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  • Simon Commission

    SIMON COMMISSION

     

    The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform in that colony. It was commonly referred to as the Simon Commission after its chairman, Sir John Simon. One of its members was Clement Attlee, who subsequently became the British Prime Minister who would oversee the granting of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947.
    Members of the Commission

    • Sir John Simon (chairman)
    • Clement Attlee
    • Harry Levy-Lawson, 1st Viscount Burnham
    • Edward Cadogan
    • Vernon Hartshorn
    • George Lane-Fox

    Background: The Government of India Act 1919 had introduced the system ofdyarchy to govern the provinces of British India. However, the Indian public clamoured for revision of the difficult dyarchy form of government, and the Government of India Act 1919 itself stated that a commission would be appointed after 10 years to investigate the progress of the governance scheme and suggest new steps for reform. In the late 1920s, the Conservative government then in power in Britain feared imminent electoral defeat at the hands of the Labour Party, and also feared the effects of the consequent transference of control of India to such an “inexperienced” body. Hence, it appointed seven MPs (including Chairman Simon) to constitute the commission that had been promised in 1919 that would look into the state of Indian constitutional affairs. The people of the Indian subcontinent were outraged and insulted, as the Simon Commission, which was to determine the future of India, did not include a single Indian member in it. The Indian National Congress, at its December 1927 meeting in Madras (now Chennai), resolved to boycott the Commission and challenge Lord Birkenhead, the Secretary of State for India, to draft a constitution that would be acceptable to the Indian populace. A faction of the Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, also decided to boycott the Commission. An All-India Committee for Cooperation with the Simon Commission was established by the Council of India and by selection by the Viceroy The Lord Irwin. The members of the committee were: Sir C. Sankaran Nair (Chairman), Sir Arthur Froom, Rajah Nawab Ali Khan, Sardar Shivdev Singh Uberoi, Nawab Sir Zulfiqar Ali Khan, Sir Hari Singh Gour, Sir Abdullah Al-Mamun Suhrawardy, Kikabhai Premchand and Rao Bahadur M. C. Rajah. Almost immediately with its arrival in Bombay on February 3, 1928, the Simon Commission was confronted by throngs of protestors. The entire country observed a hartal (strike), and many people turned out to greet the Commission with black flags. Similar protests occurred in every major Indian city that the seven British MPs visited. However, one protest against the Simon Commission would gain infamy above all the others. The Commission published its 17-volume report in 1930. It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces. It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained, but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. Noting that educated Indians opposed the Commission and also that communal tensions had increased instead of decreased, the British government opted for another method of dealing with the constitutional issues of India. Before the publication of the report, the British government stated that Indian opinion would henceforth be taken into account, and that the natural outcome of the constitutional process would be dominion status for India. The outcome of the Simon Commission was the Government of India Act 1935, which established representative government at the provincial level in India and is the basis of many parts of the Indian Constitution. In 1937 the first elections were held in the Provinces, resulting in Congress Governments being returned in almost all Provinces. In September 1928, Mr. Motilal Nehru presented his Nehru Report to counter British charges that Indians could not find a constitutional consensus among themselves, it advocated that India be given dominion status of complete internal self-government.

    Impact of the Simon Commission : a. The appointment of the “all-white” Simon Commission reinvigorated Indian Nationalism to a high pith of activity which would have a major impact throughout the remaining years of the British Raj. This led, in short order, to the boycott of the Commission the development of the all-party Nehru Report

    b. The Indian Round Table Conferences 1931-1933 were an attempt to undo the damage caused by the mishandling of the appointment of the Commission;

    c. When the Simon recommendations are compared to the Government of India Act 1935 the following may be noted:

    • At the provincial level Simon’s recommendations were taken over by the Act but with even more stringent safeguards – i.e. even less true responsible government;

    • At the Centre, contrary to Simon’s recommendations, the Act authorized the formation of an utterly unworkable federation that never came into being. Thus the Centre remained governed by Government of India Act 1919.

    d. Clement Attlee got his education on India on the Commission and both he and Simon were involved in developing Indian policy during the Second World War and Attlee header the labour Government that Granted India independence in 1947.

    SIMON COMMISSION AND SINDH:

    Sindh, though as the part of Bombay presidency, played a vital role in this movement of disowning of Simon Commission. Sindh was at par with all the provinces of united India. Sindhies suffered a lot on account of opposing the Simon Commission. The Special Boycott Bulletins were published and issued on the eve, Editor from Kotri was sentenced to Imprisonment. Seth Harchandrai vishandas in spite of serious illness went Bombay to cast his vote in the Assembly/Council against the Simon Commission and he breathed his last with in days.

    How Sindh prepared herself for taking part in this movement can be judged by going through the minutes & proceedings of various meetings held in sindh. Some of details are given as under:

     

    § 02-02-1928, All the important college of Karachi: D. J. College, N. E. D college, Law College students decided to Boycott the classes on 03rdFeb,1928.

     

    § On 06-10-1928, the meeting was held in the office of Santdas Mangharam pleader in Hyderabad. Jamshed N. R. Mehta presided. in this meeting a committee consisting of Santdas Mangharam, Jamshed N. R. Mehta, Prof: Nariandas Malkani and Mr. K. Punniah Was formed to set the provisional Congress Committee and its affiliated organizations in proper order and efficient working.

    The meeting accepted the resolution passed at the All Parties Conference held at Lucknow and resolved that a movement be organized to carry on propaganda of explaining these Resolutions to the public.

    The meeting resolved that all the political workers of sindh should carry on vigorously the boycott of the Simon Commission and should prepare a statement that persons who give evidence before Commission are not the representatives of the people and make efforts to induce witnesses to desist from giving evidence.

     

    § On 14-10-1928, the meeting of the Simon Commission Boycott Committee was held in the office/ Dispensary of Dr. Tarachand J. Lalwani under chairmanship of Swami Govindannd. The following program of Boycott was fixed:

    1. No hartal as the commission was arriving at Karachi on the Diwali Day.

    2. Procession with Black flags of “Simon Go Back” from the city Karachi to the Cantonment Station on the 11th of Nov.

    3. Putting up placards, black flags & posters on the main streets & routes of Simon Commission.

    4. Picketing on the Houses of the witnesses & places where the commission will take Oral Evidence.

    5. Restricted Social Boycott of the people extending cooperation to the Simon Commission.

    6. Public meetings shall be held on 10-12-1928, 11-12-1928, & 20-11-1928.

    7. Street propaganda shall be started from 18-10-1928.

     

     

    § On 20-10-1928, a public meeting was held at Khaliqdino Hall (KARACHI) under Chairmanship of Naraindas Anandji M. L. C. Swami Govindannd, Meer Muhammad Baloch, Shaikh Abdul Majeed, Swani Krishnanad & Sidhwa spoke on the ocean and requested the people the Boycott the Commission.

     

    • On 25-10-1928 at 7pm in the Kasari office following programmed was approved.

    1. A full time man to be appointed to carry on the whole of the office and outdoor work.

    Mr. Mohan lal D.Sachday has agreed to accept the appointment.

    2. At this stage some of the chief office bearers of the Sindh Khilafat Committee came. They informed the boycott committee that their organization have resolved to co-operate with our committee in the matter of making the boycott demonstration effective and successful. The committee resolved to express its appreciation of the offer of whole hearted co-operation by the Khilafat Committee.

    3. It was resolved to hold public meetings, (1) in Mithadar Chowk on Saturday 27th at 9 p.m. (2) in Deshar Bazaar, Runchore line on Sunday, the 28th at 9 p.m. and (3) in Garikhatta opposite Jethamal’s building and Lambart Market-chowk on Monday, the 29th at 9 p.m.

    4. It was resolved to send invitations to Pandit Motilal Nehru and Madan Mohan Malvya, Dr. Ansart, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and Mr. Nariman to pay a visit to Karachi on the occasion of arrived of the Simon commission.

    5. The committee appeals to the youth of Karachi in particular and in Sindh in general to come forward to make the programmed of the black flag procession on 11th November & picketing most impressive & successful.

    6. The committee notes with satisfaction the response so far make to the “Appeal for volunteers and hopes that within a very short time the required number of 1000 will have enrolled themselves.

    7. The committee appeals to all the citizens of Karachi to muster in their thousands to join the Black Flag Procession on 11th November, the day of the arrivals of the Simon commission in Karachi.”

    8. The committee will meet from day to day at 8.30 p.m. to take the stock of the situation and discuss its further plans.

     

     

  • ENCIRCLED WITH ETHNICITY

    ENCIRCLED WITH ETHNICITY, SINDH NEEDS NEW SOCIAL CONTRACT

     

    [POINTS OF Dr. DUR MUHAMMAD PATHAN’S LECTURE DELIVERED ON 20thOF APRIL, ORGANIZED BY IRTQA, KARACHI]

     

     

    1.      IS THIS OUR SINDH?

    i)  Targeted and sectariankillings.

    ii) Daily acts of terrorism.

    iii)  Deterioration in law & order situation.

    iv)  Rapidly spreading anarchy

    v)  Indifference,

    vi)  Ruination of economy

    vii)  Unemployment and  

    viii)  Unending illegalmigration.

    ix)   Polarized and divided province on parochial,

    x)  Ethnic considerations and affiliations.

    xi)  Absence of writ of the government/state).


    2.      LET US PEEP INTO HER PAST

    i)  Land of Sufis &Saints, Love & Peace

    ii)  Never attacked any country).


    3.      PRE-PARTITION SINDH

       A)   It was ethnically pureregion

     B)  Its cities were peaceful, though differences were in the fields of politics and religion, but never witnessed riots and violence.

    C)   Provided educational facilities to all-Example: Mir Ayub & Nawab Akbar Bugti got education)

    D)   Provided job opportunities to Punjabis -First principal of Sindh Madressah was Moulvi Umaruddin Punjabi-and Urdu speaking people -Most of ministers of Khairpur state were Urdu speaking- Poet of National Anthum- Hafiz Jalandhi was once court poet atKhairpur.

    E)   Never denied shelter to Punjabis, Pathans and Urdu speaking people,6.provided conducive conditions for promotion of Arabic, Persian, Urdu and other languages since centuries)


    4.      TODAY, THE GROUND REALITY IS THAT PEOPLE OFSINDH HAVE BEEN MADE PRISONERS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE ETHNICITY AND LANGUAGEAFFILIATION, RESULTING URBAN AREAS ARE LOOKING FORWARD FOR PEACE AND RULERAREAS ARE WAITING FOR PROGRESS. SINDH IS POLARIZED AND DIVIDED AND THROWNBEFORE WOLVES. THIS SITUATION IS NOT CREATED BY COMMON MEN, BUT UPPERCLASS.THEY EXPLOITED RELIGION, IDEOLOGY, CULTURE,LANGUAGE AND DIVIDED HEARTS& MINDS OF PEOPLE FOR THEIR VESTED INTERESTS. ‘DIVIDE & RULE; WASTHEORY AND POLICY OF THE BRITISH RULERS, BUT IT WAS TRANSLATED AND IMPLEMENTEDBY OUR UPPER/FEUDAL CLASS.


    5.      STRATEGY OF UPPER CLASS

    i) Unplanned rehabilitation of Mohajreen: with intention to impose ethnicity on Sindh and convert Sindh is in minority. By Ghulam Muhammad and Muhammad Ali played key role in this regard,

    ii) Punjab’s refusal ,not to accept more non- Punjabi Mohajreen, Sindh Government is dismissed on the plea that it is creating trouble in migration problem.

    iii) Enlarging vote bank by Liaquat Ali Khan and later on the same policy is followed by others,

    iv) Selection of Karachi as the capital,

    v) Acquisition of Karachi,

    vi) Over-representation in army and administration,

    vii) subjective attitude of governments in power,

    viii) Lack of democratic approach and spirit inearly political leadership,

    ix)  Usage of ethnic card for political motives.

    x)  Barrage lands used for converting Sindh is in minorties.

    xi)  Bills adopted and passed by Sindh Assembly challenged in streets,

    xii) Actions against people in the name of ethnic and national movements,

    xiii) Movements for division of Sindh.)

    6.      WHY OUT:

    a)  Reincarnation of Morrio to kill  Manger Machh is needed,

    b)  New Social Contract for Sindh is to be redesigned by the people, for the people and by the people,

    c)  Concepts are to be cleared about ‘Class’ and ‘Ethnicity’,

    d)  More illegal migration is to be discouraged,

    e)  Discouraging of non-assimilating approaches and attitudes in various language or so-called ethnic groups

    f)  by virtue of drafting code of ethics,

    g)  Restoration of Sindh’s historical, constitutional, cultural, political and geographical rights and status.

     

     

     

     

  • CONFERENCE 1938.

    SINDH PROVINCIAL MUSLIM LEAGUE CONFERENCE, 1938.


    Soft Copy of my lectureon Sindh History with special reference to the Conference. My lecture was recorded by and for the Radio Voice of Sindh. Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan, founder Gul Hayat Institute. Website:http://www.gulhayat.com/and Email: sindhilegend@yahoo.com )
       
     I am very much rightin criticizing governments for not taking interest and initiate for establishing Sindh History Research Institute.Sindh has played a key role in the freedom movement and we are being underestimated by Non – Sindhi Scholars and ourcontribution towards this movement has been minimized terribly. In my so many postings/articles, I have given list of hundreds of Freedom Fighters and have identified more than 40 political parties and pressure groups most functional during Briritsh era (1843 – 1947). Un – matched conferences were held in this period and Sindh Provicial Muslim League Conference is one of them. It was held on 8thof October 1938 and lasted for four days. Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi is theonly politician & writer, who compiled a comprehensive report on the conduct and proceedings of the conference. It deserves to be republished as amissing link of our political history. The Khilafat Tahreek and the Movementfor the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency invite and involve people inpolitics though on wrong lines, but public participation was not consolidatedby the leaders of those movements and therefore conditions favoured MuslimLeague to reap what ever was sown by those people. The Khilafat Tahreekreinfored religious – oriented politics and the Movement for Separation osSindh from Bombay Presidency imposed religious – oriented Nationalism in SindhiMuslims. Muslim segment of Sindh due to anti – vision & wisdom of theirleaders divided their Motherlad ideologically and joined Muslim League due tovacuum created by the non – availability of any leadership and any activepolitical party. One thing must be kept in mind that no doubt, there was grandpublic participation in the Khilafat Movement, but the Movement for theseparation of Sindh was not the movement of the people, by the people and forthe people. It was launched by our Upper Class and people participated in it underinfluence and direction of their waderas & Jageerdars. So, the story of theKhilafat Tahreek is the Story of to much extent the story of the influence ofPirs/Religious figures and the story of the movement for the separation ofSindh from Bombay Presidency was the story of influence and pressure ofMirs/Jageerdars. What Pirs & Amirs cultivated, all went to Muslim League.
    The history of Muslim League in Sindh is amazing one. It wasin 1917, when Sindh Muslim League was started in here. Jam Muhammad Junijofriend of Rais Ghulam Muhammad Bhurgri and others from Karachi were founders ofthis SINDH MUSLIM LEAGUE. The office – bearers did their level beast to getthis affiliated from the All India Muslim League, but all in vain. It remainedan independent and un – affiliated party for years. Muslim League was re –opened and reorganized for more than three times up to 1930, but all effortswere neither recognised, nor affiliated by the All – India Muslim League.During the movement for separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency, Sindh Hindu& Muslim leadership intentionally involved Congress and Muslim league inthe matter and latter on these both parties cashed their support and All –India Muslim League got chance to enter. At is moment, Sindh was divided intoMuslim & Hindu camps and Sindhi Muslim leadership thought it in theirfavour to own the All India Muslim League.
    The Sindh Muslim leadership/Upper class make this event anexample of a grand ang great achievemet. The President – elect of the conference, Quaid –i- Azam travelled by aSpecial train that was engaged by Mir Ghulam Ali Talpur. In Karachi, Aeroplaneflew ower procession throwing flowers.
    It was a need of hour for Sindhi Muslim Upper Class and evenfor All – India Muslim League to the big show and hold a big Conference inSindh. Sindhi Muslim Upper class during two ministries of Sir Ghulam HussainHidayatullah and K.B. Allah Bux Soomroo noticed that they are not gettinglion’s share in the power, where as none of them was not ready to share powerhimself. This class noticed that Mighty Governor was the only one to makekings. The first ever majority party was ignored and was not invited to formthe government and Sir Ghulam Hussain was honoured to take oath as the firstever Premier of Sindh, though his party was not in majority. K.B. Allah Buxbecame the second Premire of the Province, but he proved to be a challenge forMuslim Upper Class. He was an expert in the craft of the power – politics andgave tough time to his opponents.
    Sindhi Muslim politicians in Sindh did “bicker and getnowher”.”They had last their favored post – separation position of politicaldominance by pursuing their penchant for self – centered, personalised politicsand in their place their rivals, the Sindhi Hindus, had emerged to hold thebalance of power in the province’s ministerial politics”. In this context, ourupper class politicians were in search of any power that was goining to supportand help them to regain their Paradise Lost, and it was the All _ India Muslimleague to help them. They were confident that such type of coference will paveway to break Allah Bux’s stranglehold on piower and the Muslim League can reward them political prizes of power andoffice.
    All – India Muslim League was also in search of such type ofopprtunity to get its entry in Sindh. The safe and simple way was found to gethold of Upper Class avaialable in the Sindh legislative Assembly so as MuslimLeague Ministry can bee formed without knocking doors of Muslim masses. That iswhy, the Quaid –i- Azam made it know to Haji Abdullah Haroon that he would onlyvisit Sindh if the League had secured a large measure of Assembly support. Itwas irony of fate that a province that was deprived of even the affiliation forits Muslim League by the All – India Muslim League,is now getting top priority.This Conference was an opportynity for the All – India Muslim League to huntfor formation of Muslim League Ministry in a province, where it was without anyparty Network. Hence, this conference was very important for the All – IndiaMuslim League than Sindhi Muslim Upper Class, even Sindh.
    Let me correct the record of history and to say that it wasthis conference, that provided chance to the All –India Muslim League toinclude “two – Nation” theory in its political scheme. It is said that Dr.Allama Iqbal in his presidetial address delivered on the occasion of AllahabadSession, gave the idea about a separate Homeland. But, it is on record that nothe was the first to speak in such a terms. If you will go through the recordsof resolutions passed by Sindh Khilafat committee in early twenties, you willfind that sindhis had talked and demanded for separate and independent country.It is our bad luck that neither our Historians, nor any Government have highlightedthe role of Sindhis in the Freedom Movement. Allama Iqbal, who is said andtreated as the Dreamer for Pakistan, had withdrawn from that Idea later on, andhis letters are available to prove his withdrawal. In his presidential addressDr. Iqbal had said that the Chaudhri Rahmat Ali Scheme would be harmful forHindus and Muslims of India as well as for the British themslves. EdwardThomson in his book, ‘Enlist India for Freedom’ is saying that Dr. Iqbal wasnot in favor of the Pakistan plan. He quote Allama Iqbal as under:
    “ On my vast undisciplined and starving land, Pakistan would be disastrousto the British Government, disastrous to the Hindu community, disastrous toMuslims.”
    So, the Idea and scheme of Pakistan was neither of ChaudhriRahmat Ali, nor of Allama Iqbal. But, it was Sindh and Sindhis those weretalking about and demanding independent coutry and  idea as well as demand for separateindependent countries/country for Indian Muslims was put forwarded by Sir HajiAbdullah Haroon and Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi on the occasion of thisConference.
    Of all (21) resolutions, the one of greatest significanceand a veritable landmark resolution was Resolution No.5 which was entitled“Communal Settlement”. It was moved by Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi and supportedby Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon and others. The resolution authors (Shaikh AbdulMajeed Sindhi & Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon) decided to issue a bold claimthat India in reality was not one nation but two, one Hindu and other Muslim.This resolution was clearly precursor to the Lahore Resolution of 1940. Hence,this Conference proved to be turning point in the political strategy of the All– India Muslim League and it was un – matched great achievement for the party.
    This Coference provided chance to the All – India MuslimLeague to capture the Sindh Ministry and to work for the party in Sindh atgrass – roots level. The president of the Party and Coference held Marathonmeetings with members of the Sindh Legislative Assembly. The meeting held on 9thof October lasted for ten hours. K.B. Allah Bux Soomro, the Sindh Premier alsoattended this meeting. In this meeting it was decided that Muslim League Partywill be formed in the Sindh Legislative Assembly and it will be followed byresignations of the Ministry and selection of the Leader of House. On 12thof October, an other meeting is held and K.B.Allah Bux boycotted it as hesmaled that he is not going to be selected/elected as the Leader of the House.After his leaving the meeting Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah was elected asthe Leader of the House and Mir Bandih Ali as ids Deputy. Twenty – sevenmembers joined the Party and signed the “League Pledge”, where as K.B. Soomroalong with his seven supporters refused to join.
    On the conclusion of the Conference, it was clear thatMuslim League can not form its ministry and Sindhi leaders will remain dividedinto groups such as Syed Group (Headed by G.M.Syed),  Sir Ghulam Hussain Group,Allah Bux SoomroGroup,Baloch Group (Headed by Mir Banidh Ali) and capitalist – cum – UrbanGroup (Headed by Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon). It was beyond the capability of theMuslim league Leadership to mergea nd unite these groups and provide them oneplatform of the party. Hence, after conclusion of the Conference the Quaid –i-Azam decided to start interior Sindh tour to popularize the League cause amongrural masses.
    On the occasion of this conference total 12 Resolutions werepassed and their subjectsa re as under:
    1.      Condolence on the death of Nawb Bahadur SirMohammad Mozzamullah.
    2.      Appeal to Sindhi Muslims to join the MuslimLeague.
    3.      Independence of Palestine.
    4.      Barrage Debt liquidation.
    5.      Hindu – Muslim Communal Settlement. (Introducingfirst time the “Two – Nation Theory”).
    6.      Revision of Frontier policy.
    7.      Condemnation of Burma riots.
    8.      Condemnation of the agitation of the companiescatering for Hedjaz Pilgrim ( This Resolution was moved to accommodatecapitalist and Business Community Group of the Party. Haji Abdullah Haroon andothers were in hunt of establishing/supporting their such type of Companies).
    9.      Public Holidays in Sindh.
    10.  Appeal to Sindh Members of the Assembly to joinMuslim League.
    11.  Demand for replacement of arbitrary form ofgovernment in Baluchistan by a democratic form.
    12.  Condemnation of the agitation of a section ofHindus against handing over of the control of the Masjid Manzalgah of Sukkur.(This was pre – planing and stage was being set to get rid of Allah Bux Soomro’sGovernment on one hand and to make the people emotion – driven on religiousgrounds to diveret majority of muslims to theMuslim League. It was a wellplanned strategy of the party and Religious Scholars from Punjab were invitedto put fuel on the fire).
    13.  Demanding of enquary on the breach in the Sindhcanal regulator in Sukkur District.
    14.  Government must take steps for betterment ofagricultural class.  (this was to saveand safe the interest of Wadera/Jagerdar Class).
    15.  Abbrogation of repressive laws.
    16.  Congratulations for Bengal and Punjab Muslims insafe guarding Muslim Ministries in those provinces.
    17.  Condemnation of the Government of India towardsHish Highness Mir of Khairpur State by removing him from the State.
    18.  Condemnation of U.P Congress Ministry/Government for its anti – muslim policies.
    19.  That K.B.Aijaz Ali shall continue as Minister inKhairpur State.
    20.  Appeal to Sindh Governor for summoning a sessionof the Sindh Legislative Assembly. (As the pending Vote of no – cofidence agaistAllah Bux Soomro be carried on).
    21.  Condemnation of Sindh Government of Allah BuxSoomro.
    Though, there are still many aspect ofConference and they can be touched on next time. Let me windup my lecture in afew words that the Sindh Provicial Muslim League Conference of 1938 was veryimportant . It vindicated the mentality of our Upper Class.      

