامت جي ذات ئي آهي ، جنهن جي صدقي هن اجڙيل ۽ ويران روءِ زمين تي باغ بهاري لڳي پئي آهي .“ ٽانءِ ڀريئي سانڀر جيان بادشاهه سينو ڦوڪي ، مڇون وٽي ”بيشڪ ، بيشڪ“ چيو . ان کان پوءِ ٻئي وزير ڏي منهن ڦيريائين، جنهن سجدو ڪري سندس سلام ڀريو . بادشاهه کانئس پڇيو ته :”اي عقلمند وزير ! اسان جي بادشاهيءَ ۾ اوهان کي ڪهڙيون شيون نظر نه ٿيون اچن ؟“ انهيءَ تي وزير ترت جواب ڏيندي عرض ڪيو :”عالي پناهه ! هي نمڪ حلال بندو سالن کان وٺي بادشاهه سلامت جي پاڇي ۾ سک ۽ سڪون جي زندگي گذاري رهيو آهي . انهيءَ عرصي ۾ هن خادم کي سڄيءَ بادشاهيءَ ۾ ڪٿي به بک ۽ ڏک ڏسڻ ۾ نه آيا . سائين جن جي سموري رعيت خوش آهي .“ انهيءَ تي بادشاهه ”بيشڪ بيشڪ“ چوندي ٽئين وزير سان مخاطب ٿيو . کانئس پڇيائين : ”اي وزير ! آسمان جو سج ته سڀني ڏٺو آهي ، پر ٻڌاءِ ته ڌرتيءَ جو سج ڪٿي آهي ؟“ انهيءَ تي وزير ڪنڌ نمائيندي بادشاهه کي ادب سان جواب ڏنو ته :”بادشاهه سلامت ! اوهان جو ولي عهد ئي هن ڌرتيءَ جو سج آهي .“ بادشاهه اهو جواب ٻڌي ڏاڍو خوش ٿيو . وزير ، جي اڳ ۾ پنهنجو ساهه بادشاهه جي مٺ ۾ بند ٿيل محسوس ڪري رهيا هئا ، تن جي دلين کي به آٿت اچڻ لڳو ۽ سمجهڻ لڳا ته ڪو سندن لولو اگهاڻل آهي . ليڪن خوشين ۽ غمن ۾ ڪو ويڇو آهي ئي ڪو نه . سک ۽ ڏک ته پاڻ ۾ ڳنڍيا پيا آهن . سو هنن سان به ائين ئي ٿيو . اوچتو ئي اوچتو بادشاهه کانئن اهڙا سوال پڇيا جن سندن وايون ئي بتال ڪري ڇڏيون ، بادشاهه سڀني وزيرن ڏي منهن ڪندي پڇيو ته :”اسان جي بادشاهيءَ جون حدون ڪٿي ختم ٿين ٿيون . سڀني هڪ ئي آواز بڻائي جواب ڏنو ته : ”حضور جيستائين اسان جي نگاهه وڃي .“ پوءِ وري بادشاهه کانئن پڇيو ته :”ڀلا ٻڌايو ته اسان جي بادشاهيءَ ۾ اها ڪهڙي ولايت آهي جتي وڻ ته آهن پر ڇانو ڪانهي؟“ هي سوال ٻڌندي سڀئي وزير وائڙا ٿي ويا . سندن منهن جو رنگ ئي بدلجي ويو، پيرن هيٺيان ڌرتي ئي ڇڏائي وين . ڪڇن ائين ڄڻ ڀت . سڄيءَ درٻار ۾ اهڙي ته خاموشي ڇانئجي وئي جو جيڪڏهن کڻي سئي اڇلائجي ته به ان جي ڪرڻ جو آواز اچي . اهڙي چپ ٿي وئي ڄڻ راڪاس گهمي ويو هجي .

بادشاهه تپي لال ٿي ويو ، اکيون ڳاڙهيون ٿي ويس ۽ مٽا ڦوڪجي آيس ۽ ناسون ڦوٽارجي ويس . گجگوڙ ڪندي چيائين :”مابدولت طرفان اوهان کي ٽن ڏينهن جي مهلت ڏني وڃي ٿي . جيڪڏهن اوهان منهنجي سوال جو صحيح جواب نه ڏنو ته سڀني کي جيئري گڏهه جي پيٽ ۾ وڌو ويندو .“

پيارو ٻارو ! جنهن ملڪ جي اختيار ۽ اقتدار ۾ عوام کي ڀاڱي ۽ ڀائيوار نه ڪيو ويندو آهي ، ۽ اڇي يا ڪاري جو مالڪ عوام نه پر ڪو ٻيو هوندو آهي ته انهيءَ ملڪ ۾ عوام ۾ عوام جو حشر ائين ٿيندو آهي . سو انهيءَ ملڪ جو به اهو حال هو . بادشاهه جي انهن وزيرن کي به اچي سر جي لڳي . هر هڪ پنهنجي پنهنجي گهر وڃي اونڌي منجي ڪري ويهي رهيو . سندن هڪ ڏينهن ته ائين ئي ڳڻتيءَ ۽ ڳاراڻي ۾ گذري ويو . ٻيو سج اڀريو ته مٿن ڏکن جا ڏونگر ڪري پيا . هر هڪ وزير پنهنجي موت جون گهڙيون ڳڻڻ لڳو . نيٺ ٻيو ڏينهن به گذريو ۽ رات ڪاري چادر بڻجي ملڪ کي وڪوڙي وئي . هر ڪو ماڻهو وڃي آرامي ٿيو ، ليڪن وزيرن جو اچي آرام ڦٽو . وزيرن جي من ۾ ڪا جڙي آئي ، سوچيائون جتي پڄي نه سگهجي اتي ڀڄڻ ڪم وريامن جو . سو وڏي وزير کان سواءِ بادشاهه جا باقي سورهيه وزير پنهنجي پنهنجي جان بچائڻ لاءِ راتو رات ملڪ ڇڏي ڀڄي ويا . صبح ٿيو ته اها خبر باهه جيان سڄي شهر ۾ پکڙجي وئي . تان جو وڃي بادشاهه جي ڪنين به پهتي . بادشاهه وزيرن کي پڪڙڻ لاءِ چئني طرفن ڏانهن گهوڙا ڊوڙايا . بادشاهه جا سپاهي ڀڳل وزيرن کي پڪڙي آيا يا نه ؟ انهيءَ قصي کي ڇڏيو . هاڻي اچو ڏسون ته وڏي وزير جو ڪهڙو حال ٿيو ،

بادشاهه جي من ۾ اچي گدڙ ويٺو ته متان وڏو وزير به نه ڀڄي وڃي . ان ڪي هن ڇاڪيو جو کڻي قيد ڪرايائينس . وڏي وزير رتُ رنو دانهون ڪيون ، ليڪن وريس ڪي به ڪونه ، بادشاهه کي ايتري به ڪهل نه آئي ته اهڙي ماڻهوءَ کي ڇڏي ڏي جنهن سڄي ڄمار سندس خدمت ڪئي هجي . وڏي وزير سان کڻي اهڙي جٺ ڪيائون  ، جوڄڻ هن پوري عمر بادشاهه خلاف بغاوت ڪئي هجي . ماڻهن جو ته دڪو به داخل ٿي ويندو آهي مگر هن جون هڙئي قبول نه پيون .هن لاءِ ٻئي پڙ ڳؤرا ٿي پيا . جنڊ کڻي ته جنڊ ڳؤرو ، جي پُڙ کڻي ته پُڙ ڳؤرو . ڦٽيل دل مان دانهن نڪري ويس ته :

            جي ٿو ڪڇان ته پٽجن ٿيون مڇان ،

            جي ٿو ڪيان ماٺ  ته  پوان  ڪاٺ . 

ائين بس ويچارو پاڻ کي چؤکنڀو ٻڌرائي ماٺ ٿي ويهي رهيو . جيئن جيئن شام ويجهي پوندي ٿي وئي ، تيئن تيئن کيس يقين ٿيڻ لڳو ته سندس زندگيءَ جو سج به تيزيءَ سان لڙندو پيو وڃي ۽ گهڙيءَ پلڪ کان پوءِ جڏهن دنيا وارا ڏيئا ٻارڻ لڳندا تڏهن هن جي حياتيءَ جو ڏيئو گل ٿي ويندو .