    Political Vision and wisdom of that class. Itopened doors for Capitalist to enter in politics and give it urban touch. Itwas a great achievement for the All – India Muslim League.

  • The First Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference Karachi

    The First Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference

     

    8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th of October 1938

    		  

    Karachi Sindh

    		      

    The Report

    		      

    of the

    		        

    GENERAL SECRETARY

    		    

    1938

    		        

    Printed by Haji Naziruddin Hafiz Abdul Karim Babar,

    At the Civil Military Press Hassanali Effendi Road, Karachi.

    Published By Sayyed Ali Muhammad H, Rashdi, General Secretary,

    First Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference Napier Rd. Karachi.

    …………………………………….

    		    
             
             

    INTRODUCTION

    		      

    The First Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference held at Karachi on 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th of October 1938, under the Presidentship of Mr. M. A. Jinnah, constitutes a turning point in the political life of not only the Moslems of Sindh but of the whole of Moslem India. It was on the platform of this Conference that in the presence of most of the prominent Moslem leaders or India, who have got a decisive voice in all matters relating to the Moslem India, speeches were made and resolutions were passed which revealed a desire on the part of the Moslems to have radical alterations made in the new scheme of Indian reforms, so far as the centre was concerned, as a natural consequence of the determination on the part of the Hindu majority not to treat the Indian Moslem nation as an equal partner in governing India.

    “If the Congress, which was wholly and solely a Hindu organization, was not prepared to agree to the Moslem occupying an equal position in the scheme of the Indian constitutional reform merely because it aimed at the establishment of Hindu rule in India, somewhat similar to that which is now found in the eight congress-ruled provinces, let us tell the Congress and the Hindu community that theIndian continent shall have to be divided into two Indias-the Hindu India and the Moslem India, each governing separately was the gist of many speeches made in the Conference. The grand reception given to Mr. Jinnah, .which in point of grandeur and splendor was, according to the opinion of the disinterested press, such as would be envied by Kings, and the attention, enthusiasm and devotion with which about 20,000 people participated in the Conference for full five evenings from 8pmright up to 2 am clearly indicated the anxiety on the part of the Moslems to forge ahead, and assert their individuality and existence. Although the main resolution about the situation in India has been embodied in the terms of a recom­mendation to the All India Moslem League, yet, keeping in view the present Cong­ress mentality, I have no doubt that it will serve as prelude to the Moslems declaring finally to go in for a separate federation of their ownandwill thus get Sindh very conspicuous place in the history of New India.

    The Other resolutionspassed at the Conference touched a variety of subjects both Provincial and extra-Provincial, the most important among them however according to me, were the two sets of resolutions one giving an outline of the constructive work which is to be undertaken by the League for the uplift of the masses and the other dealing with the constitutional situation created in Sindh in consequence of the Governor of Sindh having refused to call a Session of the SindhLegislativeAssembly to consider no-confidence motion against the Sindh ministry and to transact other work which has been kept in abeyance for the last eight months. The purpose behind the refusal is clearly one of retaining the existing ministry in office in utter defiance of popular will and in contravention of the spirit of the new Constitution Act and the Instrument of Instructions and of giving it time to consolidate its position by means, which in some cases, happen to be of questionable nature. As the subject has been sufficiently dealt with in the Chairman’s address and in the resolution itself, I can only saythat the outrage that has thus been perpetrated upon the constitutional rights of the people of this province has gone a long way to prove the hollowness of the claims about the sanctity which the new constitution is alleged to be enjoying at the hands of the representatives of the sovereign, and has created consciousness among the people as to the danger that lies ahead of them in case the Governors of provinces choose at anystage to run the administration in open violation of the nature and spirit of the Government of India act. But Sindh must, all the same, feel grateful to His Excellency for having bestowed upon her the distinction of being the first province to ‘disapprove of the action of a governor’, in the manner in which she has. One cannot however say where this approval will lead this province to if His Excellency adheres to his decision to allow indefinitely the present situation to continue disturbing the peace of the province.

    Sindh has on many occasions in the past given a lead to the whole of India and, Iwill be pardoned if I say that, even on this occasion and in the matter of Moslem League movement she has givenalead to the rest of India. Let us hope that the new flame of desire kindled by this conference, in the hearts of millions of musalmans, to strengthen the bonds of unity and solidarity amongst each other, will be kept burning forever.

    Before I conclude, I must seize this opportunity to express, on behalf of the moslems of this province, a deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Jinnah, the President, of the Conference, the Hon’ble Mr. A. K. FazulHaque. Premier of Bengal, the Honorable Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, Premier of Punjab, Moulana’ Showkatali, Begum Saheba Moulana Mahomed ali, Sir Currimbhoy Ibrahim Bart, the Raja Saheb of Mahmudabad, the Raja Saheb of Pirpura, Mr. Sayed Abdul Rauf Shah, M. L. A. Central Provinces, Mr. Ashiqueali of Gaya (Behar), Haji Abdul SattarEssakSaitb, M. L. A. (Central), Madras, A. B. Habibullah Khan, Bar-at-Law of U. P., Nawab Sir Mahomed Jamal Khan Laghari, Khan BahadurMushtaq Ahmed Khan Gurmani. M. L. A. (Punjab), Khan Fakira Khan, Chief of Dhamtour N. W. F. Province, Moulana Jamal MianSaheb of FarangiMahalLucknow, Khan SahebManzurali Khan of Simla, Moulana Abdul HamidBadayuni, (U. P,), MoulanaSayedGhulamBhikSahebNaraing, M.L.A. (Central), NawabzadaLiyaqat Ali Khan,. M L A, (U. P.). Khan BahadurMakhdumNawabMuridHussainSaheb, M. L. A. (Central) of Multan and all other distinguished visitors from outside who graced the Conferencewith their presence, no doubt, at great personal inconvenience and discomfort to themselves.

    Lastly, I beg to thank all my colleagues, co-workers, moslem ladies, and gentlemen all educational institutions, Moslem Associations, and Volunteer Corps, who assisted me in grappling with the arduous task that was ahead of me. To them alone is due the whole credit for having made the Conference such a great success in spite of the fact that the whole arrangement had to be made within 36 days time.

    Sayed Ali Mahummed H. Rashdi,

    		  

    Goneral Secretary.

    		      
             

    Napier Road, Karachi,

    		    

    23rd October, 1938.

    		      
             

    A Glimpse of the Arrangements Made.

    		  

    1. Mr. M.A Jinnah, President-elect the conference reached Hyderabad Sindh by Ahmedabad- Marwar Mail at about 10-30 am, From chor (the first station of Sindh) to Hyderabad Sindh, the train stopped at four stations Chor, DhoroNaro and ShadipaliMirpurkhas, On all these stations he was welcomed and garlanded by local muslims.

    2. From Hyderabad Sindh to Karachi Mr. Jinnah travelled by a special Train and took his seat in a reserved First class compartment. Mir Ghulamali khan talpur, M.L.A his relatives and the office bearers of the Hyderabad at about 12 noon and reached Karachi city station at about 4-20 p.m. The special Train brought over 500 delegates from Hyderabad. From Drighroad onwards thee aero planes escorted the train up to Karachi and then flew over the procession. The Special Train had been engaged by Mir. Ghulam Ali Khan for which he deserves gratitude of the muslim community.

    3. The Sindh stopped a little further from the entrance to the platform , at Karachi City Station, The Chairman of the reception Committee entered the president-elect’s Coach, garlanded him and brought him out on the platform where he was introduced to prominent persons specially invited to be present at the station. They numbered several thousands and among them were almost all Moslem M.L.As, His worship the Mayor of Karachi, Moslem members of the Karachi Corporation; leading Moslems of the Province and also two of the three Ministers of Sindh.

    4. As soon as the train arrived the khaksars fired 51 shots. The President-elect in the meanwhile was taken out from the station; he then received the salute of the Guard of honor provided by the Moslem League National Guard, and various Volunteer Corps and he took 10 minutes in inspecting them. The Band Played. The extent of the crowd that had assembled outside the station or on the route can only be imagined those who were witnesses to it.

    At about 4.40 p.m. the President and the party passed through the Babul-Islam (Gate)which had been specially erected over the Entrance to the Railway Station, The drums kept on the top of this Gate announced the arrival of the President who was occupying his seat in a Coach drawn by four Horses. The Chairman of the Reception Committee (Sir Abdullah Haroon) and the President ofthe Sindh Provincial Moslem League (Shaikh Abdul Majid) sat on the opposite seat with the president. The Bands played. Behind the president’s carriage followed several cars conveying distinguished guests.

    From the McLeod Road the procession started in the following order:-

    ORDER OF THE PROCESSION

    		    
             

    1. Moslem League Flag SayedMahmudshah Ghazi on Horse Back.

    2. Band of ustadMahomedBux Incharge of MistryFazal Ahmed.

    3. Two Decorated Fishes Khada Fisherman (Malik Abdul Aziz)

    4. Steam Lunch Baba Island people inchargeMahomedBhati

    5. MouloodShairff By various anjumans (InchargeKhawaja Abdul Razaq and UsmanRahimtullah).

    6. Cavalry Peer GhulamMurtaza

    		  

    7. Camel Riders (In Arabic Custumes) GhulamMahomedNizamiRamzanOladi.

    8. Akharawalas MoulviZahooral& Hassan Dars.

    9. Khawaja Band Mr. YusafHaroon

    		  

    10. Scout and National Guard Mr. YusadHaroon

    11. Six Pilot Cars of distinguished the General Secretary of the conference, Sayed Ali MahomedRashdi and General Secretary of the league Mr. Hassanali A. Rehman.

    12. President’s Coach and Four Horses Seth HussainbhoyBandukwala, Seth fidahussainshaikha, sethghulamhussainlotia, sethghulam H. Ghafoorbhoy.

    13. Six cars and distinguished visitors &Yatimkhana band sir abdulaHaroon. Seth HussainbhoyBandukwala, Seth fidahussainshaikha, sethghulamhussainlotia, sethghulam H. Ghafoorbhoy.

    14. Private cars and taxis.

    		    

    15. Horse Carraiges. Mr. Nawabkhan, Mr. Yakoobkhan, Seth AluKhimji.

    16. Band Sindh Madressah.

    		    

    17. Camel cars, Abdullah khan Retired sub inspector and sallehMahomedSidikMistri.

    18. Ambulance Cars.

    		    

    19. After passing through the processional route and 20 gates, bearing the names of different leaders which had been especially erected, the procession terminated at the Moslem League Pandal where Moslem League Flag was hoisted by the President elect.

    20. Aero planes flew over the procession throwing flowers, The procession was about two miles long and roaring sea of human hands surrounded the whole route from beginning to the end.

    The Moslem League Flag Hosting Ceremony

    On the 7th October 1938(7 p. m. to 8 p. m.)

    1. Recitation of the passage from Holy Quran.

    2. Flag song by MahomedFazal and Abdul Haye.

    3. Chairman’s Introductory Speech.

    		  

    4. “The President’s Speech.

    		    

    5. Hoisting of the flag

    		    

    THE FIRST SITTING OF THE

    		    

    SINDH PROVINCIAL MOSLEM LEAGUE CONFERENCE.

    On 8th October 1938 from 9 p. m. to 1 a. m.

    1. Recitation of the Holy Quran.

    		  

    2. Islamic Songs.

    		      

    3. Chairman’s Address.

    		    

    4. President’s Election.

    		    

    5. Presidential Address.

    		    

    6. Addresses of the Hon’ble Moulana A. K. Fazlul Haque, Chief Minister Bengal, Hon’ble Sir Sikander Hayat Khan Chief Minister Punjab, Moulanashokatali, Sir Currimbhoy Ibrahim Bart, Bombay, Khan Fakira Khan of Abbotabad, Moulana Jamal Mian of Lucknow, Mr. A. B. Habibullah of U. P. and other distinguished guests.

    7. The election of the Subjects Committee.
             

    (II)

    		        

    The Second Sitting of The Sindh Provincial Moslem League Conference.

    On 9tb October 1938 from 9-30 p. m. to 1 a. m.

    Recitation of Holy Quran. 9.30 p. m. to 9-35 p. m.

    Islamic National Songs. 9-35 p. m.to 9-45 p. m.

    Resolutions passed.

    		      

    Third Sitting of the Conference

    		  

    10th October from 9-30 p. m. to 1 a. m. (Resolutions passed)

    Fourth Sitting of the Conference.

    		  

    11th October 9-30 p. m. to 1 a. m

    		  

    Speeches made and resolutions passed.

    		  

    Fifth Sitting of the Conference.

    		  

    12th October 9-30 p.m to 1 a.m

    		  

    Speeches made and Resolutions passed.

    		  
             
             

    presidential address

    		    

    OF MR. M. A. JINNAH

    		    

    READ ON 8th OCTOBER 1938.

    		    

    Ladies and gentlemen,

    		    

    I thank you for the honour you have done me by asking me to preside over this All Sindh Muslim League Conference. Sindh has a wonderful history behind it and it gives me a peculiar pleasure that I should have the privilege of presiding over a great conference of Muslims. I most heartily congratulate you for having established the District Muslim Leagues in almost all of your Districts and having organized the Musalmans of Sindh in the manner in which you have done within such a short time. This great political consciousness and awakening that has taken place among the Musalmans of Sindh is a great pointer and I feel confident that with the help of your self-less leaders and workers Sindh will come into its own and set an example to the rest of India. You know the efforts of the All India Muslim League to Separate Sindh were seriously started in 1927 and the demand to separate Sindh was incorporated in the Delhi Muslim League proposals in March 1927. It was a hard and arduous struggle but notwithstanding the strenuous opposition from various quarters ultimately it was decided to separate Sindh from Bombay Presidency as an independent Province with a constitution on an equal footing with the rest of the provinces of the British India. Now that your Province is an independent entity the greatest responsibility rests on the shoulders of the Musalmans of Sindh for the welfare and the progress of your Province. Not long ago the Musalmans in Sindh were divided and turn into groups but today I am happy to find that there is a wonderful public spirit, solidarity and unity demonstrated and with proper organization if you mobilize and harness your powers there is nothing to prevent the Muslim league of your Province from assuming the reigns of the Government of your province. It is in your hands now. You must remember that it is your duty and responsibility which calls upon you to conduct the affairs of the Government of Sindh. The constitution enacted by the Government of India Act of 1935, although it incorporates many objectionable features, yet you should utilize it with your majority strength successfully for the economic, social, educational and political uplift of the people of Sindh and in particular of the Musalmans. I feel confident that mainly the Musalmans of Sindh and the right thinking Hindus will realize that the progress and the welfare of the Province lies in maintaining the high principles of justice, fairplay and friendly co-operation amongst the people of Sindh.

    While speaking in this great city and the capital of Sindh, Karachi with its magnificent position that it occupies, the wonderful sea port and constituting as it does the first home-land of Musalmans, it gives me no small pleasure that I should preside over a conference of the kind the like of which has never before taken place in Sindh and you can well imagine my surging emotions when I tell you that Karachi is my birth place and I cannot adequately express how deeply anxious I am for its welfare and how cordially I wish your Province to rise to its full stature and play your great and rightful part in the Counsels of Muslim India. Musalmans of Sindh have another sacred duty to perform and a far graver task in front of them and it is that aspect which I want to impress upon you. In the All India Muslim struggle against the various forces which are out to destroy and divide the Musalmans by means of corruption and dishonest propaganda you have to guard yourself against it and stand solid behind the All India Muslim League which is the only authoritative and representative organization of the Musalmans of India. It is an irony of fate that the two provinces for which the All India Muslim League fought successfully that is Sindh and the North West Frontier Provinces, should remain outside the ken of the All India Muslim League. But I am glad that SindhMusalmans have now realized. The Wonderful rally on their part is a bright sign and new chapter in the History of the All India Muslim League. North West Frontier Province for which the Muslim League fought against every machination including the opposition on the part of the Congress itself against our demand that it should have the consti­tution and reforms on an equal fooling with all the other provinces of the British India should remain, when liberated under the heel of Wardha.

    But I feel confident that it will not be very long before the Musalmans of North West Frontier Province will come home on the platform of the All India MuslimLeague and work as loyally and faithfully as any Musalman under the banner and the flag of the All India Muslim League and those who have and are still misleading the Pathans will meet with their ”Nemesis”.

    The struggle that we are carrying on is not merely for loaves and fishes, minister ships and jobs, nor are we opposed to the economic, social and educational uplift of our countrymen as it is falsely alleged. We want to make every contribution to the uplift of our people particularly the Musalmans. Do not believe when you are told that the policy and program of the League is reactionary. No honest man who has studied the policy and program of the League can conscientiously truthfully say that it is anything but fully national and most progressive. Yet Muslim League and its leaders are daily misrepresented and vilified. Truth is suppressed and falsehood is broadcast in the Congress press and news agencies; of course we having no press. But the greatest misfortunes of India is that the High Command of the Congress has adopted a most brutal, oppressive and inimical attitude towards the All India Muslim League since they secured the majority in the six provinces. After they decided to accept office and work the constitution when we were ready and offered our hand of co-operation as we had already made it clear before and after the elections also the first demand was that the League must liquidate itself and we were told that it represents nobody except few estimable middle class gentlemen. And secondly the decision was taken that we must be treated as an anathema and the League groups in the various legislatures were boycotted by the Congress. And the members of the League party in the legislatures were to be treated as untouchables and that no one was to be included in the ministry of those provinces from amongst the representatives of the League party unless they unconditionally signed the pledge, the policy, and the program of the Congress which honestly speaking is much worse than that of the All India Muslim League and more communal, in fact, except that we stand for the adequate and effective safeguards for the rights and interests of the Musalmans and that we do not agree with false creed of “truth and nonviolence” which is observed and honoured more in breach. They were asked to abjure their party and forego their creed, policy and program which is far more honest and straightforward and practical. They started in the legislatures with a song of “Bande Matramn” which is not only idolatrous but in its origin and substance a hymn to spread hatred for the Musalmans. And they in their wisdom tried and are persisting now and compelling the school authorities to sing “Bande Matram” at congregations and school gatherings although it is admitted that it is not a national song. They have persistently hoisted tri-colour flags in a most aggressive and offensive manner on all Government and public institutions irrespective of the feelings of others although it is admitted that it is not a national flag. They started “the Muslim Mass Contact” which is not only silly but dangerous and some wise-acre amongst them think that this will bring about the destruction of the communal award or at any rate nullify its object and destroy the true strength of Muslim representation in the various legislatures, and further thereby force every Muslim to submit to the membership of the Congress. They have been forcing radical changes in the educational system of the Provinces and to run the department on Wardha scheme which has assumed the name of “Vidhyia Mandir” and make Hindi compulsory in the guise of Hindustani but highly Sanskritised as “Lingua Franca” of India and leave no stone unturned to suppress Urdu which is the language of the largest number of Musalmans in India and thus give a death blow to their culture and their solidarity. Every available post or job is reserved for the Congressmen or those Musalmans who are prepared to desert or vilify the League. The “Civil Liberties” has assumed new definition. That in the absence of “Swadeshi Laws” “lawless and reactionary laws” such as the “Criminal Law Amendment Act” and “Section 144” are to be freely utilized against, those persons who disobey or differ from the Congress Ministries and particularly in the case of the members of the Muslim League. Measures are brought in, bills have been passed and laws have been enacted which are obviously highly detrimental to the interests of the Musalmans. For instance amend­ments of the franchise system of voting and representation of minorities, in Munici­pal Local and Districts Boards. The Muslim Press is terrorized under threat of penalty of forfeiture of securities and in some cases the obnoxious executive orders have been passed and securities of some Muslim Urdu papers have been forfeited. Is this the national programme that is being pursued for the advancement of the people of this Country which will achieve freedom and independence of India? If this is the foretaste on the threshold of the limited and restricted authority and power enjoyed by the Congress, I shudder to think what would be the fate of ninety millions of Musalmans in this country if the Congress were incharge of full and plenary powers of the Government of India; and yet the other day the President of the Congress had the temerity in speaking at the Haripura Congress Session in February 1938 to solemnly ask “I would put it to the members of the minority communities in India to consider dispassionately if they have any thing to fear when the Congress programme is put into operation.” So far I have not dealt with the cases of maltreatment and tyranny and persecution regarding which columns and columns have been filled by newspapers-specially in three Provinces of Bihar, U. P. & C. P. and we are awaiting the report of the committee that has been appointed. I hope that the report will be out before the next Session of Muslim League in December 1938.

    It is common knowledge that the average Congressman whether he is a member by conviction or “convenience” arrogates to himself the role of a ruler of this country and although he does not possess the educational qualifications, training and culture and traditions of the British Bureaucrat he behaves and acts towards the Musalmans in a much worse manner than the British did towards Indians. The Supreme Command may well deplore corruption, untruthfulness and violence and may further deplore the faked register of membership of the Congress by “convenience”,

    These are a few characteristic features of the Congress programme so far regarding the Musalmans. But we are told very recently in your city by a high authority that surely the fact that the Governors have not yet thought fit to interfere or exercise their special powers is a proof-positive and shows that the Musalmans are not only justly and fairly treated but they are dealt with handsomely and generously. I know that Governors and the Governor-General have failed the minorities and spe­cially the Musalmans. But on the other hand we are told that there is a gentlemen’s agreement and a Secret understanding between the British Government and the Congress in consequence of which assurances were given that such powers will not be exercised, and so it is obvious that the Congress Ministries are getting the longest rope with the result that the foolish policy of the Congress is responsible not only for intense bitterness between the two sister communities but among the various classes and interests. It has resulted in serious clashes and conflicts and ill-will, which are bound to recoil in the long run on the progress and welfare of India. It seems that Congress is only tumbling into the hands of those who are looking forward to the creation of a serious situation which will break India vertically and horizontally. But this is not all. Now let us turn to Bengal, Punjab and Assam. In these Provinces there happens to be a predominant Muslim voice in the Ministr­ies and hence they are made the target and the object of final destruction by the Congress High Command. In Bengal the move to defeat Fazl-ul-Huq Ministry has ignominiously failed. In Punjab various efforts are made to weaken the Ministry of Sir Sikandar Hayat. But in Punjab they have not yet dared to table a no confidence motion because Punjab Ministry cannot yet be bent. In Assam Mr, Saadullah’s Ministry resigned. Immediately the Congress President went post-haste with other henchmen and agents to help the birth of a so called Congress Ministry in utter disregard of all their previous professions and declarations and contrary to their avowed determination to have nothing to do with coalition and he gathered together various groups all and sundry. But in forming the Ministry Mr. Bordoloi was not able to announce the name of even one of the three Muslim Ministers who were to be included in the Ministry. Apart from the methods adopted further to move the President for adjournment of the Assembly ‘Sine die‘ was hardly creditable, and for a great party, not to face the legislature knowing full well that they had not the majority at their back was shere Cowardice. It is under threat of suspension of oath taking ceremony that the President and Congress party agreed to the sessions of the Assembly being called at an early date, and up to the present moment Mr. Bordoloi has not been able to get more than one of the three Muslim Ministers, and he is still hunting for the remaining two Muslim Ministers. When 56 members of the Assembly out of 107 are not only against the so called Congress Ministry but have tabled the vote of no confidence, I congratulate the President, Mr. Bose, for his statesman-like achievement for this still born child which he is now anxious to feed by means of oxygen and bring it to life by appealing to the European planters to come to his rescue. The Congress High Command is obsessed with one idea and determined to divide the Musalmans and particularly to break the solidarity of the Muslim League, no matter how low they may have to stoop. They rave no scruples or any standard or principle in their methods. Their policy is based on arrogance and opportunism and unfortunately they are at the present moment getting the support of a large body of Hindus who have respect for the Congress and they are being fully exploited. Not only that but even Mr. Gandhi who has acquired the spiritual influence over a large body of the Hindu public and with his halo of Mahatma is used by those who surround him. He often tries to get out of the awkward corners by falling back upon his inner voice or the voice of silence and relies upon the fact that he is not even a four anna member of the Congress; and he deplores corruption, untruthfulness and violence and pleads to his utter helplessness for the decisions of Congress High Command. This grand Fascist Council, the working Committee which is named “the shadow cabinet” of a parallel Government of India is supposed to speak on behalf of “the Indian Nation” Some of its antics remind one of a clown imitating the artist in a circus. During the critical situation about the end of September last this so called shadow cabinet continually sat in sessions and kept vigil as the All India Congress Committee had entrusted them with a power to take such decisions as they thought proper with regard to the question of India’s part in the event of the war breaking out. So to begin with a sympathetic message was sent by the High Command to the Government of Czechoslovakia and the Mahatma and the Working Committee were continuing the vigil waiting for the Whitehall to approach Mahatma Gandhi, But the war is averted and soon now the vigil will terminate and India must breathe a sigh of relief as we are saved from the Congress decision with regard to the war for the moment. So now this is the situation and position that we have to face. It is no use relying upon anyone I else. We must stand on our own inherent strength and build up our own power and forge sanctions behind our decisions. Today we are told that even for the purpose of a settlement of Hindu Muslim question we do not represent the Musalmans of India and we are required to prove the position and status of ours by 14 service and merits “before the mighty High Command. Gentlemen! The meaning is clear. It is no use our blaming others. It is no use our accusing our opponents only; it is no use our expecting our enemies to behave differently. If the Musalmans are going to be defeated in their national goal and aspirations it will only be by the betrayal of the Musalmans among us as it has happened in the past. For the renegades and traitors I have nothing to say, they can do their worst. But I appeal most fervently to those Musalmans who honestly feel for their Community and its welfare and those who are misled or misguided and indifferent, to come on to the platform of the Muslim League and work under its flag; and please close your ranks and file and stand solid and united at any and all costs and speak and act with one voice.