انهيءَ ملڪ جي رواج موجب ، جنهن بدنصيب کي موت جي سزا ڏني ويندي هئي ، تنهن کي شام ٿيڻ سان پوري شهر جي چوڌاري ٽي چڪر ڏياريا ويندا هئا . ان ڪري جڏهن سج لهڻ ٻڏڻ تي هو ته وڏي وزير کي گڏهه تي چاڙهي شهر کان ٻاهر ڪڍي ويا . انهيءَ وقت منهن اونداهي ٿي رهي هئي ۽ ڌنار پنهنجا ڌڻ چاريو گهر ٿي وريا . انهن ڌنارن ۾ هڪ ننڍڙو ڌنار به هو . جڏهن وزير جو جلوس اچي هنن جي ڀرسان گذريو ته سڀني ڌنارن مڙي اچي جلوس وارن کان ماجرا پڇي . جڏهن ننڍڙي ڌنار کي خبر پئي ته هڪ معمولي سوال تي جيئري جاڳندي انسان کي ماريو پيو وڃي ته مٺيان به لڳس ۽ ارمان به ٿيس . ان ڪري ڊوڙي وڃي وڏي وزير جي گڏهه سان رليو . چوندا آهن ته ڪانوءَ کي مزو اچي لڙ مان ، سو ماڻهو سڀئي هنبوشيءَ ۾ پورا هئا . ڀلا جن سادن ماڻهن کي اها به خبر نه هئي ته اڄ جنهن واقعي تي خوش ٿي رهيا آهن سو سڀاڻي هنن کي پيش اچي سگهي ٿو ، سي وري ڪيئن سمجهي سگهندا ته وڏي وزير کي ڪو ٻار پٽيون پڙهائي رهيو آهي . ننڍڙي ڌنار وڌي وڃي وڏي وزير کي ڪن ۾ چيو :”مون سڄي ماجرا ٻڌي آهي . اوهان غم نه ڪريو ، ظالم بادشاهه جي سوال جو جواب مان ٿو اوهان کي ٻڌايان .“ ٻڏندڙ ماڻهوءَ لاءِ ته ڪک به سهارو ٿيندو آهي . ان ڪير وڏي وزير ننڍڙي ڌنار کي چيو ته :”جلد ٻڌاءِ اها ولايت ڪٿي آهي ، جنهن ۾ وڻ ته آهن ، وڻن جي ڇانو ٿئي ئي ڪانه .“ تنهن تي ننڍڙي ڌنار وڏي وزير کي چيو :”اي وڏا وزير ڌيرج ڪر . کير ٿڻن مان اڃا نڪتو ئي ڪٿي آهي ، جو توکي اچي ڳڻتي ٿي آهي ته ڏڌو کير ٿڻين ڪيئن پوندو . اسان جي ملڪ ۾ هڪ نه پر اهڙيون ٻه ولايتون آهن ،جتي وڻ ته ٿين پر ڇانو نه ٿئي.“ تنهن تي وڏي وزير بي صبرو ٿيندي ڇوڪري کي چيو  : ”منهنجي حياتي بچائيندڙ فرشتا جلدي ڪر ۽ انهن ولايتن جا پار پتا ڏي . ائين نه ٿئي جو بي رحم بادشاهه جا ماڻهو مون کي ڦاسيءَ تي ٽنگي ڇڏين . “ انهيءَ تي ابهم ڌنار کي رحم اچي ويو ۽ وڏي وزير کي چيائين :”اي وزير تنهنجي جان بچائڻ لاءِ آئون توکي ٻنهي ولايتن جو ڏسُ ڏيان ٿو .“ ۽ پوءِ ننڍڙي ڌنار وزير کي چيو ته :”حقيقت ۾ اها ولايت بادشاهي“ آهي ، جنهن ۾ وڻ ته ٿين ٿا ، مگر ڇانو اصل ڪا نه ٿئي . تون سڄي ڄمار بادشاهه جي ڀر ۾ گذاري پنهنجا وار به اڇا ڪري ڇڏيا ، ليڪن محنت ۽ خدمت جو صلو توکي اڄ اهو پيو ڏنو وڃي . اهو ٻڌندي ئي وڏي وزير جو ڪنڌ جهڪي ويو ۽ وڏي ارمان سان چوڻ لڳو ته : ”واقعي مون ائين محسوس ٿي ڪيو ته منهنجي ڄمار بادشاهه جي شفقت ۾ گذري ويندي ، ليڪن اڄ يقين ٿي ويو ته بادشاهه بي رحم وڻ ۾ ڪڏهن به ڇانو نه ٿيندي آهي ، ۽ دنيا جي ڪا به طاقت اڄ مون کي موت جي منهن مان ڪڍي نه سگهندي . انهيءَ تي ڌنار کيس چيو :”ائين نه چئو وزير صاحب ! مان اوهان کي اهڙو ڏسُ ڏيان ٿو . جنهن مان اوهان جي جان بچي پوندي اوهان بادشاهه کي چئو ته جهنگ اهڙي ولايت ٿئي ٿو ، جنهن جي وڻن يعنيٰ ڪانڊيرن ۾ ڇانو ڪا نه ٿيندي آهي . اهو جواب ٻڌي بادشاهه اوهان جي جان بخشي ڪندو . ڇو ته ظالم نه رڳو بزدل ٿيندا آهن ، پر بيوقوف به ٿيندا آهن . اوهان جو اهو جواب ٻڌي بادشاهه خوش ٿي ويندو . اوهان دلجاءِ ڪريو.“ اهو جواب ٻڌي وزير کي ڪجهه آٿت مليو ۽ ڌنار کانئس موڪلائيندي چيو ته : ”وزير صاحب اسان غريب ماڻهو ڇانو نه ڏيندڙ وڻن کي وڍي ، زمين صاف ڪري رنگ برنگي فصل پوکيندا آهيون ۽ نوان گل ٻوٽا پوکيندا آهيون “ بس هو ائين چئي وزير کان موڪلائي وڃي پنهنجي ڌڻ سان رليو .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ايڪ ڏون چار

گهڙيال وقت جي ڀير تي چار ڏونڪا وهائي ڪڍيا ، ليڪن وسائيءَ جي ڪنن تائين انهن جو آواز نه پهتو . هوءَ ستُي پئي هئي . دنيا جهان کان بيخبر ! بنهه ائين ڄڻ هوءَ صدين جي ويڙهه کان پوءِ جنگ جيتي بي فڪريءَ سان آرامي ٿي هجي ! ڄڻڪ هن کي انهيءَ ٿڪاوٽ لاهڻ لاءِ اڃا به سمهڻو هجي . سندس ماءُ اچي مٿان بيٺس .

”ڇوري پچر ڇڏ هنڌ جي ، اجهو ٿو ماستر پهچي . اٿي هٿ منهن ڌوئي ٽيوشن لاءِ تيار ٿي .“ ماڻهس کيس اٿاريندي چيو . ”امان آرام ته ڪرڻ ڏي ………“ ننڊاکڙيءَ وسائي مختصر جملو چئي پنهنجو پاسو ورائي ڇڏيو .

”چنڊي ! ڪا عورتن کي ننڊ سونهين ٿي ؟ اٿي جاڳ ، ڇڏ اها نڀاڳ جي ننڊ .“ ماڻهنس وسائي مٿان پيل چادر ڇڪيندي چيو . وسائي کٽ تي اٿي ويٺي . سندس خمار ڀريل اکين مان چڙ جا سمورا رنگ نظر اچي رهيا هئا . هن پهريون اکيون مهٽي گهڙيال ڏي ۽ پوءِ ڪاوڙ مان ماءُ ڏي ڏٺو . جڙي آيس ته ماءُ کي چئي ڏي ته : ”ڪٿي ، ڪڏهن ۽ ڪهڙي عورت کي ننڊ نصيب ٿي آهي ؟ “ مگر هن ماءُ کي ڪجهه نه چيو . ڇو ته کيس پڪ هئي ته ان جي جواب ۾ کيس ٻه ٺپيون ٻڌڻيون پونديون . هوءَ مونن ۾ منهن پائي کٽ تي ئي ويهي رهي ۽ ماڻهس دلجاءِ ڪري وڃي پنهنجي ڪم ڪار سان لڳي . هن ڪنڌ مٿي ڪري وري گهڙيال ڏانهن ڏٺو . چار وڄي ست منٽ ٿيا هئا . هوءَ گهڙيال ڏي ڏسندو ئي رهي . سيڪنڊن وارو ڪانٽو ڊوڙي وڃي پيو منٽن ۽ ڪلاڪن جي ڪانٽن سان ملي ۽ وري انهن کان اڳ ڪڍندو پيو وڃي . وسائي جي ذهن جو ڪانٽو به ماضيءَ ڏانهن تيز تيز ڊوڙڻ لڳو ، ۽ هوءَ خيالن ۾ گم ٿي وئي . اٺن مهينن جي عرصي ۾ هن ٻه ٽيوٽر مٽايا هئا . ساجن سندس ٽيون استاد هو . هوءَ ساجن جي ذهانت جو قدر ضرور ڪندي هئي ، ليڪن جت پنهونءَ جا ڀائرجيان هن کي به باقي ٻين استادن جهڙوئي  سمجهيوهو : مرد جيڪو صدين کان وٺي معاشري جي وڏ ماڻهائپ جو ٺيڪيدار رهيو آهي  ۽ جنهن عورت ذات کي ڏسي وائسي پاڻ جهڙو نه بنجڻ ڏنو آهي ! وسائي انٽر جي امتحان جي تياري ڪري رهي هئي . ليڪن امتحان کان وڌيڪ هن کي فڪر عورتن جي آزاديءَ جو هوندو هو . هن جي دلچسپي ڪتابن ۾ نه پر جيڏين سرتين سان ساڳئي موضوع تي خيالن جي ڏي وٺ ۾ هوندي هئي . اهو  ئي سبب آهي جو هوءَ پڙهائيءَ جي سلسلي ۾ پٺتي پئجي چڪي هئي . سندس والدين جو خيال هو ته انٽر پاس ڪري ته هن کي شينهن ڪلهي چاڙهيو وڃي . ان ڪري ئي هنن کيس هڪ مٿان ٻيو ٽيوٽر رکي ڏنو ته من گهر ۾ ئي دل لائي ٻه اکر پڙهي وٺي . پر هتي به هن ساڳيا لاٽون ساڳيا چگهه ڪري ڏيکاريا . ٻن استادن کي ته ٽڪڻ ئي ڪو نه ڏنائين، ليڪن ساجن جي بردباري، سهپ ۽ سياڻپ اڳيان هن جي تريءَ تيل ئي ڪو نه لڳندو هو . ڏاڍي ڪوشش ڪندي هئي ته ساجن کي ورچائي ۽ رسائي وجهي ، پر هو به اڏول هو ، بنهه جبل جيان .

هوءَ پاڻ استاد ساجن کي ٻڌائيندي هئي ته :”مون استادن جي ويس ۾ مرد جا ٽي روپ ڏٺا آهن . هڪ روپ فقير جو ، ٻيو روپ ڌاڙيل جو ، ٽيون ساجن جو .“ هوءَ ساجن کي ٻڌائيندي هئي ته کيس پهريون سر بنهه پينو لڳندو هو، هوءَ جڏهن به وسائي اڳيان ايندو هو ته چپ خشڪ ٿي ويندا هئس . رکي رکي پنهنجي آلي زبان ائين چپن تي گهمائيندو هو ، ڄڻڪ مرلي ٻڌي جوڳيءَ جو نانگ پنهنجي ڄڀ ڦڙڪائيندو هجي . ڳالهائيندو هو ته پيو وڦلندو هو ، هڪ جي بدران وات مان ٻيو نڪري ويندو هئس . پهريون ته ڏسڻ جي ئي ڪوشش نه ڪندو هو، پر جيڪڏهن ڏسڻو پوندو هئس ته ڪن ئي ڳاڙها ٿي ويندا هئس . هر عورت ۽ هر ڇوڪريءَ کي ڏسي سندس اهو حشر ٿيندو هو . هو وسائيءَ جي ئي ڪاليج ۾ پڙهائيندو هو ، ڪاليج جون سموريون ڇوڪريون کيس ”استاد مستانو“ سڏينديون هيون . وسائي ساجن کي ٻڌائيندي هئي ته جڏهن به هوءَ استاد مستاني کي ڏسندي هئي ، تڏهن هرڪو مرد کيس پينو ۽ فقير لڳندو هو . اهڙن فقيرن جي روپ ۾ پوريءَ دنيا جا مرد هن کي هيچ ۽ نيچ لڳندا هئا . سمورن مردن سان نفرت واري جذبي هن کي پنهنجي سر کان به پري ڪري ڇڏيو ، ان ڪري هوءَ ڪڏهن به دل لائي کانئس نه پڙهي ، تان جو ويچارو استاد پاڻهن ڄاڻهن کين جواب ڏئي هليو ويو .

”ڇوري ! هنڌ جي پچر ڇڏيئه يا نه ؟“ وسائيءَ جي ماءُ ٻئي ڪمري مان دانهن ڪئي ۽ هن جي خيالن جو سلسلو ٽٽي پيو. ”امان ! اٿي آهيان.“ هن مختصر جواب ڏنو ، وري ٻنهي طرفن کان خاموشي جا آثار محسوس ٿين لڳا .

وسائيءَ جو ويچار ساگر وري بيڪران ٿي ويو . هن جي خيالن جون ڇوليون وري به وڃي ماضيءَ جي ڪنڌيءَ سان لڳيون . هن کي ماءُ جي دڙڪي ڏيڻ تي سندس ٻيو استاد ياد اچي آيو ، جيڪو کيس ”مستاني فقير“ جي ڀيٽ ۾ ”عبدالرحمان ڌاڙيل“ لڳندو هو . سندس والدين هڪ ڪڙڪ ۽ سخت استاد کي ٽيوشن لاءِ ان ڪري رکيو هو ، جو وسائيءَ پهرين استاد کان پٽيون پڙهڻ بدران هن ويچاري کي پٽيون ٻڌرايون هيون ، ان ڪري هن لاءِ هڪ اهڙي استاد جي ضرورت هئي ، جيڪو ڪي قدر هن تي سختي ڪري .

هن استاد جو اهو معمول هوندو هو  ته جڏهن کيس چانهه ڏني ويندي هئي ،تڏهن هو پاڙهڻ بدران وسائيءَ لاءِ نسورو ملان بڻجي ويندو هو . ڳالهه نصيحتن کان شروع ٿيندي هئي ۽ وصيعتن تائين پهچندي هئي.ويچاري وسائي اهو سڀ ڪجهه برداشت ڪري ويندي هئي . ليڪن هو جڏهن مرد  بڻجي ڳالهه ڪندو هو ته هوءَ پنهنجي مٿان آسمان ڪرندو محسوس ڪندي هئي . هن استاد جو اهو جملو کيس هر روز ٻڌڻو پوندو هو  ته ”مرد هڪ اڌورو اڻپورو ۽ ڀٽڪيل روح آهي ، جيڪو صدين کان وٺي پنهنجي ٻئي اڌ جي تلاش ڪندو آيو آهي . “ وسائي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن بي صبري به ٿي ويندي هئي . ۽ کيس چئي ڏيندي هئي ته ”سر ! مرد پنهنجي بهتر اڌ جي تلاش ۾ نه ، پر پوري عورت ذات جي تلاش ۾ سرگردان رهيو آهي .“ هن جي اها تلاش رشتن ۽ روپن جون سموريون حدون اورانگهي ويندي آهي. مرد،  عورت ذات جي قدمن هيٺيان جنت تلاش ڪرڻ بدران ان جي وجود ۾ پنهنجي لاءِ ”بهتر اڌ“ جي تلاش ڪندو رهندو آهي . ويچارو مرد پنهنجي جوڙيل روايتن کان مجبور آهي . هونئن نه ته جيڪر هو پنهنجي ماءُ ، ڀيڻ ۽ ڌيءَ جي رشتن ۾ به انهيءَ بهتر اڌ جي تلاش ڪندو رهي .تاريخ شاهد آهي ته ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهي روايتون به کيس اهڙي تلاش کان روڪي نه سگهيون آهن .“

وسائيءَ جون اهڙيون ڇوٽ ڳالهيون سندس استاد کي چيڙائي وجهنديون هيون . مگر کيس ”خود سر“، ”ضدي“ ۽ ”ناعاقبت انديش“ ڇوڪري چئي هو پنهنجي ڪاوڙ لڪائي ويندو هو . نه رڳو ايترو ، پر مرد هئڻ جي ناتي سان هو وسائيءَ کي انهيءَ سمجهائڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو هو ته عورت کي هر حالت ۾ مرد جي بالادستي مڃڻ گهرجي ، ڇو ته عورت ڪڏهن به مرد جي مٽ ٿي نه ٿي سگهي . اهو ئي سبب آهي ته عورتن مان ڪو به نبي ، پيغمبر يا رسول نه ٿيو . وسائي هر هجت کي رد ڪندي هئي ۽ پنهنجي استاد کي ٻڌائيندي هئي ته :” بلاشڪ عورتن مان ڪو به نبي پيغمبر نه ٿيو ، مگر ڪنهن مرد بيبي مريم وانگر اڪيلي سر نبي پيغمبر کي به جنم نه ڏنو آهي . ان کان سواءِ ائين ڪو نه آهي ته رڳو مرد بهادر ٿيندا آهن ۽ عورتون انهيءَ ڳُڻ کان وانجهيل آهن . مرد سچار ٿيندا آهن ۽ عورتون ڪونه ٿينديون . مرد وطن دوست ٿيندا آهن ۽ عورتون ڪي انهن جي برعڪس ٿينديون آهن . بس فرق صرف اهو آهي ته مرد ڪڏهن عورت جي عظمت کي تسليم نه  ڪيو آهي ۽ هن جو هر روپ لڪائي رکيو آهي . بس ، مرد ذات وٽ عورت جو ڪو روپ آهي ته ننگيءَ مورتيءَ جو  ! جنهن کي هو ڪڏهن برقعي ۾ بند ڪري ٻٽاڪ هڻندو آهي ته هن عورت کي پنهنجو صحيح مقام ڏنو آهي .“

وسائيءَ وري گهڙيال ڏي ڏٺو . ٺيڪ ساڍا چار ٿيا هئا ، هوءَ ٽپ ڏئي کٽ تان اٿي ، عورت ذات جي دکن دردن جا بادل هن جي ذهن جي آسمان تي ڀرجي آيا . هن فيصلو ڪيو ته هوءَ اڄ سر ساجن سان به هڪ هڪاڻي ڪندي . ڏهه- پندرهن منٽ هن کي تياريءَ ۾ لڳا . هوءَ هٿ منهن ڌوئي ، ڪتاب کڻي ، اچي ڪرسيءَ تي ويٺي ، ٽيبل تي هن طرف کان خالي ڪرسي رکيل هئي . استاد ساجن کي ٺيڪ پنجين وڳي اچڻو هو . هن پنهنجون ٻئي ٺوٺيون ٽيبل تي رکي ، هٿن کي پاڻ ۾ ملائي ، ان تي پنهنجي کاڏي رکي ڇڏي ، تان جو وري  سوچن جا واچوڙا هن کي ورائي ويا .

هن پڪو پهه ڪيو هو ته اڄ سر ساجن سان مرد جي ٻي شاديءَ جي مسئلي تي ڳالهائيندي . هن کي اها خبر هئي ته سندس استاد ٻهراڙيءَ جو آهي . ان ڪري اوس ئي ونيءَ وارو هوندو . پر جڏهن کانئس ٻي شاديءَ بابت پڇيو ويندو ته هن جو جواب هر حالت ۾ هيءَ ئي هوندو ته ”سندس گهر واري ڄٽي آهي ، اها شادي هن جي خواهش مطابق نه ٿي هئي ، پر سندس پيءُ – ماءُ ٻالڪپڻ ۾ هن تي مڙهي هئي ، هوءَ اعليٰ تعليم وٺي انهيءَ ڳالهه کي شدت سان محسوس ڪري رهيو آهي ته هن کي ڪو سمجهڻ وارو هجي . هن جوڪو قدر ڪرڻ وارو هجي . ۽ هن جو ڪو ذهني ساٿ ڏيڻ وارو هجي . “ اهي خيال پچائيندي ، وسائيءَ جي دل ۾ سر ساجن لاءِ پاڻ ڄاتو نفرت ٿيڻ لڳي . هوءَ پنهنجو پاڻ سان ڳالهائڻ لڳي ، چي : ”اڳيان ويا وسري ، پويان لڳا مصري ! شهر ۾ اچي هر ڪو مرد هتان جون رنگينيون ڏسي ، ايئن پيو محسوس ڪندو آهي ته ساڻس  ظلم ٿيو آهي . هن کي مٿي ۾ اڻ پڙهي ۽ عقل جي انڌي لڳي وئي آهي . هن کي ٻي شادي ڪرڻ گهرجي، نه ته هو اڌورو ۽ اڻپورو رهجي ويندو . هن کي لکيو پڙهيو ساٿي گهرجي ، جيئن گڏجي قوم جي خدمت ڪري سگهي .“ وسائيءَ ٽوڪ گاڏڙ ”هون“ ڪئي ۽ پنهنجي خيال کان هٿي ، پنهنجي ئي خيال سان ڏنائين : ”هڪ مظلوم عورت جي خدمت ڪرڻ جو به ڍنگ ڪونهي . هليا آهن مڙس سڄي قوم کي سڌارڻ ! ڪوڙا جوڳي ، ڪوڙي جوڳين ريت . مڙئي ٿيو ٻين کي بيوقوف بنائڻو  . اهڙن مڙدن کي ضمير جي به مار نه ٿي پوي . پنهنجي گهر واريءَ کي پڙهائي سيکاري پاڻ جهڙو ڪرڻ بدران هليا آهن پاڻ کي جڳ جهڙو بنائڻ !!“

هن اڃا دل کولي مرد ذات تي ڇوهه ڇنڊيا ئي ڪين ، جو دروازو کڙڪيو . هن اٿي وڃي دروازو کوليو ، جتي کيس سر ساجن جو آڌر ڀاءُ ڪيو ڪرڻو پيو . هڪ ٻئي جي کيڪار کان پوءِ ٻنهي اچي پنهنجون پنهنجون ڪرسيون والاريون . ساجن پنهنجي ٻانهن واري واچ ڏسندي ، روايتي انداز سان چيو ته :”پنج منٽ وقت کان اڳ پهتو آهيان .“ وسائيءَ طنزيه انداز سان وراڻي ڏني :”هونئن به مرد عورت کان اڳ پيدا ڪيو ويو هو . ان ڪري مرد کي نه رڳو وقت ۾  ، مگر عورت تي به اڳرائيءَ جو حق حاصل آهي .“ ساجن هن ڏانهن ڏٺو ۽ پنهنجي مسڪراهٽ جي ڍال سان وسائيءَ جو وار کائيندي به پاڻ کي بچائڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي . ليڪن وسائي ته اڄ وڄ جو پاڻي پي ويٺي هئي ، ان ڪري هن پنهنجي استاد کان سوال پڇڻ ۾ ويرم ئي ڪا نه ڪئي : ”سائين ! سمجهان ٿي ته اوهان جي شادي ٿيل هوندي ۽ اوهان کي ابي سڏڻ وارا ابهم ٻار به هوندا ، پر پوءِ هيتري تعليم وٺڻ کان پوءِ ، اوهان کي احساس نه ٿيندو آهي ڇا ته اوهان ٻي شادي به ڪريو . اهڙي عورت سان جيڪا اوهان کي سمجهي سگهي ۽ اوهان جو ساٿ ڏئي سگهي ؟“