    Here I wish to make it clear that I am not fighting the Hindu Community as such nor have I any quarrel with the Hindus generally for I have many personal friends amongst them; but the Congress “High Command” is in my opinion the greatest enemy of India’s progress and for the matter of that even of the interests of Hindus. Although there are many Hindus who entirely condemn them and are completely fed up with them yet a large body of the Hindu public is still hypnotized and mesmerized by them by their Seductive and abusive propaganda and disingenu­ous catch words and Slogans. Will they get their freedom of judgment and action!

    With regard to the tragedy of Palestine that is going on at present and the ruthless repression that is practised against the Arabs because of their struggle for the freedom of their country, I need hardly tell you that we had most convincing proofs demonstrated all over India that the heart of every Musalman is with them in their brave and wonderful struggle that they are carrying on against all odds and in spite of their being “defenseless”. According to the resolution of the All India Muslim League Council, 26th of August was observed all over India as the Palestine day and from all accounts I can say without exaggeration that thousands and thousands of meetings were held all over India fully and fervently sympathizing with those who are fighting for their country’s freedom. Musalmans’ heart is wounded and lacerated when they hear the news and the accounts of ruthless and tyrannical repression and repression of those brave Arabs and I know that the entire Muslim world is watching the doings of Great Britain there.

    I may inform you that the Muslim League Council appointed a special committee at their meeting of the 30th July 1938 to consider the question of sending racial deputation abroad specially to Palestine and England and directed the committee to consider the ways and means by which an effective pressure can be brought to bear upon the British Government. And that committee recently met at Badaun and have in response to the invitation from the Egyptian Parliamentary Committee for the Defense of Palestine chosen five representatives on behalf of the All India Muslim League to attend the Parliamentary Congress of Arabs and Muslim countries which will be held in Cairo starting from the 7th October 1938 with a view consider the present situation in Palestine. Three of our representatives, Mr. Khaliquzzaman, Mr. Abdur Rahman Siddiqui and Maulana Mazhar Uddin out of the five appointed have already left India and are on their way to Cairo. Further according to the instructions of the Egyptian Parliamentary Committee we have netified that if any other member of the Muslim League party in legislature desires to participate in the Congress the invitation will be issued to him by the Secretary, All India Muslim League, We shall await the results of the deliberations and the decisions of that Congress and then I may assure you that the All India Muslim League will do all that lies in its power to help the cause of the Arabs in Palestine. I am glad here to note that Congress Working Committee also at Delhi has passed a resolution. That having regard to its importance it was moved by the chair without any comments. This is an indication of the superficial interest the Congress takes in matters which the Musalmans consider nearest and dearest to their heart.

    During the recent times Great Britain has thrown her friends to the wolves and broken her solemn promises. Only those succeed with the British People who possess force and power and who are in a position to bully them. They have also let down and thrown the Musalmans of India to the wolves. I am sure that there will be no peace in the Near East unless they give an honest and square deal to the Arabs in Palestine. In India I may draw the attention of His Majesty’s Government and the British Statesmen who I am sure are not under any delusion that Congress represents the people of India or Indian nation, for there are 90 millions of Musalmans. And I would draw their attention and here also of the Congress High Command and ask them to mark, learn and inwardly digest the recent upheaval and its consequent developments which threatened the world war. It was because the Sudeten Germans who were forced under the heel of the majority of Czechoslovakia who oppressed them, suppressed them, maltreated them and showed a brutal and callous disregard for their rights and interests for two decades hence the inevitable result that the Republic of Czechoslovakia is now broken up and a new map will have to be drawn. Just as the Sudeten Germans were not defenseless and survived the oppression and persecution for two decades so also the Musalmans are not defenseless and cannot give up their national entity and aspirations in this great continent. Here also I may mention the Frontier policy of the Government of India which the sooner it is given up the better and methods of reconciliation are resorted to instead. I will therefore appeal to the British Government to review and revise their policy with regard to the Palestine, Waziristan and Musalmans of India and the Islamic powers generally. It is in the interest of Great Britain to seriously consider the reorientation in the light of the developments that have taken place during the last two decades.

    To the Musalmans therefore I say go forward and organize your people all over India and if reasons and arguments fail our ultimate resort must depend upon our own inherent strength and power. I do not despair nor need we fear the consequences in this great struggle of life and death which involves the destiny of 90 millions of our people.

     

    The Resolutions Passed by the Conference

    .

    RESOLUTION No. 1.

    “This Conference expresses its deep sense of sorrow at the very sad demise of the Late Nawab Bahadur Sir Mahomed Mozzamulullah Khan, a great Muslim Philanthropist and Benefactor of the Muslim community.”

    This meeting prays that the soul of the departed Leader may rest in Peace and expresses its sympathy with the family of the deceased.”

    (From the Chair)

    UNANIMOUSLY CARRIED

    (ALL STANDING)

     

    The following Resolutions were passed unanimously at the Sindh Provincial Moslem League Conference held at Karachi on 8th, 9th and 10th October 1938.

     

    RESOLUTION No. 2

    This conference makes an earnest appeal to all well-wishers of Islam and theMuslim Community;

    To join the Muslim League,

    To establish branches of the Muslim League;

    To enroll them as Volunteers in the Muslim National Guard;

    To cultivate a sense of discipline and loyalty towards the Muslim League,

    To persuade their representatives in the local self-governing bodies and legislatures to form and join the Muslim League parties within their respective local bodies and legislatures and to work under the control and discipline of the Muslim League and to call upon them to resign if they fail to carry out their mandate.

    To call upon their representatives in the Assembly to pass economic measures such as have recently been passed by the other legislatures.

    To appoint a competent person to enquire into and report grievances of the people to the authorities concerned and to the Provincial headquarters of the League.

    To wear Khadi and Swadeshi cloth manufactured by Muslim weavers,

    To observe thrift and economy,

    To remove illiteracy,

    To open reading rooms, to start night schools,

    To persuade all boys and girls of schools going age to join schools,

    To carry on a regular campaign for the elimination of social evils,

    To reduce their expenses to the minimum in the observance of social customs.

    To encourage rural manufactures,

    To use improved methods of cultivation,

    To improve the lot of their peasantry,

    To encourage muslim shop-keepers,

    To secure employment and work for their unemployed brothern,

    To carry on regular propaganda for the moral, religious, social, economic and educational uplift and reform of the muslim community,

    and to create political awakening among the muslim masses for the speedy achievement of freedom of Islam and of India “

    Mover—Sahibzada Abdul sattar Jan.

    Seconder—Moulana Jamal Mian of Frangi Mahal Lucknow,

    Supporter—Moulana Abdul Hamid Badauni, NawabLiaqatali Khan Saheb, Mir Ayub Khan,

    9th October 1938. (Carried unanimously)

     

    Resolution no. 3

    “This Conference while praying for the success of the Muslim World Conference which is being held at Cairo, for a satisfactory solution of the Palestine problem, is definitely of the opinion that to achieve a lasting settlement, it is highly essential that the British Government.

    (a) should cancel Balfour Declaration ;

    (b) withdraw the scheme of partition of Palestine as recommended by the first Palestine Royal Commission;

    (c) confer full independence upon Palestine.

    This Conference warns the British Government that if it fails to abandon its present pro-Jewish policy in Palestine the Muslims of India in consonance with the policy of the rest of the Islamic World will look upon Britain as the enemy of Islam and shall willingly adopt all measures for the protection and freedom of the Holy Land of Islam.

    This Conference places full confidence in the Muslim League Deputation to the Muslim World Conference, Cairo consisting of Choudhry Khaliquzzaman, Mr. Abdul Rahman Siddiki, Moulana Hasrat Mohani and Moulana Mazharuddin.”

    Mover — Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sirhindi,

    Seconder — Moulana Showkatali,

    Supporter — Moulana Sanaullab,

    10th October, 1938. (Carried Unanimously).

     

    RESOLUTION. No. 4.

     

    Barrage Debt Liquidation.

    “Where as the ordinary annual revenue of Sindh is only Rs. 180 lakhs excluding Rs.75 lakhs of extraordinary receipts from lands and Rs. 105 lakhs as Subvention from central government.

    And whereas the ordinary annual expenditure of Sindh met from revenue is Rs. 359lakhs leaving an annual deficit of Rs. 179 lakhs.

    And whereas Sindh has been allotted a debt of Rs. 25crores on separation from Bombay consisting of Rs. 2.75crores pre-reform debt and Rs. 22.25crores Barrage debt.|

    And whereas Sindh has to pay annual interest charges of Rs. 129.5.

    And whereas under the Otto-Neimeyar settlement, Sindh would have to pay Rs. 75lakhs annually for liquidating her debt for 1942 in addition to the said interest charges.

    And where as total annual receipts from sale of land in Barrage area amounting to about Rs. 75 lakhs plus the entire net surplus under the head land revenue is just sufficient to cover only the interest charges.

    And whereas Sindh population has been deprived of any advantage in shape of social reform due to the sale of Barrage Land measuring about 17.25 lakh acres valued at Rs. 15crores, this amount being earmarked for repayment of the Barrage Debt.

    And whereas the real capital borrowed for the Barrage is only 25crores.

    And whereas a sum of Rs. 2.75crore is re-debited to Sindh on separation as pre-reform debt while no credit is given for the net surplus of Rs. 7crores on Pre-Barrage irrigation works in Sindh.

    And whereas the province is already over-taxed.

    And whereas all avenues of retrenchment have been explored by the reorganization committee, full effect of which would take very long time to have appreciable effect on Sindh’s finances.

    And whereas increased productivity of the province has increased the revenues of the Central Government from Railways, Posts and Telegraphs Customs, Income-tax and other Departments.

    And whereas under the Otto-Neimeyar settlement all surplus revenue is paid towards repayment of interest alone and nothing would be left for improvement of social services for another 50 years in spite of Central Government’s subvention.

    And whereas it would be impossible for Sindh to pay any additional sum of Rs. 75lakhs from 1942 towards debt settlement; nay interest charges even after receipts from land sales cease corning in after some time.

    This conference strongly urges upon the Government of India to appoint a. committee to investigate the question of liquidating the Barrage debt due regard being paid to the requirements of Sindh for improved social services and meanwhile declare moratorium for repayment of the debt, so that Sindh Government may be able to initiate necessary reforms immediately.

    Mover — M. H. Gazdar, m.l.a

    Seconder — M. A. Khuhro, m.l.a.

    Supporter — Sir Haii Abdullah Haroon, m.l.a, (Central).

     

    RESOLUTION No. 5.

     

    Communal Settlement.

    Whereas the refusal on the part of the Working Committee of the Indian National Congress to negotiate a Communal settlement with the All India Muslim League, on the plea that the All India Muslim League is not the sole repre­sentative body of the Musalmans of India, indicates the Congress resolve to perpetually divide and rule the Muslim Community, and thus once more mar prospects of an amicable and peaceful solution of the Indian minorities problem, four which the League has tried in vain for more than 15 years.

    Whereas the Congress has, by means of its powerful press and purse, launched a campaign of Muslim Mass Contact to cause disruption and division in the muslim community with the object of deceiving the world into the belief that it is the sole representative organization of entire India.

    Whereas it has deliberately established purely Hindu rule in certain provinces by forming ministries either without muslim ministers or with muslim ministers having no following among muslim members, in direct and flagrant violation of the letter andspirit of the Government of India Act, 1935 and the Instrument of instructions.

    Whereas the ministries so formed have established a sort of rule which has for its aim the intimidation and demoralization of muslims, the extermination of the healthy and nation-building influences of muslim culture, the suppression of muslim religious customs and their religious obligations and elimination of their political rights as a separate community.

    Whereas it has in open defiance of the democratic principles persistently endeavored to render the power of the muslim majorities in effective and impotent, in the North Western Provinces, Bengal, the Punjab and Sindh by trying to bring into power or by supporting coalition ministries not enjoying the confidence of the majority of muslim members and the muslim masses of those provinces.

    Whereas Congress has superimposed the authority of its High Command, a sort of fascist dictatorship, over the working of the Congress ministries to prevent the healthy growth of parliamentary conventions and establishment of constitutional traditions, to deprive the muslims of their duo share and have refused to reconstitute ministries in consonance with the constitution, having due regard to the rights and interests of muslims,

    Whereas the Congress have decided:—

    (а) to enforce Vidya Mandir Scheme in the teeth of muslim opposition,

    (b) to foist the Bande-Matram on Muslims and others as a national anthem in callous disregard of the feelings of Muslims who consider the song as not only idolatrous but it is in origin and conception a hymn of hatred to muslims.

    (c) to make Hindi with Devangiri script as the Lingua Franca of India in total defiance of the protests and wishes of the minorities with a view to inculcate Hindu religious ideas, philosophy and culture and establish dominance of Brahmanic culture in India.

    (d) to Introduce and enforce joint electorates in local bodies with the strength of their majority and thus deprive muslims of securing their true representation.

    (e) to close Urdu Schools wherever possible and discourage the teaching of the Urdu language, and thus ultimately wipe it off,

    (f) to suppress freedom of press and freedom of speech and legitimate action under the pretext of preventing incitement to violence and maintenance of law and order.

    (g) to interfere with the age-long religious privileges and usages of the muslim community by force of arm and resort to repressive measures.

    “Whereas the majority community of India has fostered and maintained since thousands of years a rigid caste system of theirs which is a negative of na­tionalism, equality, democracy and all the noble ideals that the modern world as pires to and stands for and which system has further superimposed social and econo­mic inequalities upon a vast body of the people of this country and reduced millions of them to the position of irredeemable he lorts.

    And whereas the evolution of a single united India and united Indian nation inspired by common aspirations and common ideals being impossible of realization on account of the caste-ridden mentality and anti-muslim policy of the majority community, and also on account of acute differences of religion, language, script, culture, social laws and outlook on life of the two major communities and even of race in certain parts.

    ‘This Conference considers it absolutely essential in the interests of an abiding peace of the vast Indian continent and in the interests of unhampered cultural development, the economic and social betterment, and Political self-determination of the two nations known as Hindus and Muslims, to recommend to All India Mus­lim League to review and revise the entire question of what should be the suitable constitution for India which will secure honorable and legitimate status due to them, and that this conference therefore recommends to the All India Muslim League to devise a scheme of Constitution under which muslims may attain full independence.

    Further this conference records its emphatic disapproval of the scheme of the All India Federation as embodied in the Government of India Act, 1935 and is opposed to its introduction and urges upon the British Government to refrain from its enforcement as it considers the scheme to be detrimental to the interests of the India generally and those of the muslims in particular.

    That this conference further declares that no constitution by whomsoever framed will be acceptable to the muslims of India unless it conforms to the principle enunciated above and is prepared in consultation with and accepted by All India Muslim League.

    Mover – Shaikh Abdul majid, M.L.A Sindhi

    Seconder – K. B. Gurmani, M.L.A. (Punjab)

    Supporter – Sir Hajee Abdullah Haroon, M. L. A. (Central), Sayed Abdul Rauf Shah Advocate, M. L. A. (C. P.), Moulana Abdul Hamid Badauni (U. P.)

     

    RESOLUTION No. 6.

    Frontier Policy Revision.

    “This Conference condemns the policy of the Government of India with regard to Waziristan and is strongly of the opinion that the Forward Policy persued with the aid of Guns and Aeroplanes is most inhuman and militates against the best political and economic interests of India and calls upon the Government of India to give up that policy and come back to the Close Border Policy,”

    Mover — Moulana Abdul Hamid, Badauni.

    Seconder — K. S. Fakira Khan Abbotabad.

    Supporter — M. A. Khalique.

     

    RESOLUTION.No, 7.

    “This Conference places on record its deep sympathy with the Indians who have suffered loss of life and property, during the Burma Riots.

    This Conference urges that the Government of India should take effective steps in the matter in order to prevent recurrence of the atrocities and to bring necessary pressure to bear on the Government of Burma to compensate the Indian sufferers in Burma.”

    (From the Chair).

     

    RESOLUTION No. 8.

    “This Conference condemns the agitation of the companies catering for Hedjaz Pildrim Traffic for the fixation of minimum rates for the Hedijaz Pilgrims as highly prejudicial to the interests of the Pilgrims to Hedjaz. While this Conference strongly recommends the fixation of maximum rates by the Government of India in consultation with the Haj Committees and the navigation companies, whatever their number. This conference is definitely of the opinion that the non-muslim commercial enterprises in muslim lands have resulted in the spread of anti-Islamic movements in those lands and endangered the economic interests of the muslim people.

    This conference feels that the time has arrived when the muslim commercial magnets of India in particular and the muslim world in general should float a company of their own. Further this conference makes an appeal to the All India Muslim League to enter into negotiations with the Hedjaz Government to consider the proposal of a Muslim Navigation Steam Company either by introducing a special one rupee tax on the pilgrims or by floating a private company on share system.

    Mover — Moulana Showkatali,

    Seconder — Moulana Abdul Hamid Badauni,

     

    RESOLUTION No. 9.

    This Conference while drawing the attention of the Government of Sindh to the Bank Holidays now existing wherein only four days have been allotted for Muslim festivals out of 24 days, earnestly appeals, to the Sindh Government to include the following days in the said list as public holidays, in view of the proportionate Strength of musalmans in Sindh.

    1. One day of Idul-Uzha.

    2. Haj day

    3. 27th of Rajab (Shabe-Mairaj)

    4. Two days for Muhram (9th and 10th.)

    5. Shab-Kadir 27th Ramzan.

    6. Two days for Idul-Fitr instead of one day

    1

    Proposed — Naimatullah of Sukkur.

    Seconder — Agha Nazarali of Sindh Zamindar Press.

    Supporter — Mian Nabi Baksh of Jacobabad,

     

    RESOLUTION No. 10.

    This Conference earnestly appeals to the Muslim members of the Sindh Legislatures to form a solid and united muslim League party in the Assembly by sinking all their differences, in order to enforce the policy and programme of the all India Muslim League for the betterment of the Musalmans and the Province

    Proposer —Sahibzada Abdul Sattar Jan.

    Seconder —Moulana Abdul Hamid Badauni.

    Supporters–(1)Pir Ghulam Mojadid.(2)Hussain bux Shah, (3)Raja of Mahamood abad, (4) K. B. G. N. Shah, (5)Moulvi Abdul Hai Haqani, (6)Sardar Noor Md. Khan.

     

    RESOLUTION NO 11.

    “This Conference Protest against the continuance of the arbitrary form of Government in British Baluchistan and demands its replacement by a democratic forms as obtaining in other Provinces in India.

    This Conference advises the people of British Baluchistan to establish branches of the Muslim League in their Province and carry on constitutional agita­tion for the introduction of reforms.

    These Conference further advices Sindh Provincial Muslim League to send a deputation of its own to Baluchistan to take stock of the situation there.

    Mover …. Moulvi Sanaullah

    Seconder… M. A. Khalique

     

    Resolution No. 12

    “This Conference condemns the agitation of a section of Hindus against handing over the control of the Sukker Manzilgah Mosque to the Musalmans and deplores the un-sympathetic attitude of the Sindh Government in the matter and urges upon it that the Mosque should be restored to the mussalmans as early as possible.

    Proposed… Sayed Ali Mahemood Rashdi

    Seconder… Agha Nazarali Khan.

     

    RESOLUTION No.13

    “In view of the fact that the Sindh Government have hither to failed to take any steps against those officials who are responsible for the breach in the Sindh Canal Regulator in Sukkur District which has caused terrible damage to the people, specially those of the agricultural class and which has mounted up to the extent of about Rs. 50/- lakhs, this conference urges upon the Government of Sindh to suspend the officials concerned forthwith and appoint an impartial tribunal to enquire into the conduct of the officials involved and award compensation to the sufferers which may be realized from the officials responsible for the catastrophe”

     

    RESOLUTION No. 14.

    “This meeting of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference urges upon the Government of Sindh to introduce at a very early date the following measures for the relief and betterment of the masses in general and agricultural classes particular.

    a) A Bill to prevent alienation of lands of agriculturists to non-agriculturist classes.

    b) A Bill to regulate money-lending business in the Province.

    c) A measure for settlement of debts of Agriculturist classes.

    d) A measure to evolve a scheme whereby agricultural financing is carried on hereafter through some trust-worthy and reliable agency of Government, the rate of interest against such loans not exceeding 4 to 5 per cent.

    e) A measure to spread primary education throughout the length and breadth of the Province by making it free and compulsory with a view that within the course of ten years no part of the Province is devoid of the advantage of free and compulsory education.

    f) Protection of small khatedars.

    g) Provide adequate funds for the nation-building activities as construction of medical aid, veterinary Hospitals, Sanitation etc.

    K. B. M. A. Khuhro, M. L. A. (Mover)

    G. M. Sayed, M, L. A.(Seconder)

     

    RESOLUTION NO. 15.

    “This Conference recommends to Government of Sindh that the repressive laws and measures like the Sindh Frontier Regulation, Criminal Tribes Settlement Act, Press Act, Chapter Section of the Criminal Procedure Code be abrogated forthwith and that undue tyranny and harrassment of the police and petty officials of Government which exists in the province be put an end to; and the masses in the villages be allowed to live in a more healthy and purer atmosphere by breathing more freely and by getting free from the tyrannical rule that exists at present in mofussil life of the Province.

    Kazi Fazlullah Advocate. (Mover)

    Sayed Ali Md. Rashdi. (Seconder)

     

    RESOIUTION NO. 16.

    “This Conference offers congratulations to the mussalmans of the Bengal and the Punjab for their whole-hearted support to the present Ministries and condemns the machinations of the congress and a section of other Hindus for their downfall and strongly resents their nefarious propaganda against the present Ministries.