في الحال ته سر ساجن وائڙو ٿي ويو ، پر پاڻ سنڀالي چوڻ لڳو : ” وسائي ، تون نه رڳو منهنجي ، مگر مون جهڙن الائي ڪيترن مردن جي دل وٽان ڳالهه ڪئي آهي . منهنجي خيال ۾ نه رڳو ٻي شادي ڪرڻ جو اهو به هڪ مضبوط سبب آهي ، پر اسان جو معاشرو هڪ سنگين مسئلي ۾ مبتلا ٿي ويو آهي . ان جو حلُ به اهو آهي ته مرد ٻي شادي به ڪن . مسئلو هي آهي ته آدمشماريءَ جا انگ اکر ئي بدلبا ٿا وڃن .عورتن جي آباديءَ ۾ روز بروز اضافو ٿيندو ٿو وڃي ۽ مرد گهٽبا پيا وڃن . ان کان سواءِ اسان جي قوم جا مرد هاڻي ته غيرن مان به شاديون ڪرڻ لڳا آهن  ، ان ڪري به پنهنجي عورتن سان ذيادتي ٿي رهي آهي. عورتن سان انصاف ڪرن خاطر ۽ عورت ذات کي زندگيءَ جي خوشين ڏيڻ خاطر مرد کي ٻي شادي ڪرن گهرجي .“

”پر سائين ! …….“ ۽ وسائي وڏ ڦڙي مينهن جيان وسڻ شروع ڪيو : ”عورتون ڪي مردن ڏي قرآن کڻي ته ڪو نه ٿيون وڃن ته هنن کي ونين ٿيڻ جو حق ڏنو وڃي . هونءَ به اهو ڪٿان جو انصاف آهي ته هڪ عورت جي خوشين جي باغ مان ٻوٽا پٽي ، ٻيءَ عورت جي اميدن جي چمن کي سينگاريو وڃي . ……..مرد ذات ٻيءَ شاديءَ کي پنهنجو حق سمجهي ٿو ، پر جيڪڏهن اهڙو مطالبو عورتون ڪن ته ……؟“

”نه وسائي نه ………“ سر ساجن پنهنجي طرفان صفائي پيش ڪرڻ شروع ڪئي : ”وسائي ائين ٿي ئي نه ٿو سگهي ته عورت به اهڙو مطالبو ڪري . جيڪڏهن ائين ٿئي ٿو ته معاشرو ئي بگڙجي ويندو . ملڪيت جي ورهاست ڪيئن ٿئي؟ اولاد ڪنهن جو سڏبو ۽ سڀ کان وڌيڪ ته ڪهڙو غيرت مند مرد اهو تسليم ڪندو ؟“

”سائين مٺيان نه ڀانئجو ……..“ وسائيءَ وراڻي ڏيندي چيو :”معاشري ۾ بگاڙو ان ڪري ايندو ، جو هيءُ معاشرو آهي ئي مرد –ڌڻي معاشرو . ملڪيت جو مالڪ به مرد آهي ۽ دولت جا ذريعا به هن جي گوڏي هيٺيان آهن . ان ڪري چئو ٿا ته ورهاست جا مسئلا پيدا ٿيندا . باقي رهيو اهو سوال ته اولاد ڪنهن جو سڏبو  ، تنهن لاءِ عرض آهي ته قيامت جي ڏينهن هر ڪو ماءُ جي نالي سان سڏيو ۽ اٿاريو ويندو . باقي رهي غيرت جي ڳالهه ، سو جيڪڏهن عورت ٻه شاديون ڪري ته مرد کي غيرت اچي ٿي ته اهڙي نموني سان مرد جي ٻيءَ شاديءَ تي به عورت کي غيرت ايندي آهي ، مگر هوءَ زهر جو ڍڪ ڀري ويندي آهي ، ان ڪري جو هوءَ مظلوم آهي . هوءَ خاموش ٿي ويندي آهي ، ڇو جو هن جو آواز چادر ۽ چؤديواريءَ کان ٻاهر ٻڌڻ ۾ ڪو نه ايندو آهي .“

ساجن خاموشيءَ سان ڏانهنس ڏسندو رهيو . وسائي، جيڪا جوش وچان ڳاڙهي ٿي وئي هئي، جڏهن ڪجهه ٺاپر ۾ آئي ته ساجن کي به ڳالهائڻ جو موقعو مليو :”محترمه ! مذهب ته مرد کي چئن شادين جي اجازت ڏني آهي . تون ته اجايودانهون پئي ڪرين!“ . وسائيءَ جو رتُ ٽامڻي هڻي ويو ۽ هوءَ شروع ٿي :”تنهن جو مطلب ٿيو ته هڪ مرد کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه زالون ضرور هجن . هونءَ نه ته حق ته هن جو چئن زالن تي آهي !“

مون سمجهيو هو ته مرد رڳو ”ايڪ ڏون ڏون“ جو کوڙو پڙهندا هوندا ، پر اوهان سڀئي ته ”ايڪ ڏون چار“ ڪيون ويٺا آهيو . قيامت ۾ ڀل ته ڌڻي تعاليٰ اوهان هڪ هڪ کي ستر حورون ڏئي ، ليڪن هتي اسين اهڙو انياءُ ڪرڻ نه ڏينديوسين “، ۽ پوءِ وسائي ٻار جيان اوڇنگاريون ڏئي روئڻ لڳي . هوءَ اڄ تائين روئندي رهي ٿي ۽ شايد قيامت تائين روئندي رهي .

         

لڙڪن واريون اکيون ۽ مرڪڻ وارا چهرا

 

اسان جي شاديءَ کي ڀريا ٻه سال گذري چڪا آهن . ايتري عرصي ۾ مندون ته ڇا ، پر ماڻهو به مٽجي ويندا آهن ،ليڪن هن ۾ ڪائي تبديلي ڪا نه آئي . ويتر وقت گذرڻ سان گڏ هو ڄڻ دل لاهيندو رهيو آهي . هن شاديءَ کان اڳ مون ۾ ايتري دلچسپي نه ورتي هئي ، جيترو سندس هينئر حال آهي . گهر ۾ پير پائيندو ته ائين اچي گهوريندو ڄڻ آءٌ ڪا وڃائجي وئي هيس ۽ هن وڏيءَ جاکوڙ کان پوءِ مون کي ڳولهي لڌو هجي . صبح جو ناشتو ڪري اٽيچي کڻي اچي منهنجي اڳيان بيهندو . ڄڻ آءٌ ڪا سينٽ آهيان ، جنهن کي پنهنجي جسم سان لائي پوءِ چائنٺ ڇڏيندو . ان وقت هن جو روپ ڏسڻ وٽان بڻجي پوندو آهي . مان هن جي اکين منجهان سندس اندر جو انسان ڏسي وٺندو آهيان؛ اهو انسان جيڪو شاديءَ کان اڳ به سندس نيڻن ۾ نظر ايندو هو : معصوم ، پياسو ۽ شڪر گذار !

اڄ هو جيئن ٺهي سنبري اچي منهنجي اڳيان موڪلائن لاءِ بيٺو ته آءٌ هن سان چڙي پيس . ڀلا چڙان به ڇو ؟ هن طرف گهڙيال جي گهنٽي پئي مٿو کائي ته اجها ٿي مون کي به گاڏي کڻڻ لاءِ اچي . آءٌ به ته هن وانگر گهر کي جنت بنائڻ لاءِ ملازمت جي دوزخ کي منهن ڏيندي آهيان . مون کي پنهنجي دفتر ۾ وقت تي پهچڻو پوندو آهي . اڃا ڪالهوڪي ڳالهه آهي جو دير سان پهچڻ تي ٻه ٺپيون ٻڌڻيون پيون ۽ ڏينهن جو آغاز ئي موڊ آف سان ٿيو .

ان ڪري اڄ جڏهن هو اٽيچي کڻي اچي اڳيان بيٺو ته پنهنجي ڪاوڙ روڪي نه سگهيس ۽ کيس چئي ويٺس ته :”تو ته ٻارن کان به لنگهائي کنئي آهي . مريو ڪا نه ٿي وڃان جو سڪ ۾ هنيانءُ ٿو ڦاٽئي . ڏند ڪڍي توکي الله واهي نه چيم ، تنهنجي ٽاءِ نه ٺاهيم ۽ وارن ۾ آڱريون نه ڦيرايم ته ڪهڙو آسمان ڪرندو . ڇڏ پچر ته مان به پنهنجي تياري ڪريان “

هن جي اکين ۾ لڙڪ تري آيا . هو صوفا سيٽ تي ڊهي پيو ، روئڻ لاءِ ! سڏڪا ڀرڻ لاءِ !! ڄڻ هن کان ڪنهن سڀ ڪجهه کسي ورتو هجي !! مون جيستائين پنهنجي تياري نه ڪئي ، هو اتي ئي ويٺو رهيو ، بنهه پٿر جي مورت بڻيو . مون گهڙيءَ ۾ ڏٺو اڃا ويهارو منٽ باقي هئا . انهن ويهن منٽن ۾ هن رٺل انسان جي ويهن صدين جا غم لهي پئي سگهيا ، ان ڪري اچي سندس ڀر ورتم ، هن جو ڀرجهلو ٿيڻ لاءِ ؛ هن کي آٿت ڏيڻ لاءِ ، هن کي پرچائن لاءِ ۽ پنهنجي شڪست مڃڻ لاءِ .

هن اٻاڻڪيون اکيون کڻي مون ڏانهن ڏٺو . منهنجي لؤن لؤن هن جي سڪ ۽ سچائيءَ جي ساک ڏيڻ لڳي . مون پنهنجو رومال ڪڍي هن جا گرم گرم لڙڪ اگهڻ شروع ڪيا ۽ آهستي آهستي هن پٿر جي مورتيءَ ۾ جان پوڻ لڳي . هو ڳالهائڻ لڳو :”تون ئي ته مون لاءِ سڀ ڪجهه آهين ، تون ئي ته منهنجي پناهه آهين . گهر جي چائنٺ ڇڏڻ کان اڳ چاهيندو آهيان ته تنهنجي اکين جي طلسمي تالاب مان پنهنجي وجود کي وهنجاريو وڃان ، جيئن ڪنهن جو به جادو اثر نه ڪري . مان پنهنجي اکين ۾ تنهنجي وجود کي اتارڻ چاهيندو آهيان ، جيئن دنيا ۾ توکان سواءِ ڪنهن ٻئي کي ڏسي نه سگهان . ….“ هن جي اکين ۾ وري گرم گرم لڙڪ تري آيا .

مون هن جي گردن کي پنهنجي ٻانهن جو سهارو ڏيندي کيس دلداري ڏني :”لڙڪن وارين اکين سان هر شئي ڌنڌلي نظرايندي آهي . اگهي ڇڏ انهن لڙڪن کي ، پسڻ جي ڪوشش ڪر مون کي اصلي روپ ۾ . تنهنجي لڙڪن کي ته مون انهيءَ ڏينهن مرڪن ۾ بدلايو هو ، جڏهن تو منهنجي لڙڪن مان ڀريل وجود جي مٽي ڳوهي هئي ۽ منهنجي حوالي ڪيو هئي پاڻ ته جيئن آءٌ انهن مان هڪ مڪمل مورتي جوڙي سگهان ….“ ۽ پوءِ مرجهايل مکڙي گل جيان ٻهڪي پئي هئي . هو ائين خوش نظر اچڻ لڳو ، ڄڻ صدين جي تلاش کان پوءِ کيس خزانو هٿ آيو هجي . هن پنهنجي ٻانهن ۾ ٻڌل گهڙيءَ ڏانهن ڏٺو :”او ! اٺ منٽ دير ٿي وئي .“ پوءِ تڪڙو تڪڙو گهر کان ٻاهر نڪري ويو . هن کي ويندو ڏسي مون کي ائين لڳو ، ڄڻ هن جي لؤن لؤن ٺري پئي هجي . هن کي جيوت جا سچا پچا رنگ ملي چڪا هجن .

ساجن جي ههڙي هلت ڏسي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن دنيا جي سمورن مردن لاءِ دل ۾ عزت ۽ احترام جا جذبا جاڳي پوندا آهن . ڌاڙيل ، لٽيرا ، ٺڳ ، بي ايمان ، ۽ دغا باز مردن جا سمورا گناهه ساجن جي ههڙي هلت صدقي ڌوپي ويندا آهن . جيڪڏهن يقين ايندو اٿم ته دنيا جا سڀ مرد ساجن جهڙا نه ٿيندا آهن ، پر ان ڳالهه جي به ترديد نه ٿي سگهندي آهي ته ساجن دنيا جي مردن جهڙو نه آهي . هي بنهه نرالو آهي . ماڻهن ۾ موتيءَ داڻو  .“

ساجن کي آئون ٽن سالن کان سڃاڻان ، يعنيٰ شاديءَ کان هڪ سال اڳ . مون کي اهو ڏينهن چڱيءَ طرح ياد ٿو اچي ، جڏهن هڪ مهيني جي موڪل کان پوءِ آئون پنهنجي اسڪول ڏانهن وري هيس . منهنجي سهيلين ٻڌايو هو ته اسان جي اسڪول ۾ ساجن نالي هڪ نئون استاد آيو آهي . بنهه ڄاڻ جي کاڻ ، اخلاق جو مجسمو ۽ ذهانت جو ڀنڊار . آئون جڏهن اسڪول پهتس ته هو ٽن ڏينهن جي موڪل تي ويل هو . اهي ٽئي ڏينهن مون پنهنجي سهيليءَ کي مٿو کائيندي محسوس ڪيو . مون کي محسوس ٿيندو هو ته منهنجي سهيلي پاڻ- هرتو پنهنجي خيالن جي پنجوڙ ۾ ڦاسندي پئي وڃي . هوءَ يڪ طرفو ساجن ۾ دلچسپي وٺڻ لڳي . مون کي هن جي حال کي ڏسي رحم ايندو هو . خواهش ٿيندي هيم ته پنهنجي سهيليءَ کي ڪنهن کڏ ۾ ڪرڻ کان بچايان . هڪ ڏينهن ته کيس کهرو ٿيندي چئي ڏنو هيم ته : ”مرد بي درد ٿيندا آهن . هنن کان متاثر ٿيڻ معنيٰ آهي ، پنهنجي پير تي ڪهاڙو هڻڻ .“ ليڪن منهنجي سهيلي پير ته ڇا پر پنهنجي سسيءَ تي به ڪهاڙا وهائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي نظر آئي .

نيٺ خير جا ٽي ڏينهن گذريا ، ساجن به آيو . اسٽاف روم کان ڪلاس روم تائين ، سندس شخصيت کان وٺي ڪردار تائين ، هن جي قول کان وٺي فعل تائين ، مون سندس غور ۽ فڪر سان مطالعو ڪرڻ شروع ڪيو . هٿرادو پنهنجائپ جي ڄار ۾ هو روز بروز پاڻ وڪوڙائيندو ويو . هن پنهنجي وجود جي ڪتاب کي اسان اڳيان کولڻ شروع ڪيو . هن جي زندگيءَ جو هر هڪ باب عظمتن ، نيڪ نامين ۽ چڱاين سان ڀريل نظر آيو ، سواءِ هڪ باب جي جيڪو اڌورو ۽ اڻپورو هو . سواءِ هڪ ڪهاڻيءَ جي جنهن کي هن عنوان ڏين ٿي چاهيو . هو وقت گذرڻ سان پنهنجي شخصيت کي پاڻيءَ جيان اسان اڳيان پلٽڻ لڳو، تان جو اسان کي محسوس ٿيڻ لڳو ته هن جي شخصيت جو پاڻي اسان جي پيرن کان ٿيندو دماغن جي تهن تائين پهچڻ لڳو آهي . پوءِ اسان ٻئي سهيليون ساجن جي شخصيت ، مسئلن ۽ پنهنجائپ واري روين تي بحث ڪنديون هيونسين . ساجن پنهنجي شاديءَ جي مسئلي تي حد کان وڌيڪ سنجيدو ٿي ويندو هو . هن سان همدرديءَ خاطر ساڻس انهيءَ موضوع تي خيالن جي ڏي وٺ به ٿيندي هئي، ليڪن فيصلي جي ڇڙي منهنجي هٿن ۾ هوندي هئي . جنهن سان آئون ڪنهن به وهم گمان کي نه رڳو پنهنجي، پر پنهنجي سهيليءَ جي ذهن تائين به پهچڻ ڪا نه ڏيندي هيس . ڪنهن عرصي کان پوءِ ساجن اسان لاءِ ڪا ڳجهارت نه رهيو هو . مون کي ياد ٿو پوي ته هو چوندو هو ته :”مان انهيءَ پناهه جو تلاشي آهيان. اهڙي پناهه جيڪا منهنجي گناهن کي باهه بڻجي ساڙي ڇڏي ۽ پاڻي بڻجي منهنجي صلاحيتن جي سائي سلي کي سدابهار ٻوٽو بڻائي . هو چوندو هو ته اڌوري ۽ اڻپوري هئڻ جي باوجود هن سالن تائين پنهنجي ضرورتن ۽ پاڻ کي پنهنجي خول ۾ بند ڪري رکيو هو . انهيءَ وهم گمان ۽ شڪ جي نالي ۾ ته هن کي بنهه هن جهڙو اڌ نه ملندو . هن تي ڪو به رحم ڪري کيس پناهه نه ڏيندو ۽ هن جي اڌوري وجود کي ڪو به مڪمل نه ڪندو .

هو اسان جي اڳيان ائين پاڻ وکيري ڇڏيندو هو ، ڄڻ پنهنجي خول کان ٻاهر نڪري آيو هجي . ڄڻ کيس ڪٿي اميد جو ڪرڻو نظر آيو هجي . هن جي سنجيدگي انهيءَ حقيقت جي تصديق ڪندي هئي ته واقعي هو اڌورو يا اڻپورو آهي . هو مڪمل ٿيڻ ٿو چاهي . هن کي پناهه گهرجي اهڙي وجود جي ، جيڪو هن جهڙو هجي . اهو وجود ، جنهن جي تلاش ۾ ڄڻ هن صديون گذاريون هجن . اهو وجود جنهن لاءِ هن پنهنجيون سموريون محبتون ، حسرتون ۽ خواهشون سالن کان امانت طور سانڍي رکيون هجن .

ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ساجن جا اهڙا سر ٻڌي ڏاڍي مٺيان به لڳندي هئي . هن سان ، هن جي سمورين خوبين ۽ صلاحيتن جي باوجود نفرت ٿيڻ لڳندي هئي . نفرت ٿيڻ لڳندي هئي هر مرد سان ۽ مرد جي نالي سان . جڙي ايندو هو ته هن کي اهڙيون ٻه – ٺپيون ٻڌائجن جو هميشه لاءِ پنهنجي زبان تي تالو لڳائي ڇڏي . مگر اڻڄاتو هن کي معاف ڪرڻو پوندو هو . بي سبب زهر جو ڍڪ ڀرڻو پوندو هو . مگر منهنجي اها خاموشي دامن ۾ هزارين طوفان کڻي آئي . هو هر روز سنجيدو ٿيندو ويو .تڏهن مون محسوس ڪيو ته هو مون ۾ دلچسپي وٺي رهيو آهي . جيتوڻيڪ هن تي ڪاوڙ به ايندي هئي ، مگر آءٌ ساڻس اڻڄاتل همدردي ڪرڻ کان سواءِ به رهي ڪانه سگهندي هيس . شايد ان ڪري جو هن جي سنجيدگيءَ تي يقين ٿيڻ لڳو هو ۽ وقت گذرڻ سان گڏ پنهنجي انهيءَ نه ڪيل گناهه جو احساس ٿيڻ لڳو هو ته انهيءَ انسان جو وجود شايد منهنجي ئي هٿان ڀور ڀور ٿيڻ لڳو آهي ، جنهن کي منهنجي سهيلي اڏول ۽ مضبوط سمجهندي هئي . جيڪو خود پنهنجي لاءِ پاڻ به چوندو هو ته جبل جيان سخت هوندي به آءٌ واري وانگر وکرڻ لڳو آهيان .