    This Conference notes with satisfaction the measures of economic relief, rural uplift and educational expansion adopted by the Bengal and the Punjab Govern­ments and earnestly appeals to Muslim members of the Bengal and the Punjab Legislatures to support the present ministries.

    Proposed by…. Mr. Mazhar ali Alavi, Adovcate

    Seconder – Sayed Mohd Aslam Bar-at-Law.

    Supporters – Kazi Fazlullah, Moulvi Sanaullah, Ali Bahadur Habibullab.

     

    RESOLUTION NO. 17.

    This Conference strongly protests against the attitude of the Government of India towards His Highness Mir of Khairpur State by removing him from the State against the wishes of the State people and conveys through this Conference the feeling of the State people in particular and all the muslims of Sindh in general, that Government of India to allow the Mir Sahib to come back to his State for the purpose of its administration.

    Mir Bandeali Khan Talpur. (Mover)

    Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sirhindi. (Seconder)

     

    RESOLUTION No. 18.

    “This Conference strongly condemns the atrocities perpetrated on the people of Tanda in U. P. by the Congress Government of the United Provinces and demands the institution of an impartial public enquiry into the conduct of those responsible for the said atrocities.

    This conference further demands that adequate compensation shall be paid to those sufferers who have been the victims of the said atrocities.”

    Mover — Moulvi Sanaullah,

    Seconder — M. A. khalique

     

    RESOLUTION No. 19.

     

    Resolution Re: K.B. Ijaz Ali Minister Khairpur State.

    “This Conference recognizes the great services rendered by Khan Bahadur Ijaz Ali Minister of Khairpur State and considers his administration as most fair, equitable and conductive to the peace and prosperity of the State.

    This Conference is of opinion that the mischievous propaganda carried on by the Hindu Mahasabha and a section of the Hindu press was absolutely inspired by selfish motives by some of the highly placed Hindu officials of the State and the Conference strongly condemns this sort of propaganda which is calculated to embitter the relations of the two communities in the State.

    This Conference further appeals to the Government of India and the Honour­able the Resident of the Punjab State that since Khairpur was predominantly a Muslim State with eighty two percent muslim population the present Minister might be continued for at least three years more in that office so that he might have the opportunity of continuing his good work in the State.”

    Proposed by K, B. Muhammad Ayub Khuro M.L.A.

    Seconded by Mr. Nazar ali Editor Sind Zamindar Sukkur (Adopted)

     

    RESOLUTION No. 20

    This Conference disapproves of the attitude of the Governor of Sindh in having refuse to summon a Session of the Legislative Assembly forthwith in order to allow the representatives of the people to exercise their constitutional rights to move a vote of no-confidence to consider the conduct of the Sindh ministry, and further to decide the various questions such as the recent enhanced rates of land assessments in particular and various other matters in general, and with a view to disposing of numerous items on the agenda such as private bills, resolutions and questions although the Leader of the Opposition made a clear and specific request for calling an immediate Session and secondly, for having refused to recommend Mr. Gazder’s Bill regarding money-lenders, to the Legislative Assembly for con­sideration.

     

    RESOLUTION No. 21

    This Conference declares that the Muslims have no confidence in the Sindh Ministry as it is at present constituted and which is maintained not only contrary to the wishes of the over whelming majority of the muslim members in the Assembly but of the muslims all over Sindh.

    Further this conference is of opinion that this ministry deserves condemnation.

    (a) For having imposed the increased land assessment rates in defiance of the unanimous public opinion and in defiance of the resolution of the United Party, whose nominees the ministers were, and to the passage of which they themselves were a party,

    (b) For having refused to resign from the Cabinet when their party called upon them to do so.

    (c) For having resigned from the United Party.

    (d) For having failed to do any thing for the uplift of the masses.

    (e) For having been the cause of increase in the tax payer’s burden due to the creation of new high-salaried appointments,

    (f) For having been the cause of the Assembly Session being not called in defiance of public opinion resulting in the paralysation of the constitution in this province.

    (g) For having tried all along to create disruption in the Muslim ranks.

     

    The Sindh Provincial First Muslim League Conference Karachi

    Receipts & Payments Account For The Period Ending 10th November 1938

     

    Rs.

    A.

    P.

    Rs.

    A.

    P.

    To Donations Collected

     

     

     

    4350

    0

    0

    To Sale of Tickets

     

     

     

    4885

    14

    0

    To Sale of Flags

    29

    12

    0

     

     

     

    To Rent of Shops

    36

    0

    0

     

     

     

    To Sale of Bamboos

    24

    0

    0

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    89

    12

    0

    To Donations for Gates

     

     

     

    328

    3

    6

    Total

     

     

     

    9653

    13

    6

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    By Salaries, Wages Labour Charges & Cartage

    415

    0

    0

     

     

     

    By Office Rent

    40

    0

    0

     

     

     

    By Postage, Telegrams

    390

    10

    0

     

     

     

    By Miscellaneous expenses and bad Coins

    59

    6

    6

     

     

     

    By Reception Expenses (Sindh)

    22

    0

    0

     

     

     

    By Stationary, Printing, Handbills

    1063

    1

    6

     

     

     

    By Newspapers, Blocks, Photoes

    175

    7

    6

     

     

     

    By Tea, Food, Meals, Pots, etc.

    198

    10

    9

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    2364

    4

    3

    By Conveyance, Hire of Taxies, Travelling and allowances

     

     

     

    1559

    11

    0

    By Hire of furniture, flags, horses, carriage, camels, hall and maidan etc.

     

     

     

    1394

    7

    0

    By General decorations, etc.

     

     

     

    509

    4

    6

    By Pandal construction account

     

     

     

    1089

    12

    6

    By Aeroplane, Radio, Electric, Lights and charges, etc

     

     

     

    1757

    7

    6

     

     

     

     

    8674

    14

    9

    Balance Cash

     

     

     

    978

    14

    9

     

     

     

     

    9653

    13

    6

     

    Note:

    1. Donations as per list amount to Rs. 4900/- 550/- are reported outstanding.

    2. Sale of tickets Rs. 274-12-0 are reported outstanding as per statement.

    3. Donors have been given tickets against Donations as per statement.

    4. Payments include “On Account Payments” for construction of Pandal, Electric, Service connection and Deposited, with Municipal Corporation for use of Idgah Maidan etc. (to be adjusted). 

    Karachi 21st November 1938 Examined and found correct Haji Abdoola Haroon

    Sd/-M. Dalal Chairman and Treasurer

    Honorary Auditor

    Sindh Provincial Muslim League Conference

    List of donation received

    Name

    Rs

    As

    Ps

    Seth sir haji Abdullah Haroon

    1000

    0

    0

    Mr. M. H. Guzder

    100

    0

    0

    Syed Khairshah M. L. A.

    100

    0

    0

    Mr. Muhammad Parial retired Mukhtiarkar

    10

    0

    0

    Tando Wali Muhammad Hyderabad Sindh

     

     

     

    Agaria Muhammad Moosa

    25

    0

    0

    Sir Ghulam Hasain Hidayatullah

    200

    0

    0

    Seth Adam Ali Yoosaf ali

    25

    0

    0

    M/s Haji Meherbux Moulabux

    300

    0

    0

    M/s Haji Ismail Muhammad Ashraf

    60

    0

    0

    M/s Haji Ismail Muhammad Ashraf

    61

    1

    1

    M/s Haji Ismail Muhammad Ashraf

    62

    2

    2

    M/s Haji Ismail Muhammad Ashraf

    63

    3

    3

    M/s Haji Ismail Muhammad Ashraf

    64

    4

    4

    Anonymous.

    25

    0

    0

    Seth Muhammad Ishak

    25

    0

    0

    Seth Haji Yousaf Haji Nabi Bux

    50

    0

    0

    K. B. Jan Muhammad Khan Pathan

    100

    0

    0

    K. B. Muhammad Ayoob Khan Khoro

    50

    0

    0

    Seth Haji Nek Muhammad

    25

    0

    0

    Seth Haji Imam bux Chandoo

    50

    0

    0

    Seth Ahmed Dada Adam soomar

    25

    0

    0

    K. S. Baboo Fazal Ellahi

    50

    0

    0

    Seth Ahmed Ali Yousaf Ali Rawalpindiwalla

    200

    0

    0

    Seth Husainbhoy Adamji

    50

    0

    0

    Seth T. A. Mandvi Walla

    101

    0

    0

    Seth Haji Habib Haji Rihmatullah

    50

    0

    0

    Seth Ammeeji Waliji. & Sons

    50

    0

    0

    Seth Yousif Ali A. K. & Co.

    101

    0

    0

    Seth Yousif Ali A. K. & Co.

    102

    1

    1

    Seth Yousif Ali A. K. & Co.

    103

    2

    2

    Seth Yousif Ali A. K. & Co.

    104

    3

    3

    Seth Moosabhoy Karimji & sons

    51

    0

    0

    Seth K. B. Allah bux gabole

    25

    0

    0

    Shaikh Muhammad Abdullah

    100

    0

    0

    Agha Shamsuddin M. L. A.

    50

    0

    0

    Nawab Makhdum Murid Hussain

    100

    0

    0

    Grand Total.

    4350

    0

    0

    List Of Donation promised but still outstanding

     

     

     

    K. B. Muhammad ayoob khoro

    50

    0

    0

    Mir Bundayali khan talpur

    100

    0

    0

    Sardar Bahadur Jan Muhammad

    200

    0

    0

    Rais Rasool Bux Unner M. L. A.

    100

    0

    0

    Mr. Yoursaf Haji Hoti

    25

    0

    0

    Agha Shamsuddin M. L. A.

    50

    0

    0

    Mr. Hassan ali haji Mir Muhammad baloch

    25

    0

    0

     

    550

    0

    0

     

     

     

     

    Total Cash

    4350

    0

    0

    Total not cashed

    550

    0

    0

    Grand Total

    4900

     

     

     

     

  • HINDUS/NON MUSLIMS

    HINDUS/NON-MUSLIMS IN KALHORA AND TALPUR GOVERNMENTS

     Adomal Khalomal, Diwan (Militry Officer in Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro’s Government and was martyered  in war with Mughuls); Ajaibrai Diwan Fathsing Butani (Diwan in Mir’s Government of Hyderabad); Ajumal, Diwan (Forefather of Ajwani caste/ surname. Diwan of Mir Sohrab Khan of Khairpur); Amalrai Chhutomal Ajwani, Diwan(Diwan of Mir Mubarak Khan of Khairpur); Awatrai Malkani, Munshi (Finance Minister of Mir Sobdar Khan); Ajumal, Diwan- forefather of Ajwani caste- Diwan of Mir Sohab Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Anbomal, Diwan ( Forefather of Anbwanis- Incharge of Modikhana of Mir’s  Government of Khairpur); Bazarimal Anbomal, Diwan (Kardar in Government of Khairpur); Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan (Mir Munshi in the Govrnment of Mir Sorab Khan of Khairpur); Butasing ( Forefather of Butanis- Kardar in Kalhora’s Government); Dalpatrai Ajwani, Diwan (Diwan of Mir Rustom Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Devrajmal Bahrnani,Seth ( Ambardar at Nasrpur in Mirs’ Governments); Dhanichand, Diwan (The Chief Treasurer in the Government of Mir Sohrab Khan of Khairpur); Fatihsing Tejsing Butani (Diwan in Mir’s Government of Hyderabad); Chandasing Kansing, Diwan ( Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Gidumal, Diwan ( Forefather of Gidwanis,  Diwan in the Government of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro, played vital roie to bring Mian Muhammad Murad Yar Khan Kalhoro in power; after the death of Mian Noor Muhammad he was appointed Diwan by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro in his Government; also remained Diwan in Mir’s/ Talpurs’ Government; He supervised the constrution work of Hyderabad Fort;established his own village  Gidu Jo Tando;. He was political and diplomatic figure of his own right.); Hotsing Shikarpuri, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in Mir Ali Murad Khan’s Government); Jethmal Belaram,Diwan (Governor of Shikarpur with his own Mint during Kalhora period and later on Finance Minister to the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Jaromal Budhardas Ahuja( Nawab in Talpurs’ period); Jitomal Bajaj, Seth (Modi in Mir’s Governments); Jethanand alies Diwan Ajwani (Diwan of Mir Rustam Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Kansing Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan (Minister in the Government of Mir  Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur);  Khatansing Hotsing, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur’s Government and  Assistant Minister in the  Government of Mir Faiz Muhammad Talpur of Khairpur); Kiratrai Ajaibrai Butani, Diwan (Kardar in Mirs; Government at Hyderabad);Kishandas Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan (Munshi to Mir Sohrab Khan and Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Lakhmichand, Diwan (Diplomat in the Government of Mir Rustam Khan and Auditor General in the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Laldas, Diwan ( Family Doctor of Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Majlisrai Thadhani, Diwan (Diwan and Minister of Mirs of Tando Muhammad Khan); Mangharam Mishi Vishindas, Diwan ( Mukhtyarkar in the Government of Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Mawaldas Sagrani, Diwan (Diwan at Khudaabad in Kalhoras’ Governments); Molaram Kansing, Diwan ( Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur);Partabrai, Diwan (Diplomat in the Government of Mir Rustom Khan Talpur and Auditor General in the Government of Mir Muras Ali Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Ramchand Tharomal Ramchandani, Diwan (Various posts in Mirs’ Government) ; Ramsing Bhanbhomal, Diwan ( Madar-ul- Maham in Mirs’ Government of Khairpur); Sajansing Kansing, Diwan (Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan Talpur of Khairpur); Sanwaldas Anbomal, Diwan (Kardar in Government of Mirs of Khairpur); Shankardas Kismatrai Sadhwani,Diwan ( Kardar in Mir’s Government of Hyderabad); Sunderdas Adomal, Diwan (Militry officer in the time of Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro and was martyered in war with Mughuls); Tejsing Butasing, Diwan (Diwan in Sehwan in Mirs’ Government); Utamchand Kansing, Diwan (Advisor to Mir Ali Murad Khan of Khairpur); Valiram Advavani ( Minister in Mirs’ Government of Hyderabad); Valiram Munshyani, Diwan (Minister in Talpur Government of Hyderabad);Vasayomal Adomal, Diwan (Militry officer in Mian Noor Muhammad Kalhoro’s Government and was martyered in war with Mughuls); Vishindas Bhagwandas Kakreja, Diwan ( Munshi to Mir Sohrab Khan and Mir Ali Murad Khan of Khairpur);Wadhumal, Diwan (Mukhtyarkar in Mir Sohrab Khan Talpur of Khairpur. He was compelled to embrace Islam by force by Makhdooms of Khuhra);

  • CASTES AND SURNAMES

    PROMINENT CASTES AND SURNAMES OF SINDHI HINDUS/ NON-MUSLIMS 

    BY DR. DUR MUHAMMAD PATHAN
    FOUNDER GUL HAYAT INSTITUTE. 
    WEBSITE:     http://www.gulhayat.com   
    Email:     gulhayat2010@gmail.com


    Abichandani, Acharya; Achhra; Achtani; Achwani;  Advani; Adyani; Agnani; Ahuja; Ailani; Ailsingani;  Ajwani; Akali; Alimchandani; Alwani; Amarnani; Ambwani; Anandani; Anwani; Awtani; Asrani; Asarphota; Aswani; Athwani; Babani; Babur;  Badlani; Bagai; Bahrnani; Bajaj; Bakhru; Bakhtiani; Balani; Balchandani; Balwani; Bandrani; Basantani;  Batheja; Bellara; Bhagat;Bhagia; Bagatiani; Bedi;Bedlani; Bhagwanani; Bhambhani; Bharvani; Bhatia; Bhavnani;Bhaiyani; Bhayat; Bhojwani; Bijlani; Bodhi; Bodwani;Bolkani; Boolkani; Budhrani; Budhwani; Bulchandani; Bulli; Bukho; Butani; Buxani; Chabria; Chagwani; Chainani; Chalwani; Chandiramani; Chand; Chadnani; Chanchlani; Chandwani;Chainramani; chandwani; Chawla; Chelani; Chelaramani; Chhablani; Chhatlani; Chetwani;  Chitale; Chhapro; Chhatpar; Chhatwani; Chowdhri; Chowthani; Chugh; Chaghiria; Changlani; Chugani; Dadlani; Dalal; Dalwani; Dani; Dembla; Deenani;  Devani; Dhakani;  Dhameja; Dhanjani; Dhanwani; Dharamdasani; Dheermilani; Dheerwani;  Dhingra; Diowani; Diyanalani;  Dodeja; Dudani; Durgapuri; Fatnani;  Gabani; Gajra; Gajwani; Gangani; Gajwani;  Gawalani;  Gehani; Gehi; Gharibdasani; Ghanshamdasani; Gianchandani; Gidvani; Godhia; Gogia;  Goil;  Goklani; Golani; Gopalani; Gulrajani; Gulnani;  Gunani; Gurnasingani; Gupta; Gur;  Gurbaxani; Gurnani; Gurshahani; Gursihani; Harchandani; Hardwani; Hargunani; Harijani; Harisingani; Harjpalani; Harpalani; Haryani; Harwani; Harwani; Haseja; Hathiramani;Himthani; Himathsingani; Hinduja ; Hazari; Hemnani; Hemrajani; Hingorani; Hiranandani; Hirani; Hirwani; Idnani; Ijwani; Israni Jadwani;; Jagani; Jagtiani; Jagyasi; Jaindani; Jaisingani; Jaising; Jali; Janjani; Jasooja; Jeswani; Jethani; Jethra;  Jethmilani; Jetley; Jewatani; Jewatramani;  Jhamnani; Jhangiani; Jhoryani; Jhuramalani;  Jodhwani; Jog, Joshi; Jotwani; Kakwani; Kalro; Kalani; Kaltar;  Kalwani; Kalyadasani; Kalyani;  Kamalani; Kanal; Kanul; Kapur; Karanmilani; Karamchandani;; Karna;  Karira; Kella;  Keswani; Kharna; Khealani; Khtanhar; Khatri;  Khatwani; Khimani;   Kewalramani; Khanchandani; Khatanmalani; Khatwani; Khilani; Khilnani; Khiyani; Kikla; Kirpalani; Khitani;  Kimatsinghani; Kinger; Kishnani; Kodnani; Kodwani; Kotwani;  Kshatria; Khubchandani; Kukreja; Kundnani;Lachhani; Lagu;  Laheja;Lahori; Lakhani;  Lakhoomalani; Lala; Lalani; Laljani; Lakhandani; Lakhwani; Lalwani; Langhani; Laungani; Ledwani; Lekhwani; Likhani; Lilani; Loda; Lokwani; Lulla; Madnani; Mahboobani; Mahrvarti;  Mahtani;  Mahrotri; Maidasani;  Makhija; Makhijani; Makwani; Malani; Malhi;Malkani;Makhijani; Mamtani;  Mamtora; Manchandia; Manghnani; Manghirmalani; Mangtiani;  Mani; Mankani;Mankodi; Manwani; Manyal; Mata;  Melsinghani; Musharamani; Munsukhani; Maniar; Mariwala;  Masand; Matri; Mathrani; Mehta; Menghani; Menghrajani; Merani; Methwani; Milwani; Mirchandani;  Mohnani; Molwani;Moriani; Morjani; Motani; Motyani; Motiramani; Motwani; Mukhi; Mulchandani; Mulani; Mulwani; Nachnan; Nagdev; Nagrani; Nagwani; Nadooani; Nain; Nainani; Nainwani; Nankani; Narang; Naraindasani; Narsinghani; Nariani; Narsain;Narwani;  Nasta; Nathani; Navani; Nebhwani; Nihalani; Nichnani; Notani; Oad; Ojha; Pagrani; Pahalajani; Pamnani;Pania;  Panjabi; Pajwani;  Paran;Pardasani; Parohat; Parsani; Parsramani; Parvani; Paryani;  Pawar; Peswani;  Pherwani;  Pulwani; Pulwar; Primlani; Pohuja; Pohujani; Poojara; Pravin; Premalani; Purswani; Punwani; Rachindani; Radhakrishani; Raghani; Raghwani; Raheja; Raichandani;   Raisinghani; Rajani, Rajmalani; Rajput; Rajnani; Ramchandani; Ramnani;  Ramrakhiani; Ramrasar; Ramtri; Ramvani; Rao kanghar; Ratnani; Ratwansi; Rawalani; Rawtani; Reejhsinghani; Relani; Relvani; Rewani;  Rijhwani; Rohra; Rochwani;  Roopani; Roopchandani; Ruchandani; Sabhani; Sachani; Sachnandani;  Sadnani; Sadarangani; Sadhwani; Sainani; Sajnani; Sakhrani; Shahani; Salvani; Sajnani; Samtani; Sangtani; Santlalani; Sanwnani; Shastri; Sathiria; Satwani; Sawlani; Savant; Satani; Sethani; Seerwani; Seetpal;  Sewani; Shahdadpuri; Shamnani;  Sharma; Shahani; Shewakrani;  Shewaramani; Shingrani;Shringi; Shivani; Shivdasani; Sipahimalani; Sipro; Sitlani; Sodha; Sodhwani; Solanki; Somani; Somia; Soni; Sonijee; Sonper; Suchde; Sujan; Sujansinghani; Sukheja; Sukhpal; Sukhwani; Sudarani; Tahilramani; Tahiliani; Takhifiani; Talreja; Tanwarmalani; Tanwani;Tarachandani;  Teknani; Tejuja; Tejwani; Teckchandani; Tejwani; Thadani; Thairani; Thakur; Thanwani; Tharwani;Thanwardasani;  Tharani,Thawani; Tilokchandani; Tilwani;  Tolani; Tulsiyani; Udasi; Utamchandani; Valecha; Valramani; Valyani; Varma; Varyani; Vaswani; Vazirani; Vedhani; Veerwani; Visyani; Wadhwani; Watnani.

     

     

  • GM MEHKRI

    G.M. MEHKRI WRITES TO ME: (DR. DUR MUHAMMAD PATHAN)

     

    I founded Gul Hayat Institute at my Village Khair Muhammad Arija, in 1990. My senior friends very kindly remained in my touch and started appreciating my new move. Dr. G.M. Mehkri was one of them. On 6th of June 1991, he sent me letter and that is reproduced here as it covers so many things: His vision & wisdom, love for new trends and moral support for me.