ايڏن طوفانن آئي به هر ڪو پنهنجيءَ جاءِ تي اڏول رهيو ، ليڪن هڪ ڏينهن واقعي ٿرٿلو آيو . اهڙو زلزلو آيو جو اسان سمورن جي اصولن ۽ عقيدن جي ڌرتي ڌٻي پئي . هو ٻارن جيان بي قابو ٿي ويو . هن جي دل زبا ن بڻجي وئي . هن ائين ڏک ڏني ڄڻ شڪست مڃي هن پنهنجي وکريل وجود کي سميٽڻ جو فيصلو ڪيو هجيس . ڄڻ نا اميديءَ جي تيز هوا . هن جي اندر واري آزاد ٿيل انسان کي وري پنهنجي ذات جي خول طرف ڌوڪڻ شروع ڪيو هجي . هن جي اندر واري انسان ڄڻ ٻارن جيان ضد ڪري نراسائيءَ مان جان ڇڏائي ، ڪنهن پناهه طرف تاڻيندو هجي . ڪنهن وجود کي ائين ٽڪرا ٽڪرا ٿيندي ، ڪنهن انسان کي پنهنجي ذات جي خول سان نفرت ڪندي ۽ ڪنهن انسان کي مضبوط پناهه جي تلاش ۾ ائين سرگردان ٿيندي مون پنهنجي زندگيءَ ۾ پهريون دفعو ڏٺو . کيس ههڙي حالت ۾ ڏسي مون کي هن سان همدردي ٿيڻ لڳي ۽ منهنجي پٿر جهڙي دل به پاڻي ٿي پئي ۽ اهو پاڻي منهنجو اکيون به روڪي نه سگهيون . مون لڙڪن جي اها راند ته همدرديءَ ۾ ڪئي هئي ، ليڪن منهنجي هڪ هڪ لڙڪ مان هن اڻ پڇيو ۽ اڻ ٻڌايو پنهنجي وکريل ۽ ڀريل وجود کي ڳوهڻ شروع ڪيو ، تان جو اهو وقت به آيو جو هن انهيءَ مٽيءَ مان هڪ مورتي جوڙي راس ڪئي . اها مورتي جيڪا پوءِ به اڌوري هئي ، جنهن کي هڪ مڪمل روح جي ضرورت هئي ۽ جنهن کي وري ڊهندو ۽ ڀور ڀور ٿيندو ڏسڻ لاءِ ڪنهن کي به همت ڪا نه هئي .

پوءِ اها بي روح ۽ منتظر مورتي ڏينهن جا ڏينهن اکين آڏو رهي . چپ چاپ ۽ خاموش . تان جو مون پاڻ اڳتي وڌي هن ۾ روح ڦوڪيو . وري وري ڊهڻ کان کيس بچائي ورتو . هن بي جان مورتيءَ ۾ جان پيدا ڪيم ۽ هو جيئرو جاڳندو انسان بڻجي پيو . مخلص ، بي لوث ۽ شڪر گذار انسان .

اهو ساڳيو ئي انسان هر روز ۽ هر صبح گهر جي چائنٺ ڇڏڻ کان اڳ لڙڪن جي راند سان پٿر جي مورتي ۽ مرڪن جي راند سان ٻهڪندڙ گلاب بڻجي ويندو آهي . هن کي ڏسي سوچيندي آهيان ته جيڪڏهن دنيا جي هر هڪ انسان کي ساجن جيان پناهه جي جاءِ ملي وڃي، دنيا جو هر هڪ مرد ساجن جيان مڪمل ۽ ڪامل بڻجي وڃي ته انسانيت جي چهري تان اڻ ڳڻين گناهن جا داغ ائين مٽجي وڃڻ لڳن ، جيئن جبل جي چوٽيءَ تان پيل برف سج جي گرميءَ ۾ ڳرندي ۽ پگهربي رهندي آهي . پر لڙڪن واريون اکيون ۽ مرڪڻ وارا چهرا انسان ڪٿان آڻي ؟

 

چم پرين

تنهن ڏينهن مون ائين ٿي ڄاتو ته نيٺ گونگي پاڻيءَ رنگ ڏيکاريا ۽ حور ٻڏي وئي . مان ائين ٿي سوچيو ته مرد جي روايتي دوکي واري فطرت جي وري تصديق ٿي وئي . مان منير لاءِ ڇا ڇا ٿي سوچيو . ان ۾ منهنجو به ڪهڙو ڏوهه . ڀلا جتي اٺ پهر چاهت کي چکيا تي چاڙهيو وڃي ٿو . جنهن معاشري ۾ عورت کي اڪ جي ماکي ڄاتو ٿو وڃي ، ۽ جنهن دنيا ۾ مرد اکيون پٽيندي ئي فرهاد جو پيءُ ۽ مجنون جون نانو بڻجي وڃي ٿو …….۽ سڀ کان وڌيڪ جتي عورت جهڙي ٻالي ڀولي شئي نه ڳولهي به لڀي پوي . تڏهن مون کي به غلط فهمي ڇو نه ٿئي .

ائين نه هو ، مون کان غلطي ٿي وئي . حقيقت ۾ هڪ دفعو الفت جو الٽو صحيفو پڙهيو ويو . وري هڪ اڻ ٿيڻي ٿي پئي . وري هڪ دفعو عورت پنهنجي روايتي قربانيءَ کان ڪنڌ ڪڍرايو . چريءَ حور پاڻ کي چم پرين ثابت ڪيو .

پنهنجي پيرن تي ڪهاڙا هڻي ها ته ٺهي پيو ، پر هنئين اصولن کان ڇو اکيون ٻوٽيائين. ڪهڙي خبر ته ٻه اکر پيٽ ۾ وجهي ، ڪنهن کي پيٽ ئي ڪو نه ڏيندي . چنڊي جيڪڏهن اڳ ۾ اونت ڏئي ها ته گهٽ ۾ گهٽ عورتپڻي جو نڪ هنئين ته نه وڍجي ها . آءٌ کيس ايئن ڪرڻ نه ڏيان ها . ڇا سمجهندو منير .

وقت وقت جي ڳالهه آهي . اهو به وقت هو جو ڪئمپس جي وڻن جون ٽاريون به نمي نمي هنن جون ڳالهيون ٻڌنديون هيون . ماڻهن جون اکيون ۽ آڱريون هن جوڙي تي کتل هونديون هيون  . کيس منير کان سواءِ ماني گرهه به ڪو نه اڪلندو هو . جڳ جهلي پر هيءَ پاڻ نه پلي . لک کي به ڪک ڪري ڄاڻندي هئي . پر هاڻي وڃي ڪک تي پير پيس . ڪاريءَ کاڌي ڪنهن جاءِ جي . حور سِپَ نه هئي . پر ڪو سَپُ هئي ، منير جي محبت ۽ خلوص واري مينهن موتي نه پر زهر پيدا ڪيو .

نڀاڳيءَ نيٺ اڄ ڦاٽ کاڌو ، چي :”اٺا مينهان دا ڪيها ميلا؟ هو چرن جهنگ ، هو چرن ٻيلا“ ……… مان ته پنهنجي وسان ڪين گهٽايو ڪيتروئي سمجهايومانس ته منير تون ۽ مان گڏو گڏي ناهيون  جو هنئين حقيقتون وساري ويهون . ڀلا مان ڪيستائين ٿي انتظار ڪري سگهيس . هڪ هڪاڻي ڪرڻي هئي . سا نيٺ ڪيم . حور کي جي ڇنڻي هئي ته ننهن سان به ڇني ٿي سگهي ، ڪاتي وهائڻ جو ڪهڙو ڪم هيس .

منير کي آءٌ ڏيڍ سال کان سڃاڻان . ابتدائي ڏهاڙي ۾ سڄي يونيورسٽيءَ مان هن ويچاري مسڪينن تي ڪنهن جي به اک ڪا نه ٻڌندي هئي . ڪلاس روم مان نڪري وڃي لائبريري ۾ پوندو هو ، ۽ اتان اٿي وڃي ڪوٺي ۾ پوربو هو . سياري جي سج جيان وڃي ٻن پهرن جو تاءُ ڪيائين . امتحان ٿيا ته سڀني جون اکيون کليون . سڀني کڻي مبارڪن جا جهول ڀري ڏنس . سڄيءَ سنڌ ۾ پهريون نمبر آيو . پهرين سال هي ڪتابن جو ڪيڙو سڏبو هو ۽ هن سال اسان سڀئي هنجا ڪيڙا ٿي پيا هياسين . ڪلاس ۾ ڪا ڳالهه نه سمجهيسين ته لان ۾ وڃي منير کان پڇبو هو . ان هوندي به مان هن جي ايترو ويجهو نه ويس  . الائي ڇو مون کي منير گونگو پاڻي لڳندو هو . مون کي هن مان ڊپُ ٿيندو هو . هن به وري ڪڏهن مون ۾ ايتري دلچسپي ڪا نه ورتي .

ڪجهه وقت اڳ جڏهن ”لطيف ڊي“ ٿي ملهايوسين . سڀئي ڪم ۾ رڌل هئا ، مان ۽ حور اڪيليون اسٽيج سينگاري رهيون هيونسين . ٻئي اسان کان گهڻو پري هئا منير به هٿن ۾ لغڙن جو بنڊل کڻي اچي اڳيان بيٺو . هيانءُ ئي ڏڪي ويو ، سمجهيم ته ڄاڻ ٿو غريب گن ڪري . چوڻ لڳو :”حور لغڙيون منجهي پيون آهن ، ٿوري مدد ڪيو .“ مان ڇڙٻيندي چيو مانس :”سُٽ ته ڪو نه منجهيو ٿي جو کڻي آيو آهين .“ مون چيو ته منير کي پر مٺيان لڳي حور کي ، چيائين : ”ويچاري جون لغڙيون منجهيون آهن ، پر تنهنجون ڇو متيون منجهي ويون .“مون موٽ ئي ڪا نه ڏني ته هوءَ وڃي ساڻس لغڙيون کولڻ بيٺي . منهن ۾ گهنڊ وڌم پر پرواهه ٻنهي ڪا نه ڪئي .

تنهن وقت ته سن کائي ويس ، پر گهر موٽيوسين ته حور کان اڳيان پويان پلاند ورتم . پر هن وٺُ ئي ڪانه ڏني . الٽو آڪڙجي چوڻ لڳي :”زمانو گهڻو اڳتي وڌي چڪو آهي ، تون آهين جو ……..“ مون کيس جملو پورو ڪرڻ نه ڏنو ۽ چيم :”گداڙيءَ کي کڻي موت ته ڀنگن جا گهر تاڙي .“ فلڪ ئي ڪانه ڀريائين . ويتر ايئن ڏک ڏيڻ لڳي ڄڻ ڪوٽ کٽي آئي آهي .