     

    My Dear Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan

    Great congratulations. May your work become the seed of manysuch deliberately small, highly local, intensively interesting, deeply rootedcooperatively uphold (generation after generation )educational, cultural andhistorical institutions, all over Sindh.
    You have so already very discrestly avoided the magile maniaof trying to build, like the honey – bee, from top to bottom. Institutions likehuge and hollow drums are excellent for making noise that they are there. Frombottom to top is what the ever enduring pyramids.
    As you know all too well, the Research work being turned outby the Institute of Sindhology could be stepped up a thousand fold, is SindhScholars, writers, even the socalled ILLITERATE poets from all over Sindh couldbecome part and parcel of the group – thinking of the Institute.
    I was amazed at the sight of venerable Savants in rags, thevery heart and soul of Sindhi literary and poetic culture, who attended thegreat seminar held, because of the labours of Dr.Abbasi, some years back, atKhairpur. Neither they knew theexistence of the Institute of Sindhology, nor knew of their existence. Theycame from the remote villages and goths of Sindh, with Sindhi culture andthought as their only asset; but ignored just because they had not adnornedthemselves with tinsil degrees. Often degrees in ignrance, and worse,confusing.
    Think, just think about Homer & Shakespere being ignoredjust because they were not degree holders !!!
    For the enduring work, the real leaders do their best tocreate leadership around them. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan surrounded himself withpeople greater than himself in their respective fields, Hali, a greaterpoet, a gtreater historian, a greater organiser etc etc. Soalso Mahatma Gandhi surronded himself wit a greater internationalist, Valabhai Patel, a greater organisers,greater economists so on. Much earlier, Akbar surrounded himslf with hisimmortal Nauratans. He did not at all hesitate to embrace the Revenue Ministerof Sher Shah himself, Raja Todarmal, as his own Finance Minister. All that hewanted was that his work should outlast him.
    “There is not even eight man to Jinnah in his Muslim League”recoerded Reverly Nechols in his book “Verdict On India”. Because Jinnahtolerated only the Ninth Raters, his Muslim League was deeply buried along withhim.
    Today’s enduring leadership consists in building up a strongstructure of trained leadership behind. A pyramid, and not a bee – hive. Frombottom to top. Otherwise Institutions built with all love and care, get buried alongwith their Founders.
    You Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan, have built up Gul Hayat . Sureyou want it to long long outlive you. This can only be done by developingleadership inspired by you in the services of larkanians and Sindh. Dur Muhammad you do notwant it to be a mushroom, like a many others, with not even a tomb –stone. Keepthe UNESCO and SIMTHSONIAN INSTITUTE regularly informed of your wondeful work.The Folk architecture of Sindh is fast getting wiped out. Sindh isbecoming VANASING SINDH. OnlyInstitutions like yours can help delay the destruction. Make extensive use ofphotography, even in a small way. In your Institution, kindly give extensivelectures on the Culture os Sindh, and also most specially in Sindhi language in various Sindhitowns and Goths. Copy the manner in which the Roman catholics in your towns andvillages build their cherches.
    Dr.Dur Muhammad Pathan should be remembered a hundred years,hence, in the same way as Sir Syed Ahmad is remembered today. Entrust differentphases of your vast work to differententhusiastics . Give them the freest of hands to develop their own creativity.
    Due to age and disease, I have become cripple. So, I can notvisit your Institute. If you happen to be in Karachi, kindly do try to see me.Cultivate Press Publicity as much as you can and publish News Letter also.

    Yours Sincerely

    G.M. Mehkri

     

  • SINDHI HINDU’S CONTRIBUTION

    SINDHI HINDU’S CONTRIBUTION FOR SINDH & IN SINDH

    CHRONOLOGYREFLECTING SOCIAL, CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OFMINORITIES DURING BRITISH PERIOD.

    (During British Rule , that is from 1843 to1947, Sindhi Hindus played vital role in the development and progress of the Society. Cosequetupon the DIVIDE AND RULE policy of British Government, a few but very seriousdifferences also occured between Hidus and Muslims of Sindh in the fields of politics and religion.However, the role played by Hindus for Noble Cause cannot be under estimetd and ignored.This segment of our Society gave SindhColleges,Hospitals and Gardens.After the partition of India, majority of Hindusleft their Homeland, either by misguidance, or by fear of dark and unproctedfuture.By disownig their Motherland, they deprived themselves of the History and Historicalrecords. 
    Keepingin view the role played by Hindus and making the History of Sindh to someextent COMPLETE STORY, Gul HayatInstitute realised its Historical Research obligations to include the role ofHindus in our Research Project. You will find a lot ofmaterial/data/information on the subject/topic on this website (www.gulhayat.com). Such as Political parties,History of Freedom Movement ,their Social and Culturalorganisations etc. 
    Inthis initiate, we have applied SAMPLE METHOD to narrate the story. Though, alot of material/information/data is available on the subject/topic,but it isimpossible for a single man to complete the task single handed. Gul HayatInstitute and its contribution is my SOLO FLIGHT. Tomorrow, it will be amazingand unbelieving for our young generations to accept that only one man can dosuch a wonderfull job. I am happy that aspects of History covered by me arepart of our Untoled History. I am trying to pave way for further research.(Dr.Dur Muhammad Pathan)

    23.1.1863 
    Bulchandkundanmal Advani is born in Hyderabad. After doing LLB in 1881 statartedpractice, remained Councillsor HyderabadMuncipality for twenty years. He wasMember of Managing Committee of “Khuda Abad Amil Panchyat”. He breathed hislast in 1933
    19/2/1879
    JagatraiIssardas Shivdasani takes birth at Hyderabad.Later on he became Educationalist & writer. After 1947 left Sindh forKotah, Rajistan.
    December1882
    Though dateand month not confirmed but, it is sure that in 1882, first ever organization :Sindh Sabha: takes birth. The association consisting of Hindus & Muslimsworked for social up lift and also influenced the society for working forbetter change. Sindh Sabha took part indirectly in Muncipal elections also.

    15/3/1814
    Consequentupon developing differences with Hindu members in the meeting of “Sindh Sabha”,Mr Hassan Ali Affandi formed “Sindh Muhammadan Association”. It proved to bevery active organization till separation of Sindh from Bombay presidency.
    28/12/1885
    All IndiaCongress Committee takes birth.
    17.1.1889 
    LalsingHazarising Ajwani takes birth in khairpur. Later on he beame Writer & Educationist.in 1919 became professor in Ahmedabad and after some time in D.J.S.Collegekarachi .in 1947 left for Bombay.
    20.9.1889 
    Hashmatrailekhraj Chablani takes birth at Hyderabad. Later on knows as H.L.chablani,welknown Educationist and Leading Sindh Anti Seprationist and Freedom Fighter. He breathed his last in 1933
    5.8.1909 
    Shri SwamiHansaswaroopji Mahraj, the well-known Hindi orator and preacher delivers hisfirst lectrue in Hindhi on HINDU RELIGION at the “Santan Dharama Sabha”,situated on lidbitter Road, Garden Quarters Karachi.
    14.7.1909 
    “Brahma SamajMandir” Karachi, celebrates Sadhu Hirannand Memorial Day at Khalikdina Hall.Seth Harchandrai presides over the function. Prof.S.C.Shahani and prof.T.Lwaswani amongst speakers.
    7.8.1909 
    Karpur SrinvasRao deliver his lecture on the topic of “Vedanta”. The programme was organisedby Brahma Mandir, Karachi.
    8.8.1909 
    P.Vaswanidelivers his lecure oin the topic of “Discourses on the Religion ofrenunciation” in the programme arranged by “Brahma Mandir Karachi.”
    14.8.1909 
    Prof.T.L.Vaswanispeaks on the topic of “Gita” in the lecture programme arranged by BrahmaMandir, Karachi.

     

    20.9.1909 
    Prof.T.L.Vaswanidelivers his lecture on the topic of “The prefect sage” in the lectureprogramme arranged by Brahma Mandir, karachi.
    9.6.1910 
    Prof.T.LVaswanileaves for Barlin, to participate in “Wolrd congress of the Free Christainity& Relogious progress”
    10/2/1911
    KalyanBhulchand Advani takes birth at Hyderabad.Later on he earned name & fame as a teacher, writer and critic. After 1947he migrated to India.
    2/2/1912
    Publicmeeting presided over by Seth Harchandrai records the perfound gratification universally awakened by therecent Royal visit to India.Dr Dhalla, Mr. Nicholas, H.P.Farrell, E. Raymond, Bernard Temple. T.L. Vaswani,Lokomal Chelaram, Gidomal Lekhraj and other amongst participants. 
    23/2/1912
    “The AryaYoung Men’s Association”, Karachiarranged religious debate on the topic of “The evils of flesh eating”.
    21.4.1912 
    The religious debate on “Cremation, or burial of thedead” which had been going on in the “Arya young men’s Association” betweensome Mohammadan & Chrsitian gentlemen for some weeks come to a close.
    27.4.1912 
    Ram Sewaklal opens the discussion on the subject “TheEternity of the Soul and of Matter” arranged and organized by “Arya young Men’sAssociation, Karachi.”
    7.6.1912 
    Mr. youngHasband, Commissioner Sindh, innagurates “Tahilam Khemchand Dharamshala” inKarachi.Tahiram Khemchand entered Municipality in 1887, and became its president in 1896. He breathedhis last at the age of 42. Dharamshala named after him was some sort of homage to be paid to the late for his servicesrendered by him for the Society. Dharamshala sitatued at Harris Road costed 35thousand Rupees and building was desigen by Mea Sham lee.
    27/6/1912
    Mr Tarachanddelivers his lecture on the topic of “The Messege of Dayanand”, the lectureprogram arranged by “The Arya Young men’s Association”, Karachi.
    22/10/1913
    Harumal IssardasSadarangani takes birth at Shahdadpur. Later on became scholar, poet &writer. In 1947 he left for Delhi. 
    25.12.1913 
    TheAll-India Theistic Conference starts at Karachi, Dr.J.T.Sunderland presides.Welcome address by Dewan Tarachand. T.L.Vaswani’s innagural speech veryimpressive. Dr.N.R.Sarkar, K.K.Mitter, V.R.Shindle (General Secretary of theconference), Lalit Mohan Das, Sir Narayan Chandavar kar, Raman Bhai Manipatram,Dr.B.S.Ghosh & Lala Kirshan amongstparticipant. The conference to continue for more three days.
    26/12/1913
    Karachi hosts 28thhAnnual Session of All-India Congress Committee. Details available on Gul Hayatwebsite.( www.gulhayat.com)
    8.1.1914 
    BrahmoMandir observes Death Anniversary of keshub Chandra Seen.
    22.2.1914 
    “BandhuMandal, Karachi, celebrates its 4th Anniversary under chairmanshipof Seth Jasraj Valji. Mohanji M.Varma, Dr.K.B.Patel & Ramji Manji Vaderaamongst speakers”
    7/5/1914
    The “Karachi citizensAssociation” in its Annual General meeting elects Office-bearers as under:
    Harchandri Vishindas(President), G.G .Chagla and Jamshed N.R.Mehta(V.Ps), Durgdas B.Advani & Assanmal B.Advani Secretaries.
    ManagingCommittee: Lokomal Chelaram, Motilal, Framroz E.Panthakey, Chapsi, Wadhoomal Udhram,Abdul Rahman, Deepchand Chandumal & Tikamdas
    15.6.1914 
    Shriamn MahatmaMunshiramji, Governor of the Guru Kula Kangri, Hardwar delivers his lecture onthe topic of “Our Education l needs” at
    Khalikdina Hallon the invitation of Karachi Arya Smaj. Yesterday topic of his lecture was“What is the Arya Smaj”
    18/7/1914
    “Shri BirahKhashtri Shayat Mandli” takes birth in Karachi.Seth Naraindas Vairam Chatpar, Dr. Narsidas Pitambardas Sodha, JamnadasVilabhdas Sadani, Rochiram Gangaram Sadani, Manikal Maghomal Jethmilani andPahlajrai Haromul are the founder members.
    18/2/1915
    Gobind SinghMansukhani takes birth at Hyderabad.He left for Delhiafter 1947. Did M.A, L.L.B & Ph.D and earned name & fame as educationist& writer.
    23.1.1916 
    BhaghatNarumal of Manjhad gives a discourse on “Shewa” at “Prem Mandli” Office,situated in the Faiz Hussaini Building at Bunder road, Karachi.
    9/2/1916
    In wellattended gathering organized by the “young Amil’s Association,” Karachi, PanditJewanlal delivers Lecturer on the topic of “Social drawbacks of Hindhs”.Hotchand Chandanmal, Ghulam Ali Chagla, Mohan Lal, Dulatram Rewachand, DargdasB.Advani & Dr.D.G.Advani amongst participants.
    17/2/1916
    In thegathering arranged by the “Young Amils’ Association, Karachi, Rewachand Vassanmal delivers lectureon the topic of “What should our Pandat do.”
    24/2/1916
    AdvocateKhemchand Gopaldas delivers lecture on the topic of the “wanted a leader.” Thegathering was organized by the “young Amil’s Association,”Karachi.
    2/3/1916
    EminentWriter & Teacher Pahlajrai Lilaram Vaswani delivers his lecture on thetopic of “Practical ways and means toimprove ourselves.” The “Young Amils’ Association,” Karachi organizes the function.
    5/3/1916
    “KarachiSocial service league” celebrates its first Anniversary in Karachi. Amongst participants: Prof.Shahani(Patron of the League), Jethmal Parsram, Wadhumal, Lalchand Amardinomal, SethGidumal Fatihchand, Shamdas Gidwani (secretary), Bheromal lekhraj,Dr.Khoobchand, Dr.Doulatram, Advani,Dewan Wasanmal, Nirbhdas Durgdas, Bheromal& Maharchand Advanbi, Partabsing Shahani, H.Mevaram,Esardas Paromal &Toormal etc.
    19/3/1916
    “Karachi Social service League” arranges to stage drama forthe benefit of children studying in Municipal Schools of Karachi.
    27/3/1916
    “The Karachicitizen’s Association” lauds valuable services rendered by Lord Harding for theIndia & British subject.Harchandrai Vishidas presides over the meeting heldin to Khalikdina Hall,Karachi.R.B.Alumal Tikamdas,K.B.Nusserwanjee,R.Mehta,Jamshed N.R Mehta, Gidumal Lekhraj, Framroz E.Panthakey,Durgdas B.Advni, Lokumal Chelaram, D.D.Dhalla and Others amongst speakers.
    4/5/1916
    In thefunction organized by the “young Amils’ Association” Karachi, Dr.Batra delivers his lecture on thetopic of the “First Aid to ourselves”
    19/5/1916
    “The young Amils’Association” organizes lecturer programme. Achalsingh Advani delivers lecture on the topic of “DetiLeti & Amil Marriage”. Vazirmal, Registrar of the Judicial Commissionerchairs the gathering.
    31/5/1916
    SwamiDeyanand delivers lecture on the topic of the “Yoga practice”. The “youngAmils’ Associaion,” Karachiearns good name for arranging such typeof lectures.
    5/6/1916
    In themeeting of,The“Karachi Citizen’s Associatation, decision is taken to start“Gokhale Memorial Fund.”
    10/6/1916
    The “Karachi citizen’sAssociation” arranges series of lectures on the topic of the “Autonomy ofSindh” in first lecture today the speakers favored the autonomy of Sindh onadministrative and economic grounds.
    14/6/1916
    “The youngAmils’ Association,” Karachi,elects its office-bearers for the year 1916 as under:
    Managingcommittee: Durgdas B.Advani, Hotchand Chandumal, Khanchand Parmanand, ChandiramManikraj, Bulchand Khemchand, Gobindram Dharamdas, Shamdas Partbrai, KhanchandGopaldas & Rweachand Vassanmal.
    TahilramKhanchand (Captain Cricket team)
    TulsidasHashmatrai (Captain Cricket team)
    AssadomalHukumatrai (Sec: Tennis)
    18/6/1916
    HaromalPremchand Sharma, Editor of the “Sansar Chakkjar,” delivers lecture on thetopic of “Hindu Religion.” “The young Amils’ Association,” Karachi, organizes the function.
    21.6.1916 
    Swami Devanandadeliver his first lecture to be followed by series of lectures arranged by“Hindu Shewak Mandal” of karachi
    29/6/1916
    ShewasingH.Ajwani of sukkur delivers his lecture on the topic of “Education we need”.“The yound Amils’ Association,” Karachi,provides platform.
    1.7.1916 
    “HinduShewak Mandal” of Karachi celebrates its 1st anniversary at KhalikdnioHall Karachi.
    12/10/1916
    In themeeting arranged by the “The yound Amils’ Association,” Karachi, Dr.Dhalla delivers his lecture onthe topic of the “Nationalism.”
    14.11.1916 
    “Arya Samaj” Karachi, elects its office bearer as under:
    DayaramHemraj (President), Rewachand Bhugtanai (V.President), Chandra Bhanu Shewak(Hon.Secratary), keshavdes Verma (joint secretary), Ram shewaklal Gupta(library incharge),Maoji Master (Treasurer). Managing Committee: Nathoram,lakshmandas, Mahadev & Dialji.
    28/11/1916
    DeumalRijhumal delivers lecture on the topic of “Improvements in marriage customs.”It was arranged by “The young Amils’ Association,” Karachi,

    2/12/1916
    “D.J.S CollegeLiteracy & Debating Society”, Karachi, organizes the lecture of E.M.Pratt,Judicial Commissioner on the topic of “The Ethics of War”.
    7/12/1916
    “The youngAmils’ Association,” Karachi,arranges debate on the topic of “Pardah,” with Khemchand Gopaldas,Advocate asits principal speaker.
    9/12/1916
    Dr. J.Fitzgerald delivers his lecture on the topic of “Young India” in the lectureProgram organised by the D.J.S College Literacy & Debating society, Karachi.
    15/12/1916
    HyderabadDistrict Congress Committee demands for separate Provincial Congress Committeefor Sindh and avoids to be part of Bombay Congress Committee.
    16/12/1916
    Rev. Father Broswin gives lecture on the topic of “TheNature of Beauty”, organized by the D.J,S College Literacy and Debating society.
    31.12.1916 
    “PremMandli,” Karachi celebrates its 2nd Anniversary.
    2/3/1917
    The KarachiCongress Committee by its resolution passed, thanks Mr Justice A.Rahim for his“Minority Report” and urges Government to discontinue indentured Labour immediately.
    3/3/1917
    “NavalraiBalak Vidyala Brahmo Samaj,”karachi, organizes function with Seth Harchandrai Vishindasas the Chief Guest.
    8.3.1917 
    Metharam Sajarsingperforms opening ceremony of the library being opened by “Sat Sari DharamdasShewa Mandal,” Rohri. Its is to be noted that Hasanand Sundredas B.Aestablished this Mandal with aims & objects to stat Sanskrit classes,createreligious awareness and render social servies.
    9.3.1917
    A.Jeejeebhoy delivers lecture on the topic of the COMMERCE AND ITS CULTIVATION, in alecture programme arranged by the Karachi Citizens Association, in its premsis.
    11.3.1917
    4thSindh Provicial Conference starts at Shikarpur. Details available on Gul Hayat website.
    17.3.1917
    Rewachand Wasanmal ,Advocate delivers his lecture on the topic of ANIMAL ECONOMICS. The Young AmilsAssociation, Karachi, organises thelecture gathering.
    25.3.1917 
    “Arya smaj”Karachi provides platform to Tarachand Gajra for deiverin his lecture on the topic of“What should one do for the samaj”.
    31.5.1917
    Mr.Gurbaxanidelivers his lecture on the topic of OUR COMMUNITY , it was arranged by The Young Amils Association, Karachi.
    17.5.1917
    MissK.Vealle speaks on the topic of the THEOSOPHY AND HINDUISM, in a gatheringarranged by The Young Amils Association, Karachi.
    28/5/1917
    In itsmeeting held at Hyderabad, D.J.S CollegeAmature Dramatic Society elects Rejhumal H.B Advani And Prof. T.K. Shahani fromamongst ex-students and Mangharam U.Malkani, Mirchandani, and Advani fromamongst sitting students as office bearers.Society also decides to stage “FerozDil Afroz” drama at Karachi and Hyderabad. 
    28.5.1917
    The CitizensAssociation of Hyderabad elects G.M.Bhugri (President),Mukhi Jethanand (VicePresident),Gopaldas Jhamatmal ( Hon.Secretary),Sarnanand (Joint Secretary) andDharamdas Belaram ( Treasurer) as Office-Bearers for next year.
    2.6.1917 
    “Citien’sAssociation Hyderabad”, celebrates its second Anniversary at Homestead Hall,with Harchandrai Vishindas as president of the occasion. Karamchand Gurmukhdas,Gopaldas jamtmal, jethmal Parsram and Santdas Manghram amongst speakers.
    11.6.1917
    The KarachiCitizens Association elects Harchandrai Vishindas (President),Wadhomal Odharam(Vice President), Mir Ayoob (Vice President),Durgdas B, Advani (Hon.Secretary),R.K.Sidhva (Hon.Secretary), Dr.D.G.Advani (Public Health Incharge),JeramdasDoulatram (Education Incharge),Jamshed Mehta ( Member Managing Committee),Achaldas M. Advani (Member Managing Committee),Abdul Rehman, V.A.Aiyar,Tekamdas Wadhomal, G.G.Chagla, Framroze, Lokomal Chelaram, Motilal and Dr.PopatLal ( All Members of Managing Committee) as Office-Bearers for next year.
    14.8.1917
    Dr.ChithramGidwani gives account ofthe Shikarpur Conference at New High School on therequest of The Karachi Prem Mandli.
    15.8.1917
    TheDy.Superintendet Police serves Notices upon Mr. Jamshed N.R.Mehta ( PresidentLocal Branch of Home Rule League), Marriwalla (Secretary of the PropagandistCommittee) and Ayer (Secretary of the League) prohibiting a procession arrangedby them to prade the City (Karachi) prior to the Party Meeting.
    3/11/1917
    SpecialSindh Provincial Conference held in Hyderabad.It was presided over by Harchandrai Vishiandas while Mr. G.M Bhurgiri was thechairman of the Reception Committee.Details about the Conference are uploadedon the Gul Hayat Website.
    1
    28/5/1917
    The citizensAssociation, Hyderabadelects office bearers: Honourable Bhurgiri (as President), Mukhi Jethanand(U.P), Gopaldas Jhamatmal (H.Sec), Sarnand (J.Sec & Dharmdas Belaram(Treasure)
    7.5.1918
    Home RuleLeague,The District Congress Committee and The Karachi Citizens Associationjoimtly protest against the cancellation of Passport to the Home Rule League Deputationproceeding to England.
    1.10.1918
    Home RuleLeaguers celebrate Birthday of Anni Besant with Jeramdas Doulatram inchair.Shri Kirshadas Lula, R.K.Sidhva, Chairai Virbhdas speak on occasioneulogising the Head of Home Rule League.
    17.10.1918
    The KarachiHome Rule League protests against the decision of the Government of India notto allow a Congress-League Deputation to proceed to England.
    20.10.1918
    The HomeRule Leaguge celebarates the 51thBirthday Anniversary of Mr.Gandhi in a befitting manner.The Public Meeting heldat Khalikdino Hall Karachi.
    14/12/1918
    DistrictCongress Committee of Hyderabad passed resolution to protest against nominationof a large proportion on city Municipality.
    8/3/1919
    Strike inKarachi, Hyderabad, Shikarpur and other cities against “Rowlatt Bill”.
    11/3/1917
    4thSindh Provicial Conference in Shikarpur.Details available on the Gul HayatWebsite.
    30/3/1919
    Sindh observescomplete Hartal to protest against “Rowlaat Bill”. Precession, meetings andgatherings in big cities.
    6/4/1919
    Under theauspices of the District Congress Commitee of Sukkur, a public meeting is heldto educate public opinion on political subjects with special reference toRawlatt Bill.
    13/04/1919
    JallianwalaBagh Tragedy occures in Punjab. Details are uploaded on the Gul Hayat website.
    18/04/1919
    6thSindh Provincial Conference starts at Jacobabad, details available on thewebsite of Gul Hayat Institute.
    21/4/1919
    Large scalesearches of offices & houses of political leaders and their arrests startsin Sindh. Jethmal Parsram, H.D Mariwalla, Narisinglal, Mukhi Jethanand, Dr.Choitram, Shaikh Abdul Majeed and Durgdas arrested.
    24.10.1919
    Bhatia MitraMandal,Rohri, stages drama NARSIA BHAGAT.
    31/10/1919
    Forencouraging local-made items and articles and giving boost to Home economy andimparting love for country Sindh establishes “Sawadeshi Saba” with branches inbig cities.
    3/11/1919
    Dr.Choithram speaks on the present political conditions of the Bharat Varsh andIndians in Punjab, South Africa & Fiji in public meeting held underthe auspices of the District congress Committee of Sukkur.
    17.11.1919
    Home RuleLeague of Hyderabad request Government to remove restrictions on Messrs BipinChandrapal and B.G.Tilak from visiting Punjab, and allow Lala Lajpatrai andHarriman to return to India. The meeting held at Hyderabad (Holmstead Hall )with Hiranand Santokram in chair.
    4.1.1920
    KhilafatConference starts in Hyderabad,a big political Move after killings inPunjab.Hindus and Muslim equqlly determined to show public strength to theGovernment.
    17/1/1920
    The meetingof the Council of the Sindh Provincial Congress Committee deplores at lengththe tragedy of Jallianwala Bagh and decides for organizing “All Sindh Fund” formemorial purpose.
    26.2.1920
    The SanatanAmature Dramatic Society of Old Sukkur stages drama at Railway Institute.(earning of two nights Rs 1150 handed over to The Narsamal Ryatmal Club as Aid)
    26/4/1920
    Inconnection with his programme of visit in Sindh, Gandhi arrives in Karachi.
    30/7/1920
    TheHyderabad District Congress Committee decides by 17 votes to 10 to recommendthe principle of non-cooperation to the special Indian National Congress.
    1/8/1920
    Congresscommittee launches Non-co-operation Movement against the Governemnt.
    28/8/1920
    SpecialSindh Provincial Conference in Hyderabad. Details available on Gul Hayat’sWebsite.
    4.11.1920 
    Prof.M.R.Shirazi delivers his lecture on the topic of “The Bahai movement on theinvitation of the karachi” “Prem Mandli”
    15/7/1921
    KarachiCongress Committee appeals to Sindh Merchants cease importing any furtherfforeign made cloth.
    5.8.1921 
    Gobind Malhitakes birth at tharushah ater on became know writer. After 1947 left sindh forBombay. Contributed more that 19 books.
    2/9/1921
    VishnoSharma,Editor of “Hindu” earn arrest under I.P.C.124 onaccount of his editorialagainst the Government.
    1922
    DistrictCommittees of Sindh C.Committee started awarding scholarship to students.
    12/2/1922
    The NonCooperation Movement launched by the congress against the Government ends.
    16/3/1922
    Sindhi pressinspite of clear cut directives of the Govt, carried an appeal not receivePrince of Wales.
    17/03/1922
    Prince ofWales arrives at Karachi.Complete Hartal by political parties and their workers.
    15.9.1922 On the eveof 10th anniversary.”The Prem Mandli”, Karachi published its Annualprogress Report. The out standing services of the Mandli remained as under:
    1. Freereading room & library established,
    2. Startedhealth circulating library consisting of books on health and physical culture
    3. Lectuiresarranged by its debating society
    4. Sacreddayts celebrated
    5. Nightschool established for untouchables
    6. Dramasstages on the eve of anniversaries
    7. Weekly“The young Builders” founded
    16.9.1922 On the eve of 336th anniversary,the “Arya Samaj” Karachi presents its annual report. The organizationmaintains: “Putri Patshala” (Girls School) at the last of Rs 100/= per month.80 girls enrolled and get free education, DAV.School with monthly cot of Rs200/= responsioble for catering 75 students & Gujrati school with Rs 100/=per month and responsible for educationg 75 boys students.
    18/9/1922
    SindhCongress launches movement for collection of “Tilik Sawraj Fund”. The task tocontinue for fifteen days.
    18/5/1922
    Gandhi ArrestDay observed in Sindh. Hartal and protest procession in cities.
    8/2/1923
    Dr. G.TWrench in his lecture delivered in D.J Sindh college advises Women-folk not totake part in politics.
    13/2/1923
    HariHimtahni takes birth at Moro. Later on he earned name & fame in the fieldof the literature. After 1947 he migrated to India and settled there in Ajmir.
    27/3/1923
    On the jointcall of the Khilafat Committee & Congress 
    Committee, Sindh records it pretest and observe Hartal as to show resentment onGovernment policy regarding Keya Colony.
    20.8.1923 
    Conductingof classes by lalchand amardinomal jagtiani in night school run by “PremMandli” karachio. The purpose of classes to highliught the life &achievements of shah abdul latif bhitai.
    2/12/1923
    LalaLajpatrai in Karachi:Karachi Municipal Corporation presents welcome Address on behalf of citizens ofthe city.
    24.3.1924 The nationalbaby week being celebrated in Karachi. Exahibitionh and lecture programmes atvarious places on various dates.R.K.Sindhua to co-ordionate. Details ofprogrammes as under:
    1. Lyari 24.3.1924
    2. OldTown 26.3.1924
    3. Sadar 30.3.1924

    1. Kiamari 1.4.1924

     

    16/4/1924
    “SindhLeague of Progress” in its Annual General meeting held at Khaliq Dino Hall,elects the committee of Karachi Branch for the forthcoming year as under:
    Harchandrai,Dipchand Chandumal, Wali Muhammad, Hassan Ali, Jahangeer Panthakey, G.MDycekeele, Ardeshir H.Mama, C.F.D Abreo, Jamshed Mehta, E.L. Price & SirMontagu Webb (Hon. Secretary)
    6.4.1924 
    “Local Adulteducation movement” formed in Karachi so as to conduct English classes foradults. Theosophical society to provide Hall for conducting of classes.Prof.Trivedi, Prof.Junnarkar, Mahatma Vairag ya Chandra, Kamat and Joshi behindthe Idea and formation of movement.V.J.Pardhan equested to deliver hislectures.
    5.5.1924 
    ShewaMandli, Garhiyasin, celebrates its 5th anniversary.
    12.2.1924 
    Inspite ofvigrious opposition, non-Muslim Community of sukkur opts for formation of the“Sindh Ladies association”
    3/10/1925
    SindhCongress celebrates “Gandhi Birthday”. Leader’s life and achievementshighlighted in gatherings and meetings.
    31/07/1926
    SethHarchandrai Vishindas performs opening ceremony of the Dayaram JethanandKhilinani library established by Hindu Town Peoples’ Association, Karachi.
    12/8/1926
    JasumalTahilram Kodwani takes birth at Tando Muhammad Khan. After 1947, he migrated toIndia and settled there in Agra. He earned name andfame in literacy circles and was known as Jasumal “Azad”.
    29/11/1926
    TheHyderabad District Council Committee expresses thanks to people for support inelection of Mr. Jai Ram Das as the member of the Bombay Legislative Council.
    11.12.1926 
    Dewanhukumatrai shank areas advani breathes his last. He was born in 1864, remainedhead accountant in phulali cannales. He was mukhi of hirabad, Hyderabad.
    17/4/1927
    The SindhHindu Association passed a resolution in which it termed the separation ofSindh as harmful to the interests if Sindh.
    1/5/1927
    The SindhProvisioal Hindu Sammelan was held under the presidency of Lala Lajpat RaiM.L.A at Sukkur which was attended by as many as five hundred delegates fromall parts of Sindh.
    16.5.1927 
    Kirshanjethanand hemrajani takes birth at sukkur. Later on the left sindh after 1947.Earned name & fame as a wrier & translator became another of a fewbooks.
    29/5/1927
    SindhProvisioal Hindu Sabha held its meeting at Hyderabad to consider the resolution of theAll-India Congress Committee regarding separation of Sindh.
    11/6/1927
    SethHarchandrai Vishindas gave as interview to a representative of “THE HINDU” andreiterated his opposition to the separation of Sindh from Mombay Presidency.
    16/6/1927
    SindhCongress observes death anniversary of D.C. Das.
    20/6/1927
    SethHarchandrai called the leading citizens of the Karachi at his house and issued jointstatement to the press strongly objecting to the proposal of constituting Sindhinto a separate province. 
    25/6/1927
    SethHarchandrai presided over a public meeting in the Khaiqdina Hall which passed astrongly worked resolution against the separation of Sindh from Mombaypresidency.
    687-88Vol-II Septt
    29/6/1927
    MofussilHindu leaders issued statement to the press protesting against the separationof Sindh. 
    3/2/1928
    SimonCommission reaches India.
    12/6/1928
    Sindhobserves and celebrated “Bardoli Day” Sindh Congress organizes meetings andprocessions.
    17/07/1928
    The Hindus,Muslims & other minorities of Sindh entered into a communal pact agreeingto the separation if Sindh.
    3/2/1928
    Sindhobserves Hartal to protest against “Simon Commission”.
    August 1928
    Indian L.Apassed Sir Alexander Muddiman’s Bill empowering Provisional Governments andsearching any press/Newspaper Office & books/documents/etc.
    21/10/1928
    Meeting ofthe Karachi C.C at Khaliq Dina Hall Naraindas Anandji presided over. It wasdecided to boycott the Simon commission. Mir Muhammad Baloch and Sindhi ShaikhAbdul Majeed spoke on the occasion. 1000 volunteers stage protest against thecommission & raised slogan “Simon go back” .
    22/10/1928
    Karachi congress Committee’smeeting presided over by Naraindas Anandji & participated by Swami Govindanand,Seth Haji Abdullah Haroon, Prof. Jhamatmal, Muhammad Khan, Manilal Vyas,,Shaikh Abdul Majeed, Mir Muhammad Baloch, R.K Sidhwa & Warsinghlal.Resolved that to observe Hartal 3.2.1928 to protest against Simon Commission. 
    30/10/1928
    Sindh C.Cfinalizes boycott program to the implemented on the eve of arrival of SimomCommission.
    31/10/1928
    Publicmeeting held in Khaliq Dina Hall presided over by Dr. Ansari, President ofIndian National Congress, Maulana Azad was amongst participants.
    3/11/1928
    Sindhistudents boycott their classes in educational institution to show theirresentment on the “Simon Commision”.
    4/11/1928
    Black flagprocession taken in Hyderabadto lodge protest against Simon Commision.
    12/11/1928
    “SimonCommission” in Karachi, “Sindh Hindu Sabha”presents Memorandum and opposes separation of Sindh from Bombay presidency.
    20.11.1928 
    Eminent ofcitizen of Karachi, seth sobhraj chetumal breathes his last. Born in 1879 atshikarpur. Municipal copunciller for 20 years. President Karachi Indianmerchants association and the socil service league. Vice president of the kanyamaha vidyala and the sindh hindu association. First class hon,magistrate.
    15.12.1928 
    Dewan Hiranandsantookram advani breaths his last. Born in 1872, did B.A in 1892. Remainedteacher in high school practice. He was theoisopohist, dramaartist, socialworker, congress worker and later on president of hoime rule league Hyderabad.
    13.1.1929 
    Goverdhantakes birth. Left sindh ater 1947. By profession he became elect. Engineer andearned name & fame in literary circles of ajmir as goverdhan mahaboobanibharti.
    17/4/1929
    PahlajraiLiharam Vaswani (P.L. Vaswani) breathes his last. He was an educationalist,administrator of Karachi Local Board schools and General Secretary of the“Karachi Social Service League” for years. He was writer & author ofhandsome number of books.
    26/01/1930
    Sindhobserves “Azadi Day” as desired and decided by the All-India CongressCommittee.
    26/1/1930
    Sindhobserves Hartal and stike on the call of the All-India Congress Committee.
    4/3/1930
    TheAll-India Congress Committee Launches “Non-Co-Operation Movemrnt” against theGovernment. Sindh anxious to take part.
    12/3/1930
    Gandhistarts his march to Mandvi to offer civil disobedience through violation of the provisional of the Salt laws.
    16/4/1930
    Policefiring of Congress procession. Two workers breath their last.
    5/1/1931
    All nightraid on Karachion local Satyagrahis and locking andsealing of congress premises. 
    7/1/1931
    Under the“Criminal Law Amendment Act” the Government/Police raid the following officeand sub offices of the congress committee in Karachi as they were declare unlawful:
    1. SindhProvincial Congress Committee
    2. Karachi District C.C
    3. SindhSatyagrah Councel
    4. Karachi Satyagrah Councel
    5. Boycottcommittee
    6. VidyarathMandal
    7. Karachi SatyagrahCommittee
    8. GujratiKumar Sang
    9. NaujawanBharat Sabha
    10. Karachi Vidyarthi Samagan
    11. RashtryaIstri Mandal
    12. ShewakDal
    11/1/1931
    Police LathiCharges congress gathering in Ram Bagh inh\jures 159 of which 50 as seriousmakes arrests of 36 including twenty women.
    4/3/1931
    TheAll-India Congress Committee suspends its Non-Co-Operation Movement.
    25/3/1931
    The workingcommittee of the A.I.C.C meets in Karachiand will continue to meet for several days.
    26/3/1931
    PanditJawahar Lal Nehru presides over the “All-India Studnets Council ” at Karachi. The conferencedisapproves “Gandhi-Irwin Settlement” and resolve to form provisional working committeeof students.
    27/3/1931
    SubhasChandra Bose presides “The Nauhawan Bharat Sabha Conference” in Karachi. Details uploadedon the website of the Gul Hayat Institute.
    27/3/1931
    The AllIndia Congress Committee meets in the subject committee tent at HarchandraiNagar, Karachi.Jawahar Lal Nehru Presides. The meeting confirms the minutes of the lastmeeting and discuss the General Secretaries report.
    29/3/1931
    Sindh hosts45th Session of the All-India Congress Committee. Karachi selected as the proper place forconducting the session.
    1931 March
    Arepresentative Hindu conference, attended by three hundred delegates andpresided over by Mr. Ramanand Chatterji, Editor of the “Modern Review ” passesreolution against the separation of Sindh. 
    1/4/1931
    Mr. SubhasChandra Bose presides “The political Sufferer’s conference in Karachi. Swami Govindanand acts as chairmanof the Reception committee conference pass resolution on various topics andresolves to form an Indian Political Prisoner Relief Committee”.
    11/1/1932
    Publicmeeting organized by Karachi Congress Committee in Ram Bagh Ground, lathicharge by the police.
    19/01/1932
    Undersection 35 of the Emergency Powers Ordinance, 1932 (II of 1932) Magistrates inSindh were invested with powers of special Magistrates to Combat CongressMovement launched against Government.
    31/1/1932
    Sindhobserves “ Civil Disobedience Movement” launched by the Congress Committee,upto 7.4.1934 with break from 9.5.1933 to 1.8.1933
    12/2/1932
    TheGovernor-in-Council under section 16 of the “Indian Crimanal Law Amendment Act,1908 (XIV of 1908)”, declares Hyderabad District Congress Committee and itsaffiliated organization unlawful.
    14/3/1932
    Undersection 16 of the Indian Criminal Law Amendment Act (XIV of 1908), the Governorin Council declares various Districts Congress Committees and their branchesunlawful.
    3/4/1932
    CompleteHartal was observed in Sindh as Gandhi Arrest Day.
    13/4/1932
    Non-MuslimCommunity of Sindh organizes “Anti-Separation” meeting in Karachi.
    26/1/1933
    Sindh HinduConference was held in Karachi.
    26/1/1933
    “Sindh HinduConference” held in Karachi,separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency opposed.
    3.4.1933 
    Speaking onthe “Provincial Criminal; laws supplementary Bill in Indian legislativelalchand novalrai said that this measure is unprecedented calculated to strikeat the root of social order. Such drastic legislation was sure to recoil penthe Govt. he deplored that the high courst under the provisi0ons of variousprovincial criminal law amendement acts ae being subordinated entirely o theprovincial governments.
    16/4/1933
    “The KarachiIndian Merchant’s Association” rejects “White Paper” and terms it againstinterests of people.
    2/8/1933
    The CongressCommittee launches “Nom-co-operation Movement” against the Government.
    26.10.1933 
    “SindhLeague of progress” discusses economic sitatution of sindh. Sir M.de.P.webb inchair, where as jamshed NR.Mehta, Haridas Lalji, Isardas varandmal, Jethmalparsram, Shahnaqaz Bhutto, Ghulam Ali chagla, Abdul Majeed Shaikh, B.T.Thakur,S.M.Lula, Dr.Hingorani & J.Panthakey amongst participants. Great talk inprices of agricultural commodities and disposal of sukkur barrage lands remainedburning issue in agenda.
    7/4/1934
    Non-cooperationMovement launched by the Congress on 2.8.1933, comes to an end.
    28/4/1934
    “TheFrontier Punjab & Sindh Hindu Conference” held at Peshawar. Apart from other issues the issueof the separation of Sindh from Bombaypresidency was opposed unanimously.
    5/8/1934
    “Sindh YoungCongressities League” takes birth in Sindh with Miss Nirmala Lalwani as itsfounder president.
    28/12/1934
    Mrs SarojniNaido on Sindh visit. Karachi Municipal Corporation presents address to her.The next of that addresses available at Gul Hayat.
    23/2/1935
    “The AllIndia Anti-Communal Award Conference” starts in New Delhi. Lalchand Nawalrai and BhaiPermanand from Sind as Participants.
    22.3.1935 
    Mr.R.D.Bell,home member makes a important statements in the council during the debtate onthe adjournment motion regarding the public demand for an immediate enquirtyinto Karachi firing.
    5.4.1935 
    Sir CowasjiJehangir partipated in the discussion in the tariff act Amend (Rice &wheat) Bill. In the Indian legislative Asseembly.
    6.4.1935 
    Sir Cowasjijehangir participated in the discussion an the finance bill debate in thesession of ndian legislative assembly.
    1/4/1936
    Sindhi getsProvincial status. The longest annexation with Bombay stand ceased.
    11.7.1936 
    “LarkanaHigh School Dramatic society” stayed Dram “Bharat Kaniya” students of school(Boys & Girls) took part. Prayer songs and dances were performed byShivdasnni sisters, Mathrani Sisters, Miss chandanani and Miss Hiongorani.
    6/6/1936
    Dr.Tarachand forms Sindh Labour Party.
    18/6/1936
    Firstsession of the “Sindh Congress Socialist conference” starts in Karachi.
    31/12/1936
    “Sindh HinduConference” starts at Sukkur under the presidency of Bhai Parmanand &political development after the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency wasreceived with special reference to the social, religious and political futureof Sindhi Hindus. 
    23/3/1938
    Khan BahadulAllah Bux Soomro forms Government.
    28/2/1939
    Annualmeeting for election for the year 1939-40 of the bearers of Nawabshah CongressCommittee was held at the residency of Noalvi Muhammad Maaz, yhe sittingpresent of the Nawabshah Congress Committee.
    1/4/1939
    NichaldasWazirani & Dialmal Doulatram take oath as ministers.
    16/9/1939
    Hindu actorsof Sukkur, stage drama “Assembly” in Kambar Ali Khan. The drama aim atcriticizing. The role being played by the Sindh Legislative Assembly.
    1.10.1939
    Sindh Muslimleague launches “Masjid Manzalgah Restoration Movement” prior to this MuslimReligious scholars visited Sukkur and delivered speeches to invite SindhiMuslims attention to the Issue.
    26/4/1940
    The MasjidManzilgah issue/dispute probing court records statements & evidence ofFoujdar Umar Khan & Maulvi Sadiq in Karachi.
    17/10/1940
    The Congresslaunches “Satyagarah” Movement against the Government.
    5/11/1940
    SindhCongress organized “Hindu-Muslim Unity Conference” at Nawabshah. It waspresided over by Maolana Abdul Kareem Chishti and lasted for two day. ThePresidential Address in booklet form available at Gul Hayat.
    3/3/1943
    SindhLegislative Resolution passes Resolution in favour of Pakistan.Congress members either in jail or absentees.
    23/3/1946
    Cabinet Mission arrives in Karachi.
    7/5/1946
    Complete hartal in Sindh on the call of Sindh Congress Committee qwing to the death of Bhula Bhai Dessai.
    9/5/1946
    The Hydreabad District Congress Committee expresses great sorrow over the death of Bhula Bhai Desai.

  • LABOUR ACTVITIES

    LABOUR ACTIVITIES IN SINDHAS RECORDED AND REPORTED IN OFFICIAL RECORD. RESEARCH DOCUMENT BY DR.DURMUHAMMAD PATHAN.

     

    Working Class is the backbone of any society and cerdit of all progress & development in every country, in every where goes to this Class. Societies, ignoring the rights ofthis Class, will never witness peace and respect, honour and dignity. Sindh hasrecognized the role, importance and status of this Class. Shah Inayat of Jhokbecome symbol of this Class and gave a wonderful philosophy and strategy how& why to fight for rights of this Class.Like wise, Shah Latif of Bhitcomposed poetry and wrote chapters on the greatness of working class. It was in1926, when first ever book in Sindhi with title ‘Samyavad”(Socialism) waswritten/translated by Jethmal Parsram.Emergance of Hari Party and formation ofLabour wing by every political party provides evidence that Sindh loves andowns this Class. In my book titled ‘Adab Ain Mahol’, in 1985, I included aseparate Chapter ‘Impact of Socialism on Sindhi Literature’ and in this chapterI traced the political and ideological influence of Communist Revolution ofRussa.
    No doubt, our writers havetouched this topic seriously, but research-oriented task is yet be completed.In this connection, it is very important that Source-Material be collectedaccording to latest Reseach Methodology. Therefore, we have to go through pagesof Newspapers, Official records & proceedings of parties & groups ofour Workig Class. My humble efforts and this Document will be remembered asserious initiate in this regard. You will find a lot about activities of ourLabour Class pertaining to British Era. It is based on only on Source and thatis reports from Sindh Government to the Government of India. I have givenreference at the end of every event. This labour of love has taken my so many days&nights, time & energy. May it please my people and lovers of history withspecial reference to Labour Class. I am thankful to Chacha Qazi Altmash ofSindh Bank and his close friend Akbar Rafiq Siddiqui for helping me and workingfor me as typist and computer operators. I am highly thankful to them andappreciate their working-craft. Both did a lot for me, history, research andreaders of this document.]
    *- There was a certainamount of labor agitation during the fortnight in connection with the formationof Tramway Employees Union which has not yet ended satisfactorily. (No.P-25/H(S)/37,Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 8th May 1937)
    *- Under the auspices of theKarachi Factories workers union, “May Day” was celebrated in Karachi on the 1stMay by the procession (attendance about 900) followed by a public meeting(audience about 1000) placards bearing the symbol of the “Hammer and Sickle”were carried in the procession. The speeches at the meeting were communistic intone and, on the whole, anti-Government, the audience however, dwindledconsiderably and numbered about two hundred at the close of the meeting. Aspecial feature of the celebrations this year was the participation for thefirst time of the congress as a body. (No.P-25-H(S)/37 Home Department(Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 19th May 1937)
    *- For some time past thedock laborers has been agitation for a reduction in the working hours from nineto eight hours per day, and as a result of continued propaganda by Naraindas A.Bechar, M.L.A, about four to five hundred laborers went on strike on themorning of the 5th of July. Out of fifteen ships in the harbor thatwork was done on only three the next morning about three hundred and fiftystrikers endeavored to stop this work, they forced open the gate which barredthe entrance to the whari. This caused a clash with the police who eventuallydrove back the crowed with tine use of their lathis, and the arrival of policereinforcements soon brought the situation under control. Both sides sustainedslight injuries. The strike was eventually called off at 4:00pm the same day onan assurance being given by the chairman of the port trust to Naraindas A. Bacharto use his best endeavors with the port trust board to have the hours reducedfrom nine to eight and half, The laborers there upon resumed work that veryevening. The board has since agreed to a shift of eight and a half hours perday and night. The situation is now quiet and work is running smoothly.(No.P-25-H(S)/37, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 20thJuly 1937).