سڀاڻو ٿيو ته منير سان ڪلهو ڪلهي ۾ ملائي وڃي مهمانن جي اڳ تي بيٺي . سوچيم ڇڏ منڊي کي واريءَ ۾ . پر آءٌ کيس ائين به ته ڇڏي نٿي سگهيس . ڇو ته هوءَ نه رڳو منهنجي ساهيڙي هئي بلڪ ماسات به . هو وقت گذرڻ سان گڏ اڳتي وڌندا رهيا، زماني جي رواجي روايتن جا بند ٽٽندا رهيا ، ۽ مان پاڇي جيان سندن پيڇو ڪندي رهيس . ڪڏهن به ٻنهي کي انت بحر نه ڏنم . جڏهن ڏٺم ته پاڻي مٿي کان چڙهندو پيو وڃي ته پوءِ پري رهڻ مناسب نه ڄاتم . اڳي هو ٻه هوندا هئا ، ۽ هاڻي ٽين آءٌ به گڏي مان . ڪلاس روم ۾ ، لان ۾ ، ۽ ڪيفي ٽريا ۾ مطلب ته مون کين ڪڏهن به اڪيلي ٿيڻ  جو موقعو نه ڏنو .

مون کي اها ڄاڻ نه هئي ته منهنجيون چوڪسي ڪندڙ اکيون به ڪڏهن منير تي لاٽونءَ وانگي ٽڪ ٻڌي بيهي رهنديون . مون ته آئيني کان سواءِ ڪٿي به پنهنجو عڪس نه ڏٺو هو ، پر پوءِ منير جون اکيون مون لاءِ آرسيون ٿي پيون . انهن ۾ پنهنجي جيئري جاڳندي جيو جا عڪس نظر اچڻ لڳا .

اڃا منافقيءَ وارو زمانو هو ، هن تي ڪوڙو ڪلمو پڙهيو هيم . هڪ دفعي اس کائڻ لاءِ ٻاري ۾ ويٺا هياسين . حور ڪلاس ۾ هئي . منير ڪئنٽين مان چانهه کڻڻ ويو . الائي ڇو اندر واري چور منير جي ڊائري کولڻ تي مجبور ڪيو . ڊائري کوليم ته هڪ صفحي تي اکيون کپي ويون . مون پڙهن شروع ڪيو : ”نيٺ هوءَ اڄ رات کڙڪيءَ کان اچي بيٺي ، مان ته پنهنجي پڙهڻ ۾ پورو هيس . مون کي ڪهڙي خبر ته هن سانتيڪي وقت به هن جي اندر ۾ آنڌ مانڌ هوندي . دريءَ جي آواز منهنجا ڪن کڙا ڪيا ۽ هن منهن کوليو :”ڪتابن جا ڪيڙا انهن مڙدن ورقن ۾ ڇا رکيو اٿئي ؟ مان به ته فطرت جو هڪ کليل ڪتاب آهيان ، مون کي ڇو نٿو پڙهين؟“ ڪتاب مان اکيون ڪڍي ڏانهنس ڏٺم . فطرت جو حسين شاهڪار پئي لڳي ……. وار ڄڻ ڪاري گهٽا ، شرابي اکيون ، ڳٽول ڳل ، انهن کان ويتر چپ . ڏند ڄڻ موتيءَ جا داڻا ! کيس نهن کان وٺي چوٽيءَ تائين ڏٺم ۽ دانهن نڪري وئي : ”ڪاش ايترو تنگ دل هجان ها جو رڳو توسان ئي پيار ڪيان ها .“ اکيون ڦيرائي ڪتاب ۾ اٽڪائي ڇڏيم . هوءَ نراس ٿي موٽي وئي . “

منير کي ايندو ڏسي مون جلديءَ ۾ سندس ڊائري ٺپي ڇڏي . هو منهنجي اٻهرائيءَ مان اندازو لڳائي ويو ۽ چيائين :”ڇا ٿي پڙهيئه جنت ؟“ مون کيس جواب نه ڏنو . منير به چپ ٿي ويو . ٻئي چانهه پيئڻ ۾ لڳي وياسين . ياد نه ٿو پوي هن ڪو ٻيو موضوع ڇيڙيو هو . پر جيئن ته آءٌ ڊائريءَ جي ورق ۾ غرق هيس ، ان ڪري کيس ”هان ، هون“ کان سواءِ ڪا به موٽ نه ڏيندي رهيس .آخرڪار منير منهن کوليو :”هيڏي ساري جنت ڊائريءَ جي ننڍڙي صفحي ۾ گم ٿي وئي .“ طنزيه جملو ٻڌي هوش سنڀالي ورتم ، مگر ڄڻ چور پڪڙجي پيو .

منير ڊائري هٿ ۾ ڏيندي چيو :”کولي ڏيکار ڪهڙو صفحو ٿي پڙهيئه ؟“ سوچيم انڌو گهري هڪ اک پر ملنس ٿيون ٻئي . مون به نه ڪئي هم نه تم . ساڳيو صفحو کولي کڻي هٿ ۾ ڏنو مانس . منير هڪ نظر صفحي تي وڌي ۽ پوءِ مون ڏي ڏسي مشڪڻ لڳو . مان ان اڳيان ڄڻ سوال بڻجي ويهي رهيس .منير ڊائري بند ڪري چانهه پيئڻ ۾ لڳي ويو . مگر مون دل ٻڌي ڳالهه کي چوريو :”آخر هوءَ ڪيستائين نراس ٿي پئي موٽندي؟“ هن جي منهن ۾ سنجيدگي اچي وئي ، نرڙ ۾ ٿورو گهنج وجهندي چيائين:”جيستائين ڪو غريب نراس ٿي سگهي ٿو.“ مون کيس وڌيڪ چورڻ لاءِ چيو:”اوهان جو مطلب نه سمجيم.“ ۽ هو شروع ٿيو :

”اڄ ٿورورئي ، اوهان ته صدين کان وٺي مطلب نه پيا سمجهندا اچو….ٿڌو ساهه کڻي وري چيائين :”جي دنيا وارا اسان جو مطلب نه سمجهن ها ته هوند اڄ هي ساري دنيا دلهن جيان نه سينگارجي وڃي ها .“ منير جي اڳ به خبر هيم ته هو نظرياتي ماڻهو آهي . جڏهن به کيس دوستن سان ڳالهائيندي ٻڌو هيم ته غريب ۽ مظلوم عوام ئي سندس موضوع هوندو هو . هو چپ رهندو هو ته اندر جا اڌما پيا اٿلون کائيندا هئا .

مون کي ڄڻ موقعو ملي ويو . هن جي انت لهڻ جو  کڻي پڪو پهه ڪيم . ان ڪري ڀالي ڀولي ٿيندي چيم :”منير ماڻهو اشارن ۽ ڪتابن ۾ ڇو ڳالهائي ……صاف کڻي ڇو نه ٻڌائين .“

ڄڻ سندس جذبن جي درياهه کي کنڊ لڳي ويو: ”جنت ! تنهنجي ماسات حور چري آهي، پاڳل آهي . هن ۽ مون ۾ زمين آسمان جو فرق آهي . هوءَ چم پرين آ ، ۽ منهنجو انهيءَ عقيدي ۾ ايمان ڪونهي .“

مون ڳالهه کي وڌيڪ کولڻ لاءِ چيو: ”منير پيار جي موٽ پيار سان ڏبي آهي ۽ چاهت جي موٽ چاهت سان .“

ڄڻ باهه وٺي ويس :”پيار ، پيار ……ڪو پيار جي وڪالت سکي ته اوهان کان . ائين پيا ڏک ڏيندا ڄڻ پيار جا ٺيڪيدار ئي اوهان آهيو . اوهان پيار آخر چئو ڇا کي ٿا ؟“

مون کيس وائڙن جيان چيو ”پيار ڇا کي ٿا چئون ؟ “ چيائين، ”انهيءَ کي جنهن سسئيءَ کي رڻ ۾ رلهيو ، سهڻيءَ کي درياهه ۾ ٻوڙيو ۽ مومل کي ڏاگهه تي چاڙهيو . ان کي ٿا اوهان پيار چئو نه ؟ مان اهڙي پيار کي ڪو نه ٿو مڃان .“

”ڀلا اوهان ڪهڙي پيار کي ٿا مڃو؟“ مون وضاحت پڇي .

جواب ڏنائين :”جنت ، پيار حسن سان ڪيو ويندو آهي ، ۽ حسن وري ٽن قسمن جو ٿئي ٿو : طبعي حسن، جسماني حسن، ۽ نظرياتي حسن . ماڻهو جڏهن طبعي يا فطرتي حسن سان پيار ڪري ٿو ته وطن جي جهنگ جهر ، مال وٿاڻ ، نديءَ ڪسيءَ ۽ وڻ ٽڻ جو عاشق سڏجي ٿو . ڪوئي جڏهن نظرياتي حسن سان پيار ڪري ٿو ته ڌرتي ۽ ڌرتيءَ وارا هن جو محبوب بڻجي وڃن ٿا ۽ ماڻهو جڏهن جسماني حسن سان پيار ڪري ٿو  ته پوءَ ڪڏهن فرهاد بڻجي پنهنجو مٿو ٿو ڦاڙائي ته ڪڏهن قيس بڻجي مجنون ٿو ٿئي . جسماني حسن ماڻهوءَ کي خود غرض ، مفاد پرست ۽ تنگ دل ٿو بڻائي ………مان ايترو تنگ دل ناهيان .“

آءٌ چپ ڪري سندس فلسفو ٻڌندي رهيس  ۽ هو ساهي کڻي وري چوڻ لڳو . پيار تي تسبيحون پڙهندڙن کي اهو ياد رکڻ گهرجي ته نفرت به اوترو ئي عظيم جذبو آهي جيترو پيار . حقيقت ۾ اها نفرت آهي جا عظيم پيار کي جنم ڏئي ٿي . غريب سان سچي محبت ڪرڻ لاءِ اميرن کي ڌڪارڻو ئي پوندو . ڌرتيءَ سان محبت ڪرڻ لاءِ غدارن کي ڌڪارڻو ئي پوندو .نفرت ۽ محبت شخصيت جا لازمي جزبا آهن ، ٻنهي کي هڪ ئي وقت کڻڻو پوي ٿو ۽ نه ڌار ڌار .“