    * The strike here among thedock laborers was called off on the second or third day, on the promise of thechairmen of the Port Trust to put proposal before a special meeting of theboard of trustees for a reduction of the hours. The result of the reduction ofthe hours which was accepted by both the trustees (the representative of theshipping interests & dissenting) and the workmen is that the hours now arethe same as those in Bombay harbor. As the port has a reputation for theefficiency of its labor and the rapidity with which the ships are unloaded andloaded, I think we may welcome the shortening of the hours, but the unpleasantfeatures of the strike are that it was called without notice and the violenceoccurred on the first and second day, though not such violence as could not becontrolled by the police. (Copy of report dated the 23rd July 1937from the Governor of Sind to His Excellence the History)
    *-The attempt made toarrange negotiation between the west India tramways company and the tramwayunion to settle constant disputes which occur between them has not succeeded sofar. The union was, from the very beginning wager for arbitration, but thecompany only agreed reluctantly. Finally on account of the difficulty ofsecuring an agreement between them about the personnel of the arbitrators andthe terms of reference, arbitration could not be arranged. At the moment ofwriting negotiations are still in progress. (No.P-25-HH(S)/37, Home Department(Special), Sindh Secretariat, Karachi, 3rdSeptember 1937)
    *-under directions fromgovernment the district magistrate, Karachi, again approached the tramwaycompany with definite proposals for the constitution of an Arbitration Boardand the formulation of terms of reference to settle the dispute between thecompany and the tramway workers union. While agreeing to the principle ofarbitration the company rejected all the terms put forward by the union andhave insisted upon those suggested by them. So far as cab is seen, there is nowno likelihood of voluntary arbitration on the basis of the demands of the union.(No.P-25-H(S)/37, Home Department (Special), Sindh Secretariat, Karachi, 20thSeptember 1937)

    *-Owning to the longstanding dispute between the management and the employees of the Karachi SindFlour Mill in connection with the reinstatement of some dismissed employees,about one hundred labors of the dock workers union struck work on the 28thDecember and refused to handle a consignment of cargo from the Mill which hadto be shipped that day. The strike was engineered by Mr.Naraindas A. Bechar, M.L.A,and in view of his action the Karachi Port Trust Board have banned his entryinto the Port Trust whereas for the period of three months. It is reported thatMr. Bechar is taking steps to organize a general labor strike with a view tohaving the ban lifted. (No.P-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special), SindSecretariat, Karachi, 21st January 1938)
    *- The taxi drivers ofKarachi had been agitating for some time past for the reduction of themunicipal wheel tax from Rs.70 to Rs.50 per annum. Finding that no notice wasbeing taken of their demand they organized a strike on 21stJanuaryand parked their cars in the Municipal compound. The strike was called off thenext day on the assurance of a Municipal Councilor that their case would beduly considered at an emergent meeting of the Municipal Corporation. TheCorporation has since reduced the tax.  (No.P-25-H(S)/38,Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 3rd February1938)
    *- On the morning of the 5thFebruary one hundred and fifty employees in the boiler workshops of Messrs,Haman and Mohatta. Its downed tools to stress their demands for an increase inwages. The strike was engineered by Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A, and the labor leaderand still continues, the number of strikers has since swelled to five hundredand work is in consequence at a standstill. The leaders of both parties have atthe time of writing, decided to defer the dispute for arbitration by the chiefMinister. (No.P-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special), Sindh Secretariat, Karachi,18th February 1938).
    *-There has been arecrudescence of agitation in connection with the dispute between the Tramswayemployees union and the East India Tramsway Company, the union have placedcertain demands before the company, threatening a strike of the employees ifthe demands are not conceded. The matter is still under negotiation and fiftylaborers of the India Flour Mill, Karachi, resorted to a lightning strike onthe 21st March as a protest against the refusal of the management toincrease their pay, the strike was however called off a few hours later on themanagement undertaking to look into the matter. (No.P-25-H(S)/38, HomeDepartment (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 9th April 1938)
    *- The threatened strike ofthe employees of the East India Tramways Company mentioned in my last reporthas not materialized so far. The company has adopted a conciliatory attitudetowards some of the union’s demands and the labor leader Mr. N.A. Behar, M.L.A,has advised acceptance of the company’s proposals and undertaken to continuenegotiations for the redress of the remaining grievance.  (No.P-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special),Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 20th April 1938)
    *-“Labor Day” was celebratedin Karachi on the 1st May instant by a procession and public meetingunder the leadership of Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A, attended by about two thousandpeople. Anti-capitalist placard were carried in the procession and resolutionswere passed at the meeting “congratulating the comrades” of Russia and thelaborers in other parts of the world on their campaign against a capitalism,demanding in eight hour working dat, wages during unemployment and sickness,old age pensions and better housing.
    * The long-standing disputebetween the management and the employees of the Sind Sloar Mill, Karachiculminated in a strike on the 22nd May when one hundred and twentylaborers out of one hundred and twenty five employed at the mill ceased work,thus bringing the work at the mill to a stand-still. The question of thereinstatement of some dismissed employees had been referred to arbitration andthe award of the arbitrators, by which only five out of eleven dismissedlaborers were reinstated, was one of the cause of the present strike, peacefulpicketing was resorted to the first day, but the situation threatened to becomeserious the next day when the strikers broke through the police cordon andprevented three lorries from entering the mill. Apart from this one incidenthowever, the strike was peaceful and eventually came to an end on the eveningof the 5th May, when the management agreed to reinstate all theeleven dismissed employees and also granted some concessions in respect of pay,working hours and leave. (No.O-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special), SindSecretariat, Karachi, 8th May 1938)
    *- Nine employees of theRoyal Aerated Water Factory went on strike on the 21st April as aprotest against the dismissal of one of their colleagues who was absent forfifteen days owing to illness and was not taken back when he desired to resumework. The management has employed six new hands to replace the strikers. (No.P-28-H(S)/38,Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 9th May 1938)
    *- The laborers working inthe go-downs at new chali, Karachi, asked for an increases in their wages fromannas 12 and 14 to Rs. 1-4-0 Mr.Naraindas Bachar, M.L.A. met the owners of thego-downs on the 10th May and threatened them with a strike from thefollowing day if the demand of the laborers was not granted. As a result of thenegotiations carried on by Mr.Issardas Varandmal, M.L.A settlement was reachedon a basis of Rs.1-2-6.
    * Six discharged laborersfrom a local khopra mill complained to Mr.Naraindas Bechar, M.L.A. on the 14thMay that they had been wrongly discharged, He has approached the management andpressed for their reinstatement.
    * The laborers of theB.I.S.N Company have abandoned the idea of a strike as their grievances arebeing investigated. There was a movement to demand an increase of wages on thepart of coolies working on a lorries and tally clerks working at the NativeJetty and Keamari. The tally clerks and contractors called a joint meeting onthe 22nd Msy to arrive at a settlement twelve conductors of theDayaram Santdas City Bus Service, Hyderabad (Sind) struck work on the 17thMay as a protest against maltreatment, low pay, long hours and non-supply ofuniform etc. The strike was subsequently called off and an amicable settlementwas arrived at on the lines suggested to the parties by the local officers.
    * The laborers of the boilerworkshop of Messrs Herman and Mohatta, Limited, Karachi, are carrying on asecret agitation because their demands for increased wages have not yet beengranted. Negotiations are proceeding between the employers and Mr. N.A Bechar,M.L.A. (No.P-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi,10th June 1938)
    – * Of late, Karachi seemsto be in the grip of a strike fever. On the 10th instant about fivehundred laborers of the warehouse and transport labor union, who are employedin the go downs in the dock area, went on strike owing to the allegeddifferential payment between the rates paid to them and those paid to thelaborers of European firms, The strike was engineered by Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A.The attitude of the strikers was peaceful and the strike was eventually calledoff on the 13th instant, when the strikers resumed work as usual.
    * The long-standing disputebetween the management and the employee of the East India Tramway Company in alightning strike on the 18th instant when the drivers of tramway andbuses ceased playing their conveyances from 4:00 pm. The strike lasted for fourhours and caused considerable inconvenience to the general public, it waseventually called off on an assurance being given by the company’s manager toMr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A, that the demand of the strikers would be properlyinvestigated.
    * Apropos of the troubleamong the laborers of the B.I.S.N Company referred to in my last report, it isunderstood that the company is not disposed to agree to an increase in wages asdemanded by their employees Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A, has accordingly served thecompany with notice threatening a strike if the wages are not increased by the25th June. The trouble in the boiler workshop of Messrs, Herman andMohatta Ltd, has since subsided as satisfactory settlement was reached byarbitration. (No.P-25-H(S)/138, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat,Karachi, 18th June 1938)
    * Labor and Strikes-A strikebroke out on the 15th November at the Karachi City Goods Station,when about ninety four laborers employed for loading and unloading charcoaldowned tools protesting against the dismissal of two men and demanding anincrease in wages. The strike was called off on the two dismissed men and togrant an increase in wages.
    * The dispute between theElectric Employees Union and the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation is stillunsettled the employees are not satisfied with the assurance given by themanagement that the men thrown out of employment were discharged as a measureof retrenchment and not because of any grudge against the union.
    * On the 22ndNovember, about eighty laborers who transport goods from the Cloth Market tothe Railway Goods Station went on strike as a protest against the refusal ofthe merchants to abide by the award given by the arbitrator regarding increasein wages. The goods of those merchants, who agreed to pay the increased rates,were carried by other transport work was help up by peaceful picketing. Thestrike continues, but more and more of the merchants are agreeing to pay theincreased rates, and it is expected that the remaining merchants will soonyield. (No.P-25-H(S)/38, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi,5th December 1938)
     *- The dispute between the Tramsways Companyand its employees regarding pay, for the days for which they were last onstrike has been settled temporarily. The company has agreed to advance pay forthese days on the understanding that the matter should be discussed along withthe other points as issue, and that the pay now advanced will have to berefunded, if it is eventually decided that no pay is due for the days of the strike.The employees have agreed to draw their pay on this understanding.
    * Unrest has again brokenout among the employees of the Electric Supply Corporation because ninetemporary employees have been thrown out of work. The Electric Employee Unionhas urged upon the corporation to reemploy the discharged men, and hasappointed Mr. N.A. Bechar, M.L.A, to negotiate with the corporation on theirbehalf.
    *- A procession and thepublic meeting were organized by the Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress toprotest against the general rise in prices. Mr. N.A Bechar,M.L.A, presided atthe meeting. The rise in prices has occasioned general agitation for warallowances of various firms, and is being carefully investigated by Governmentas well as the local Chamber of Commerce. It is felt that action if and when itbecomes necessary should be uniform and that a decision should not be taken inthe absence of full data, or by any one group of employers independently of theothers.
    * It is learned that theDalmia Cement Factory has served notices if dismissal ostensibly on the groundsof stoppage of construction work on twenty eight of their employees who arereported to be active members of the Factory Trade Union, Considerablyresentment prevails on account of this Mr. N.A Bechar held a meeting in thisconnection wherein he stated that this questioning was still underconsideration, and asked the workers to stand firm and to resist to the utmostif no satisfactory decision was reached. It is understood that this individualhas advanced a sum Rs.300 to those laborers of the factory who have notreceived their wages for the last two months. His influence however is on thewana among the laborers of the factory as they suspect him being in league withmanagement. A meeting of the laborers of the Sind Flour Mills, the India FlourMills and Karachi Flour Mills was held by Mr. N.A Bechar, where resolutionswere passed demanding the introduction of provident funds and thirty threepercent rise in wages.
    The increase in tram and busfares introduced by the East India Tramways Company, Limited, has caused wide-spreadresentment in Karachi. Attempt have been made to induce the public to boycottthese services, and the agitation has been sponsored by the Mayor and Corporation,who have addressed Government with request that they may be permitted to run aMunicipal Bus Service in order to compel the Tramways Company to reduce theirfares as result of competition. This request has been made more than once inthe past, and has been refused on the ground that investigation showed it to bewholly remunerative from the point of view of the rate-payers. (Government ofSind, No.P-25-H(S)/40, Home Department (Special), Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 18thJanuary 1940)                                                                                                 
    *-About one hundred andeighty laborers of the Nusserwanji Tiles Factory struck work-their main demandbeing an increase of wages on account if the war. The number of strikers hasswelled and Mr. Naraindas A. Bechars efforts to bring about a settlement havingproved fruitless. The strike still continues peacefully.
    The Sardar Carbonic GasCompany has closed down on account of their inability to fulfill the demand ofthe strikers, who have been out since 17th November last.
    The laborers of the IndiaFlour Mills, the Sind Flour Mills and Nusserwanji’s Flour Mills, numberingabout 100 and 200, respectively, struck work as a protest against the refusalof their demands for 15 percent war allowance Mr. Naraindas A. Bechar requestedthem to accept a 12½ percent rise in pay and to resume work but they refused todo so.
    Ahmed Khan Ali Muhammad Lasicarried on street propaganda in Karachi to protest against the rise in pricesof foodstuffs and other necessities. He condemned capitalism and said that ifGovernment failed to control the rise in prices, laborers would declare ageneral strike in Karachi.
    It is learned that Mr.Naraindas.A.Bechar,M.L.A is trying to revive the Karachi Motor Drivers Union.
    The honorable Sir GhulamHussain Hidyatt Ullah K.C.S.I, Home Minister, visited the Dalmia Cement Factoryto make known his decision regarding matters under dispute between themanagement and the workers. The outcome of the announcement, however, is notexactly clear at present, but the Dalmia Cement Factory is working as usual. (GovernmentOf Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi,2nd February 1940).                                                                                                    
    *- A meeting was held underthe auspices of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Employees Union,whereat a demand was made for a 30 percent war allowance and threat to strikewere held out if the demand was not accepted. Some workmen did absentthemselves but subsequently resumed. Negotiations, however, are in progress, inwhich Mr. Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A, and Colonel H.J. Mahon, C.I.E.V.D, M.L.Aare taking part as arbitrators. A strike does not appear to be improbable, andthere seems to be a good deal of unrest among labor generally, stimulated nodoubt by the news from Bombay and Ahmedabad. There was a short strike at theBurorji Ardeshir Bome Factory, but work was resumed pending negotiations, someworkers of the Cotton Spinning Factory of one Ghulam Ali Absented themselves,but work has been resumed and it is expected that the dispute will be amicablysettled. A number of labor meetings of importance have transpired. At meetingof the Central Government low paid staff union, Karachi, Sind low paid staffunion, Karachi, and T.P.Y- (Thole Produce Yard) workers union Karachi,office-bearers were affected. (Government Of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40,Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 4th March 1940)                                                                                                    
    *- At the meeting of theKarigar Mazdur hit Wardhak Sabha Karachi, unity among laborers was advocated.At a meeting of the Press Workers Union, Karachi, speeches were deliveredcondemning Capitalism, urging press workers to participate in politics and jointhe Congress. At a meeting of the Dalmia Cement Factory Employees Union, Karachiseveral speakers advised the man to go on strike to obtain their demand for awar allowance, and warned the audience that they should be prepared for ageneral strike in imitation of the laborers in Ahmadabad.
    * The Employees of the EastIndia Tramways Company Karachi, struck work as a protest against the dismissalof a conductor. Mr.N.A Bechar, M.L.A, along with the members if the union,interviewed the management with the result that the dismissed conductor wasreinstated in a department and the strike was called off within an hour. Apartial boycott of the East India Tramways Company vehicles was, howeverorganized on 7th March, as protest against the increase in fareswhich took place sometime ago.
    * About one hundred andeighty workers of various Cotton Spinning and Rope Manufacturing Factories inKarachi struck work as a protest against unpaid overtime. Mr. N.A Bechar,M.L.A, put the request of the workers to the managements with the result thatthe strike terminated as the employers agreed to grant the demands.
    * The Nusserwanji TilesFactory is reported to have retrenched about sixty men owing to lack of work. Atthe meeting of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Employees Unionresolutions were passed sympathizing with the strikers in Bombay and alsocalling upon the Karachi Municipal Corporation to grant war allowance to itsemployees. (Government Of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, SindSecretariat, Karachi, 19th March 1940)                                                                                                    
    *- A number of labor meetingto carry on election propaganda for the forthcoming Karachi Municipal Electionswere held during the fortnight. The dispute between the management of the EastIndia Tramways Company and its employees in the questions of a war allowancestill continues. The arbitrators having disagreed Government were approachedwho appointed Mr. Jamshed Nusserwanjee as umpire. The employees have protestedagainst this selection, and the matter is being further considered. The men arequiet at present, the workers of the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation havealso served a notice on the management, asking for a war allowance andthreatening further action if it is not given. (Government of Sind, HomeDepartment (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 5thApril 1940).                                                                                                    
    *- Labor has been quiet onthe surface during the fortnight under report. The Sind Provincial Trade UnionCongress, Karachi, held several meetings at Karachi, where speeches were madeurging laborers to support labor candidates at the ensuing Karachi MunicipalCorporation elections. Communist and revolutionary slogans were raised at themeeting. It is learned that Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A, has served the Dalmia CementFactory with a notice of strike if the proposal to retrench about forty men isproceeded with. The employees, however, do not seem to be keen on a strike atpresent . On 3rd April about eighty laborers of the Sind Flour Millsstruck work, as a protest against the appointment of a new hand by theproprietors. The strike continued till the end of the fortnight, but has sincebeen called off and the dispute referred to arbitration. The DistrictMagistrate, Karachi, reported that masers Ralli Brothers have granted a warallowance to their clerical staff, but not their manual laborers. This, iftrue, is a surprising departure from the agreement reached by commercialinterests in Karachi that they would not act independently in this matter.(Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, SindSecretariat, Karachi, 20th April 1940)   
    *- About one hundred andtwenty five temporary low paid employees of the Electric Supply Corporation,Hyderabad, have voiced their grievances in a memorandum demanding a dearnessallowance and wages for non-working days, and pending a decision most of themhave refused to accept their pay for the month of April, and have threatened tostrike from 10th May. Negotiations are proceeding. In accordancewith an arbitrators award, the East India Tramways Company have sanctioned adearness allowance of 8 percent to those drawing up to Rs.40 per mensem and 5percent to those drawing over Rs40. It is understood that two other firms havesince followed Messrs Ralli Brothers in giving a war allowance. Meanwhile,friction has developed among the various labor unions in Karachi, accompaniedby individual hunger strikes aimed at challenging the supremacy of Mr. NaraindasA. Bechar M.L.A who has hitherto wielded an absolute control over the wholelabor movement in the city. The Dock workers union has rejected him in favor ofanother President and the Dalmia Cement works have had the courage to dismisscertain employees, who joined his union in preference to the one which theyrecognize. Mr. Bechar is not likely to accept these rebuffs without resistance,but until the end of the month he-like most other prominent persons waspre-occupied with the Karachi Municipal elections to the exclusion of otherinterests. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, SindSecretariat, Karachi, 6th May 1940)
    *- The washer men ofMirpurkhas struck work as a protest against the inadequate supply of water forwashing purposes. The employees of the Karachi Electric Supply Company haveadopted a threatening attitude in demanding a war allowance, in spite of thefact that the company had offered on exgratia bonus of Rs.2 per head per month.The clerical and superior staff has also joined in this demand, and an attempthas been made to enlist the sympathy of the Municipal Corporation on behalf ofthe workers. The relations between this company and their employees have alwaysbeen most cordial, and it is regrettable that agitators should have succeededin embittering then now, apart from the danger involved in any closure of thepower station which supplies current to the port of Karachi, the aerodromes atDrigh Road and the Municipal drainage and water system. A meeting of pressworkers was held in which the questions of war allowance were discussed. Theproprietors of the Ganesh Khopra Mills and Ganesh Tin Factory have been servedwith a notice by their employees asking for a war allowance and a providentfund, failing which they have threatened to go on strike. Retrenchment effectedby several cinema houses in Karachi has caused resentment among their employees.The most outstanding event in labor circles during thefortnight was, however, the celebration of May Day, during which photographersof Stalin, Karl Marx and Lenin were much in evidence resolutions sympathizingwith the labors of the world and resolving of eliminate imperialism andcapitalism and to establish laborers and peasants rule in all countries urgingGovernment to make statutory provision for a minimum wage of Rs. 30 per month,for providing old age pensions and unemployment allowance for guaranteeingsecurity of service, for controlling industries on democratic lines andcondemning the policy of the Government of India in imprisoning labor leadersunder the defence of India Act, were adopted at meetings held to celebrate MayDay. Audiences were informed that May Day was celebrated by workers in Europewith so much enthusiasm that, on occasions, bloodshed occurred and the policefound it difficult to enforce law and order , that the present war was bound toweaken the Capitalistic powers and that the day was to come soon when laborersand peasants rule would be supreme. It was emphasized that the power acquiredby labor in India during the last decade was enormous and would grow till onday they would be able to overthrow the British Government which stood forCapitalism along with its satellites the maharajas and zamindars, who oppressed“Kisans” and Laborers. The repeal of the Defense of India Act was alsourged.  (Government of Sind, HomeDepartment (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 16thMay 1940)       
    *- There was an ineffectualstrike in the Daulatrain Spinning and Weaving Mill at Karachi. The proprietorof the Dalmia Cement Factory at Drigh Road has persuaded many of his employeesto sever their connection with Mr. NA Bechar, M.L.A, and his union and to forma separate union. About two hundred employees of the factory assembled on 17thMay and organized a separate union, with K.B Pote as their president. Thus forthe second time Mr. Bechar;s supremacy in the Karachi labor world has beensuccessfully challenged by the firm. When the factory was first opened, Dalmiaswere shrewd enough to ensure that their employees formed a union under apresident other than Mr. Bechar, who then set himself out to capture the unionand succeeded in doing so towards the end of last year. He seems to have beendislodged from his position and Government are now contemplating legislation toprevent any individual from being chairman of more than on labor union at atime. The Karachi Electric Supply Corporation dispute with their employees hasbeen settled by the grant from the current month of dearness allowance of Rs.2-8-0 per menesem to those drawing pay up to Rs.50 and Rs.3 to those drawingfrom Rs.50 to Rs.100 per mensem. This will probably be the last attempt by anylarge employers of labor in Karachi to refuse payment of a war allowancewhether under that name or not. As a result of one surrender after anotherfirms are now bowing to the inevitable, and since the decision of the  Electric Supply Corporation, the Burmah Shellhave granted a war allowance to their employees with waiting for the latter toask for it. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40,Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 7th June 1940)
    *- A public meeting was heldin Karachi on the evening of the 2nd June to consider the shopAssessment Bill which was proposed to be introduced in the next-session of theAssembly by Dr. Popatial A. Bhoopatkar. It was attended by the Mayor of Karachiand two Ministers, the Honorable Mr.Nihcha ldas C. Vazirani and the HonorableMr. G.M Sayed, Mr. R.K Sidwhwa, M.L.A, made a speech criticizing Government. Healleged that the Sind Government was not the type of Government which existedin other provinces. There was no democracy in Sind, but it was “the raj of theChief Secretary” on the lines of the old bureaucracy. Had the Ministers beentrue representatives of the people they would have themselves sponsored such aBill. It may be stated that Government have since adopted the Bill an officialmeasure.
    * The Sind Hari conferencewas held at Pithoro in Thar Parkar district and was attended by about two hundredpersons, including Mr. M.A Khoso, M.L.A. The following resolutions among otherswere passed by the conference:
    1.  That the conference condemns the action ofGovernment in associating India with the present war without its consent, andresolves that no help should be rendered by India in the war.

    2.  That the conference condemns nations whocarry on propaganda against Russia as Russia is always on the side of laborers.