”پر ،حور توسان پيار ڪري ٿي . هن تنهنجي ڪري ڪيترن سان نفرت ڪئي آهي ……“ مون ڳالهه کي موڙيندي چيو . منير ڄڻ ڳاڙهو ٿي ويو ۽ ڀڀڪندي چيائين : اهو نسورو ڪوڙ آهي . هوءَ چم پرين آهي . هوءَ جسماني حسن جي مريض آهي . مان رڳو گوشت جو ٽڪرو ناهيان ، مون کان وڌيڪ منهنجا نظريا اهميت رکن ٿا . اهي مون کان اڳ ۾ توجهه لهڻن ٿا . جنت ، تون ٿي چئين ته هوءَ محبت ڪري ٿي؟ظلم ٿي ڪرين . هوءَ ڪٿي ٿي پيار ڪري ؟ حور ته مون کان اٽي تي اٽو ٿي وٺي . هوءَ هڪ هٿ سان ڏئي ٻنهي هٿن سان وٺڻ ٿي گهري . محبت ئي سهي ، پر محبت ته انهيءَ کي ته نه چئبو آهي . محبت ته قربانيءَ جو نالو آهي ، محبت ته غير مشروط ۽ هڪ طرفو جذبو آهي …….. مون کان وڌيڪ ڪير ٿو محبت ڪري . مان ته اهڙي محبوب جو انتخاب ڪيو آهي ، جو کيس به خبر ڪونهي . بس يار ليکي نه ليکي اسان يار جي ليکي آهيون نه ! “

گهڙيءَ لاءِ ٻئي چپ ٿي ويا سين .پوءِ  وري منير منهن کوليو : ”جنت تون سياڻي آهين ، کيس سمجهاءِ . هوءَ مونکي ايترو تنگ دل نه سمجهي …… مان هڪ هنڌ تي ڳنڍ ٻڌي بيهي ڪو نه رهندس. …. هيءَ پوري دنيا حسين هئي ، اسان جي ابن ڏاڏن کان وٺي هن معاشري ، هن دنيا جي ٻهڪندڙ چهري تي رنگ ، نسل ، ذات پات ، ۽ ننڍ وڏائيءَ جا ڪارا ڪارا ليڪا پئي پاتا آهن . مان اهي ميٽي پوري دنيا سان پيار ڪرڻ گهران ٿو .“

 ڏينهن کان وٺي منير مون کي شاگرد کان وڌيڪ فيلسوف ۽ عام ماڻهوءَ کان وڌيڪ آدرش لڳندو هو . انهيءَ ملاقات منهنجن ڪيترن ئي مفروضن تي منڌيئڙا گهمائي ڇڏيا . انهيءَ گڏجاڻيءَ بعد ئي مونکي پتو پيو ته ساجد ڪيڏو نه ڪوڙ ڳالهائيندو هو . ساجد هن لاءِ ايامن کان ڪات ڪهاڙا تکا ڪري رکيا هئا . اهو ساجد ئي هو جو جنهن منهنجي معصوم دل ۾ منير خلاف نفرت جو ٻج پوکيو هو . جيئن جيئن منير جي آدرشي شخصيت وئي ٿي شاگردن تي اثر ڪندي تيئن تيئن ساجد ويو ٿي گهٽ گهيڙيندو  . حور جي چار چشمي به ويتر کيس وڌيڪ گرم ڪري ڇڏيو هو . سر حيدر به ڪيترا دفعا حور کي شاديءَ جي آفر ڏني هئي . ڳالهه مان جڏهن ڳالهوڙو بڻجي ويو ته حور سندس پيرڊ اٽينڊ ڪرڻ بند ڪري ڇڏيا ، ۽ اها ليٽ وري منير ڀريندو هو . سر حيدر ۽ ساجد مِٺي به ماٺ ۽ مُٺي به ماٺ ڪري پيا ڀوڳيندا هئا . سندن وس ڪو نه هلندو هو . ڇو ته وڇ ڪڏي ڪلي آهر .

منير جي آدرشي شخصيت ۽ سندس ڪردار منهنجي من ۾ سراپ جيان واسو ڪندا ويا . هن اڻڄاتل تبديليءَ مون کان مرڪون ئي کسي ورتيون  ، آءٌ پاڻ لاءِ ائين ڄاڻڻ لڳس ته منهنجو وجود مون لاءِ ناهي ، آءٌ ته غريبن جو سهارو آهيان ۽ مظلومن جو ورثو آهيان . پنهنجي اندر وارين اکين سان آهستي آهستي ذات پات رنگ نسل جا کوپا ڪرندي ڏٺم . ذهن جي زمين ۾ طبقاتي ڇڪتاڻ جو ٻوٽو وڌي وڻ ٿيڻ لڳو . مان منير کي پنهنجي پوري دنيا جو ورثو ڄاڻڻ لڳم . منير پاڻ غريب هو پر سندس اصول ۽ آدرش امير هئا . مون کيس ، ڪيترائي دفعا مالي مدد ڪرڻ جي آڇ ڪئي پر هو ته رپئي راند ئي ڪو نه ڄاڻندو هو . هر دفعي ائين چوندو هو ته هن دنيا ۾ آءٌ اڪيلو ئي غريب ناهيان، جو منهنجي ٿيون مدد ڪيو . اوهان ڪيستائين اسان کي اهي پن جا ٽڪر پيٽ ۾ وجهندا رهندؤ . جڏهن آءٌ چڙي ويندي هيس ته هو سنجيدگيءَ سان سمجهائيندو هيو ته : ”جنت ! هر ڪو ماءُ پيٽان هٿين خالي اچي ٿو ، هن ڌرتيءَ جي دولت ۽ نعمت سڀني جي گڏيل ميراث آهي . امير ماڻهو ڪو پنهنجي ڀاڳ ۽ بخت جي پٽي هٿ ۾ کنيون نٿا اچن .“

مون ڪيترن ڏينهن کان يونيورسٽيءَ جو منهن به نه ڪيو هو . بيماريءَ اچي ڀر ورتي هئي . تنهن شام حور منهن سڄائي اچي ويٺي . جيءُ خوش ته جهان خوش سو مون کيس اڳتي وڌڻ ئي ڪو نه ڏنو ۽ اٿندي ويل جملو ڪسيون وئي :”سچ پئي چوين ته ڍنگهرن تي اٽو پئي هاريان ، ٿيو به ائين .“ مون کيس ڪو اتر ڪو نه ڏنو هو . وري هوءَ ورندي شام جو پڇڻ آئي . اڻ پڇيو اچي کلي :”پلئه نه ورتومانس ته منهنجو نالو حور ناهي .“ امڙ اچي نڪتي ان ڪري وڌيڪ ڳالهائي نه سگهي . مگر منهنجي من ۾ اچي آنڌ مانڌ پئي . ائين پئي سوچڻ لڳس ته متان گونگي پاڻي رنگ ڏيکاريا ۽ حور ٻڏي وئي . مان ائين سوچڻ لڳس ته مرد جي روايتي دوکي واري فطرت جي وري تصديق ٿي وئي ۽ منير منهنجي غير حاضريءَ جو  ڪو ڀرپور فائدو ورتو آهي .

مان منير لاءِ ڇا ڇا نٿي سوچيو ! ان ۾ منهنجو به ڪهڙو ڏوهه هو . ڀلا جتي اٺ ئي پهر چاهت کي چکيا تي چاڙهيو وڃي ٿو ، جنهن معاشري ۾ عورت کي اڪ جي ماکي ڄاتو وڃي ٿو، ۽ جنهن ماحول ۾ نت نون طريقن سان عورت جو استحصال ڪيو وڃي ٿو . تڏهن مون کي به غلط فهمي ڇو نه ٿئي .

مان انهيءَ آنڌ مانڌ ۾ غرق هيس. بيماري به مهلت نه پئي ڏني ته وڃي يونيورسٽيءَ ۾ ڏسان ته مامرو ڪهڙو مچي ويو آهي . حور ته الائي ڪهڙي طرف ڀينڊ اڇلائي وئي هئي . اڄ ٻپهري اچي منهن ڪڍيائين . ڏاڍي خوش پئي ڏسجي ، ڄڻ ڪوٽ کٽي آئي هئي . نڀاڳيءَ نيٺ اڄ ڦاٽ کاڌو ، چي : ”اٺا مينها دا ڪيها ميلا؟ هو چرن جهنگ ، هو چرن ٻيلا …….مان ته پنهنجي وسان ڪين گهٽايو ڪيتروئي سمهجهايومانس ته منير تون ۽ مان گڏو گڏي ناهيون جو هينئن حقيقتون وساري ويهون ڀلا مان ڪيستائين ٿي سندس انتظار ڪري سگهيس . هڪ هڪاڻي ڪرڻ هئي سا نيٺ ڪيم .“

پڇيومانس ته آخر ڳالهه ڇاهي ؟ چيائين :”منهنجو سر حيدر سان مڱڻو ۽ منير جي يونيورسٽيءَ کان نيڪالي .“

”مون ڳالهه نه سمجهي آخر چئين ڇا ٿي ؟“ مون وضاحت طلب ڪئي .

چيائين :”جي ، ها . ڇا ياد ڪندو . هن ڪڏهن عورت جي نفرت نه ڏٺي هئي .“

”ڪو ڏوهه ڪيائين ڇا ؟“ مون وڌيڪ اٻهرائي ۾ پڇيو .

محبت جو جواب محبت سان ڏجي ، ان کان وڌيڪ ٻيو ڪهڙو ڏوهه ؟ وڃي ڀوڳي ته ڪل پويس .“ حور وڏي فخر سان چيو .

توکي منهن نه ڏنائين نه ، پر يونيورسٽيءَ وارن جون ڪهڙيون ٻليون ماريائين ؟“ مون شڪايت ڪندي چيو .

”نئشنلسٽ ۽ ڪميونسٽ ماڻهن جي يونيورسٽيءَ ۾ ڪهڙي گنجائش ؟“ حور ائين جواب ڏنو ڄڻ يونيورسٽي ئي سندس هئي .

”چئبو اها مهرباني سر حيدر ڪيس ؟ مون چڙ ۾ پڇيو .

چيائين :”ظاهر آ ……پر سجاد ۽ حور به ته اهميت رکن ٿا يا نه ؟“

”او چم پرين حور نسورو قهر ڪيئه .“ مون کان دانهن نڪري وئي .