    ·       On the morning of 1st June about98 laborers of the Nusserways Tile Factory struck work as a mark of protestagainst the dismissal of four employees Mr. N.A Bechar took up negotiationswith the Manager of the Factory, but no settlement has yet been arrived at andthe strike continues. An attempt has been made to call out the operatives ofassociated concerns in a sympathetic strike. (Government of Sind, HomeDepartment (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 21stJune 1940)
    *- The strike at theNuseerwayanji Tiles Factory was called off on 21st June, through theeffort of Mr. M.H Gazdar, M.L.A, and Mr. Feroze Dastur. The employees of the“Daily Gazette” press and “Sind Observer” press also struck work as a protestagainst the refusal of war allowance and other demands. The strikes werehowever, called off the same day as the management of both presses agreed andaccepted some of the demands and promised to consider the others. There was astrike in the Ghulam Ali Rope and Niwar (Tape) Factory, Karachi, on 21stJune as a protest against extra work, which was called off on 23rd after asettlement was arrived at. All these strikes were peaceful. There is however, agood deal of apprehension on the part of employers at the general unrest amonglabor in Karachi, which has been accentuated lately owing to lack of work atthe docks since shipping was reduced to its present small proportions. It ishoped that the opening of a branch of the Supply Department in Karachi mayprovide employment for a portion of this casual labor. The Honorable Ministerfor labor contemplates settling up an Advisory board, consisting of employers andlabor representatives to help him in dealing with labor problems.
    * At a meeting of the SindProvincial Trade Union Congress, Karachi, Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A, was electedpresident for the New Year. Mr. Gopal P. Sipahimalani was proposed forsecretary ship has been kept in abeyance, in the hope that Mr. Bechar and Mr. Sipahimalaniwill shortly make up their differences. This, however, seems hardly likely,and-as mentioned in previous reports- Mr. Bechar is evidently losing ground inthe struggle for control of the various unions in Karachi. (Government of Sind,Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 10thJuly 1940)
    *- Thirty-three workers ofMamu Khoja Rope Factory, Karachi, struck work as a protest against a one-annacut in their wages. Subsequently the proprietor agreed not to introduce the cutand the strike was called off. A meeting whih was attended by nearly 100laborers mostly Muslims and which was presided over by Mr.N.Ghulamali condemnedMr.Bechar’s leadership. The laborers were asked to unite and adivesed not totrust capitalist leaders like Mr.Bechar. The shop workers union at Hyderabadpassed a resolution urging the extension of the application of the shop Assistants Bill to Hyderabad and Sukkur.
    * A public meeting was heldat Karachi on the 7th July, nearly 150 persons attended, mostly Muslim. Mr.Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A, presided. Resolution was passedprotesting against the arrest of Abdul Qadir Mawakhan. The meeting also urgedGovernment to adopt measures to eliminate unemployment among the laborers; Italso criticized the move of the Sind Government to bring the Trade DisputesBill in the Sind Assembly for adoption and requested factory owners to grantdearness allowance to their employees. Mr.Muhammad Amin Khoso in the course ofhis speech deplored the arrest of Abdul Qadir Mewakhan and attributed it to the“hypocritical” policy of the present ministry. He declared that the caseagainst him was due to the enmity of zamindars. (Government of Sind, HomeDepartment (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 22ndJuly 1940)
    *- The employees of theNusserwanjji Tiles Factory have again grown restive because of the failure ofthe management to pay half wages for the last strike period as decided by thearbitrators. The Karachi Harbor Hawkers Union held a meeting which was presidedover by Mr. R.K Sidhwa, M.L.A, and Mr. Sidhwa promised to get their licenses which have been cancelled by the Karachi Port Trust restored. The Sind HariCommittee held a meeting at Tando Jam on the 18th July and passedresolutions condemning the arrest of Abdul Kadir MuwaKhan, requestingGovernment to withdraw the case pending against him and exhorting Government togrant rights of proprietorship of land to Haris. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 5thAugust 1940)

    *- At a meeting of employeesof the local tramways company held at KhaliKdina  Hall on the 5th August,resolutions were passed strongly protesting against the Sind Governmentsproposed wave to introduce a Trade Disputes Bill on the lines of the BombayTrade Disputes Bill, warning it that any such move would be not by organizedopposition from the labor class and appealing to the Sind Provincial TradeUnion Congress ti appoint an Anti-Trade Disputes Bill committee to carry onagitation against the Bill. A public meeting was held at Karachi on the 3rdAugust under the auspices of the local league of radical congressmen, whichmostly consist of Resolution s were passed urging the Government to takeimmediate steps to eliminate the increasing unemployment, appealing to the SindAssembly Congress Party to pass legislation so that the property of tenantscould not be attached for the non-payment of rents and emphatically protestingagainst the introduction of the Trade Disputes Bill. Kazi Muhammad Mujtabastated that according to the provisions of the Bill which was undemocratic inprinciple, laborers could not the conciliation officer. He accused theGovernment of being partial so the factory owners and unmindful of the welfareof the laborers. Mr.Nagendra Vyas made a fiery speech in the course of which heobserved that the present leadership of the congress was conspiring to exploitthe poor by effecting compromises with the British, capitalists and zamindars.It was the duty of every radical to give a correct lead to “mazdoors” and“kisans” to end the present Government and the system of Government. He blamedMr.Gandhi for instilling a defeatist mentality into the minds of the people.The British Government will not go away bag and baggage if one or two lacks ofpeople go to jail, the British will not leave India as long as a single bulletremains in the rifle of Englishmen. The congress could not advance so long asnon-violence remains its creed. He exhorted the congress committees to take upthe cause of the “mazdoors” and “kisan”. He quoted the instance of the Russianrevolution where at an opportune moment the “mazdoors” and kisans” electedtheir own representatives and declared that all powers should vest in sovietcommittees. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, SindSecretariat, Karachi, 20th August 1940)
    *- At an executive meetingof the Sind Provincial Trade Union Congress, Karachi, it was decided to carryon extensive propaganda against the proposed Trade Disputes Bill. The workersof the Karachi Electric Supply Corporation, the “Daily Gazette” presses CrystalIce Factory, The India Flour Mill The Sind Flour Mill and the East IndiaTramways Company have all passed resolutions protesting against the Bill. Anumber of meetings were held in Karachi under the auspices of the SindProvincial Trade Union Congress. At meeting held on the 21stAugustat Karachi, Kazi Muhammad Mujtaba said that the present Government wascapitalistic and foreign and that no justice should be expected from it.Nowhere in the world was the condition of laborers so bad as in India. The SindMinistry was doubting Hitlerian methods in introducing the Bill which takesaway the light of strike from laborers. At another meeting held on the 24thAugust, a resolution was passed condemning the order of the Sind Governmentbanning the entry of Muhammad Amin Khoso, M.L.A, and Noor Muhammad Palijo intoHyderabad. The entry of these persons into Hyderabad City was banned becausethey were found to be interfering with the disposal of the case against AbdulKadir Mewa Khan, a labor worker, who is being tried under the Defense of IndiaRules in Hyderabad. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special),No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 3rdSeptember 1940)
    *- Active propagandacontinues against the proposed Trade Disputes Bill. Kazi Muhammad Mujtaba hasbeen taking a prominent part in the meeting organized to protest against theBill. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, SindSecretariat, Karachi, 21st September 1940)
    *- Mr. N.A Bechar, M.L.A,has been elected president of the Municipal Labor Union and Karachi Port TrustUnion. He promised the Municipal labor union to get dear-food allowance for theMunicipal employees.
    * Hashu T Kewalramani,leader of the youth movement in Karachi, was sentenced to 18 months rigorousimprisonment under the Defense of India Rules. The Students Union attempted tostage a demonstration before the Secretariat and had to be dispersed by thePolice and four of them are being prosecuted. (Government of Sind, HomeDepartment (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 7thOctober 1940)
    *- There has been no strikeduring the fortnight. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special),No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sindh Secretariat, Karachi, 19th October 1940)
    *- There has been no laborstrike during the fortnight. About 550 students of the Gujarat Vidyalaya, Karachi, attempted an ineffective strike as a protest against the compulsoryresignations tendered by three teachers. (Government of Sind, Home Department(Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 6th November 1940)
    *- A lightning strike of theemployees of the East India Tramways Company occurred on the afternoon of the13th instant over the dismissal of a conductor following a complaintmade by a passenger. The strike was however, called off the next evening on anagreement that the matter should be referred to arbitration. (Government ofSind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 21stNovember 1940)

     

    *-No strikes occurred inKarachi during the fortnight under report. The Hyderabad Municipal sweepershowever, struck work on the 26th November as a protest for thenon-acceptance of their demands for increased pay and residentialaccommodation. The strike continued for three days and was only called off whenthe District Magistrate threatened action against the leaders and promisedconsideration of the demands. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special),No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 5th December 1940)
    *- About eight laborers ofMessrs Mulchand Aildas, contractors, struck work on the 2nd Decemberat the Bunder Goods station, Karachi, as a protest against the non-payment of awar allowance and the non-receipt of their dues for the last few months. Mr.N.A Bechar, M.L.A, interventened on behalf of the strikers and the strike wascalled off after about an hour of its commencement on the employers agreeing toaccede to the demands of the employees. (Government of Sind, Home Department (Special), No.P-25-H(S)/40, Sind Secretariat, Karachi, 18th December1940)

     

     

     

     

     

  • MASJID MANZILGAH

    MASJID MANZILGAH CHRONOLOGY

     

    “MASJID MANZIlGAH- A CHRONOLOGY OF THE GREATEST  DIVISION OF HEARTS & SOULS, SOCIETY & IDEOLOGY IN SINDH, DESIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED  BY MUSLIMS & HINDUS”:

     

    By Dr. Dur Muhammad Pathan.

     

     Sindh had never witnessed division of her sons and society like an ugly event of dispute on the Masjid Manzilgah. We lost Saint Singer Bhagat Kanwar Ram because of that situation. In Sukkur the figures of casualties in both, Muslim and Hindu communities were comparable. In two days of rioting 15 Muslims were killed and 04 were injured; the corresponding figures for Hindus were 19 and 06. But in Sukkur District the Hindus clearly suffered more, 57 Hindus were killed and 09 injured as against 01 killed and 01 injured for the Muslims.The trauma of the Masjid Manzalgah disturbances was to get rid of K.B.Soomro and his Government. The dispute was essentially a matter between the Soomro Government and the Muslim League, but issue assumed a communal aspect when the Hindus became concerned with the settlement. Hindus position on the Manzilgah was that its recognition as mosque would jeopardize Hindu use of Sadh Bela, which faced Manzilgah.Hindus viewed the Muslim claim as a threat to their position of dominance and control. Thus they opposed the claim and wanted the building should remain under control of the Government .Muslim League needed support from Hindus for its cause to bring the K.B.Allah Bux Soomro’s government down. It was impossible for League to create situation in Assembly in such a way that the support of Hindu members is withdrawn. The drama of the issue of Masjid Manzilgah made League’s task easy. The Muslim League needed division of people on religious lines for more than two purposes: Leaving no option for Sindhi Muslims to join Muslim League and opt for Pakistan, and creating pressure of Hindus, by Hindus and for Hindu Assembly members to withdraw their support from the Soomro government. The issue of Masjid Manzilgah paved way for Muslim League, thus the long awaited League’s goal of defeating Soomro and removing him from power was achieved in this way.

    The tragedy of Masjid Manzalgah revels inner differences and conflicts of Muslim Upper Class composing of Pir, Landlords and Capitalists. The Movement for the restoration of Masjid Manzilgah was headed by a trio, consisting of a Capitalist (Haji Abdullah Haroon), a Pir/Syed (G.M.Syed) and a Landlord (K.B.Muhammad Ayub Khuhro). Soon after the separation of Sindh from Bombay Presidency, sindhi Muslim capitalists and Muslim Business community tried to get its share in power and opportunities for advancement and progress. Haji Abdullah Haroon was undisputed representative of this segment of Muslim Upper Class. Khuhro, who was taking care of interests o feudal class took more interest in the Movement. Haji Abdullah Haroon opted for safe and protected path and avoided to take any risk because he was from Business man. G.M.Syed managed to super seat them and gave tough time to the Government. That is the talks between Government and Restoration Committee never brought positive results. A feudal and business man avoided agitation and conflict with the Government. Therefore Restoration committee and War Committee were dissolved and Shaikh Wjid of Shikarpur took over as a Dictator, because it was time for offering sacrifices and for this purpose Pirs, Feudals and Capitalists have to leave the ground. 
    13.7.1925: Sindh Commissioner rejects petition of a Muslim of Sukkur claiming the buildings at the site of Mazilgah as an old and ancient mosque and hujirah. However, directs that buildings should be kept in good order and that if Muslims to erect a wall around them.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    1.12.1928: Muhammad Yamin, Secretary, Anjuman-i-Islam, Sukkur, writes to the Collector of Sukkur protesting against his action of not allowing muslims to repair mosque of Manzilgah (Source: Inquiry Report).
    15.12.1928: The Hindu Panchayat of Sukkur makes complaint to the Collector of Sukkur that building has been repaired and now it gives look of a mosque and a Mulla has been appointed.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    20.12.1928: The Collector Sukkur visits site and also meet with Karam Ali Shah, President of the Anjuman-i-Islam to discuss the matter. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    February 1929: Haji Abdullah Haroon visits Sindh Commissioner and invites his attention to the issue of Masjid Manzilgah and brings to his notice that there is possibility of agitation by Sindh Khilafat Tahrik, if no any action is taken by the Government regarding restoration of the Masjid Manzilgah (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    10.11.1929: The President of the Aniuman-i-Islam, Sukkur writes to the Collector claiming building as Mosque. (Source: Newspapers).
    05.10.1931: Sindh Commissioner orders for raising of the wall surrounding the two buildings of Manzilgah to height of six feet and granting of other plot to the Muslims for construction of a mosque.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    11.10.1937: While presiding over and addressing public meeting at Sukkur, Moulana Zafar Ali Khan asks people to get Masjid Manzilgah restored at any cost because it is religious obligation and duty. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    12.10.1937: The doors of disputed building known as Masjid Manzilgah are opend for public with the result that Muslims started visiting the site. The decision of the Government to pave way for  creating serious differences between Hindus and Muslims.(Source: Newspapers)13.10.1937: Dr.Muhammad Yamen, Secretary Majlis-i-Ithad-i-Milat and Naimatullah Secretary Anjuman-i-Islam, Sukkur meet the Collector of Sukkur and presented their point of view on the issue. In the evening a public meeting is held at Suko Talau Jamia Masjid in which both leaders apprise people of their meeting and discussion with the Collector. (Source: Newspapers).
    17.10.1937: The daily Al-Wahid of Karachi gives details about the function and its proceedings that was held at Sukkur and presided over by Moulana Zafar Ali Khan of Punjab. In this fuction Moulana made very emotional and strong worded speech about Masjid Manzigah. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    November 1937: Moulana Muhammad Sadik of Khada advises Muslims of Sukkur  to give up idea of Satyagaraha and asks his party (JUI)men not to involve in the matter. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    05.11.1937: The Daily Al-Wahid of Karachi, in the course of its editorial traces the history of the Masjid Manzilgah and advises Sindhi Muslims to take efforts for its restoration (Source: Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    18.12.1937: The meeting of Muslims of Sukkur is held with Ahmad Ali Khan in chair. It is attended by Naimatullah Khan, Abdul Haq; Hakim Atta Muhammad; Muhammad Ramzan and others. The meeting condemnes publication and distribution of anti-Islam Pamphlets in Sukkur. It is also resolved to send Representation to the Premier of Sindh regarding restoration of Masid Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers).
    30.1.1938: A article by Naimatullah (Alig) of Sukkur is published in today’s Al-Wahid in which the writer asks Sindhi Muslims to take peaceful part in the movement for the restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    14.2.1938: Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Chief Minister of Sindh assures Muslim Deputation of Sukkur that he will visit the site and take proper action (Source: Inquiry Report).
    06.4.1938: The Sindh Provincial Muslim League in its meeting passes resolution demanding restoration of Masjid Manzilgah and authorizes party President (Haji Abdullah Haroon) and party  leader in Assembly (K.B.Muhammad Ayub Khuhro) to wait on the Premier as the matter can be resolved. (Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).
    05.06.1938: The President of Sindh Muslim League (Haji Abdullah Haroon) and K.B.Muhammad Ayub Khuhro hold meeting with K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, the Premier of Sindh and dememded restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: “Soure-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).
    31.7.1938:The Sindh Observer provides full coverage to the proceedings of the Conference held by Sindh Hindu Sabha. (Source: Sindh Observer)
    12.8.1938: The Daily Al-Wahid condemn the policy of Sindh Hindu Sabha regarding the issue of Masjid Manzilgah and ask the Sabha not to spread communalism in Sindh. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    15.3.1939: D.B.Issarsing a personal friend of K.B.Allah Bux writes him protesting against the matter of Masjid Manzilgah being reopend and advise him not to do anything which would give rise to bitterment between two communities. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    April 1939: Moulana Muhammad Sadik of Khada meets K.B.Allah Bux Soomro and discussed important issues including imposition of ban on luwari Haj like event and restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. Soomro assures him of resolving the issue by virtue of restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source:Enquary Report).
    12.4.1939: K.B.Soomro, Chief Minister directs inquiry relating to the inspection on two buildings. Muhammad Ishaq, Dy.Collector is assigned the task. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    14.4.1939: K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, Chief Minister of Sindh sends Moulana Muhammad Sadik of Khada alongwith Hakim Fatih Muhammad Sehwani to Sukkur to visit site and make some opinion about the issue of Masjid Manzilgah so as Government can take proper action in that regard. After visiting the site, they address meeting and advise Muslims of Sukkur not to be agitated as the Government is serious to resove the problem accordingly. (Source:Inquiry Report).
    26.4,1939: The Committee of three Engineers consistng of Hindu, Muslim and Eroupean is appointed by the Chief Minister for the inspection of buildings. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    05.05.1939: Hakim Tajuddin, Acting President of the Sukkur  Ithad-e-Milat writes to Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon requesting him to take interest in the matter of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    06.05.1939: The Committee of three Engineers submit their report to the Government that supported the Muslim case about the Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    11.5.1939: K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, the Chief Minister of Sindh meets a deputation of Hindu leaders at Sukkur and shares idea that the compound will be partitioned. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    12.5.1939: Some Muslims of Sukkur effected on entry into Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers).
    19.5.1939: Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon visits Sukkur and meets various representatives of Muslim Associations. He agrees that the demand of Muslims of Sukkur is justified.He declares support to Sukkur Muslims’ demand regarding restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: The Daily Al-Waid, Karachi).
    25.5.1939: The Mahant of Sadh Belo writes to the Premier Soomro protesting against any reopening of the Masjid Manzilgah question and doubts that it would be source of damage to the peace of Sukkur. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    04.06.1939: Sindh Muslim League adopts resolution on Masjid Manzilgah issue and demands its restoration. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    09.6.1939:Nihchaldas, Minister for PWD records minutes stating his belief that Muslim claim do not seems to bonafide and advises to be consulted before any orders are passed. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    July 1939: Sindh Muslim League’s Working Committee meets in Karachi under chairmanship of Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi and adopts resolution demanding restoration of Masjid Manzilgah and outlines a plan for province-wise agitation to achieve the end. It is also decided that Fund be raised to collect Rs.50,000, including recruitment of 10,000 volunteers for this purpose.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    12.6.1939: Nihchaldas, Sindh Minister for PWD visits the site of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers).
    29.6.1939: In course of its editorial, the Daily Al-Wahid criticises the the polcy and stand of Sindh Jamiat-ul-Ulema and its leaders Moulana Muhammad Saidk of Khada and Hakim Fatih Muhammad Sehwani on Masjid Manzilgah issue. The paper says that they have advised their party-men belonging to  Sukkur not to take part in any agitation in this regard. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    13.7.1939: Son of Pir of Bharchondi states that he has been assaulted in Sukkur town by Hindus. (Source: Newspapers).
    22.07.1939: K.B.Khuhro presides over the meeting of Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee at Karachi and calls Muslim Members of Sindh Assembly to withdraw their support of the Allah Bux Government, and form an alternative government. (Source: Newspapers).
    23.7.1939: The meeting of the Restoration Committee is held at Sukkur with K.B.Khuhro in chair. It is attended by Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi, Nazar Ali Khan; Dr.Yameen; Pir of Bharchondi and Shaikh Wajid.It was decided that 18th August will be observed as ‘Masjid Manzilgah Day’. It also calls upon Muslim members of Assembly to withdraw their support to the Government if it still avoids to restore Masjid Manzilgah.(Inquiry Report).
    24.7.1939: Hindu deputations from Ubaoro and Mirpur Mathelo meet the District Magistrate and stated that they had no part in the assualt of son of Pir of Bharchondi, therfore there should be no reprisals against them. The expressed  that reprisals would be directed against Bhagat Kanwar Ram. (Source; Inquiry Report).
    29.7.1939: Kothawala, District Magistrate addresses meeting of Hindu and Muslim leaders at the Town Hall, Sukkur and urges them to abandon communal feelings and live together in peace. (source: Newspapers).
    31.7.1939: K.B.Soomro, Premier visits Sukkur, calls meeting to attempt a settlement of the beating of son of Bharchondi Pir. (Source: Newspapers).
    03.08.1939: The Daily Al-Wahid in its course of editorial comments on the meeting and decision taken by the Working  Committee of the Sindh Provincial Muslim League and supports  strategy of the party regarding restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    08.08.1939: Newspapers carry an appeal of the Secretary of the Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee, in which Muslims of Sindh are asked to take part in the movement. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid,Karachi).
    17.08.1939: Sindh Governor, Graham while writing to the Viceroy of India describes Masjid Manzilgah is as ‘a possible source of trouble’.(Source: Sindh Governor’s fortnightly report to the Viceroy). Daily Al-Wahid of Karachi, in course of its editorial attacks Hakim Fatih Muhammad Sehwani and his paper ‘Islah’ for advising Sindhi Muslims not to take part in agitation aimed at restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    18.8.1939: ‘Masjid Manzilgah Day’ is observed in the length and breadth of Sindh on the call of Sindh Provincial Muslim League.Threats were held out of resort to Satyagraha and Civil disobedience and also to a campaign for overthrow of the present Ministry. (Source: ‘Source-‘Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute)
    19.8.1939: The Sindh Zamindar, newspaper of Sukkur claims that ‘Sadh Belo’ was originally ‘Shad Belo’ means a place where guests and travelers are provided lodging and boarding facilities. It was latter on occupied by Hindus and converted into their political, religious and social hide out. (Source: Sindh Zamindar, Sukkur).
    27.08.1939: Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee meets at Karachi and asks All-India Muslim League for sanction/permission for starting movement for disobedience. (Source: Newspapers).
    10.9.1939: Moulana Azizullah, Nazim JUI District Tharparkar asks his party-men not to indulge in Masjid Manzilgah issue and wait till the policy matter is announced by the Sindh Jamiat-ul-Ulema. (Source: Newspapers). A meeting of the Jamiat Mujadiyah is held in which it is declared that participation in the Movement for Restoration of Masjid Manzilgah is religious duty. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    12.9.1939: Under the title ‘The Future of Masjid Manzilgah’, the daily Al-Wahid advises Government to resolve the issue without fail. (Source: Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    16.09.1939: Restoration Committee and war Committee are abolished by the Sindh Muslim League and Dictator is set up. Shaikh Wajid of Shikarpur takes over as the first Dictator.(Source: Inquiry Report).Sukkur Muslims take out procession in Sukkur and demand restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers).
    19.9.1939: Galbraith, the D.S.P writes to the Inspector of Police informing him about the decision of the Restoration Committee to start agitation/Satyagraha from  the 1st October 1939.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    20.9.1939: A public meeting of Muslims is held at village Abdul Aziz of Taluka Matli with Pir Ghulam Ali Jilani in chair. In this meeting it is demanded that ban be imposed upon  Hakim Fatih Muhammad Sehwani’s paper ‘Islah’ and it is also resolved that people of Matli Taluka will participate in the agitation started for the restoration of Masjd Manzilgah. (source: Al-Wahid).
    21.9.1939: K.B.Khuhro writes to the Sindh Governor requesting him to take personal interest in the matter as the Government of K.B.Soomro is not ready to pay heed. (Source: ‘Khuhro’s Letters’).
    22.9.1939: Dr.Muhammad Umar, President of Ahrar Sukkur announces participation of his party in agitation. (Source: Newspapers).
    23.9.1939: Volunteers from Dabhro, Kandyaro and Mihrapur proceed to Sukkur. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    24.9.1939: The Daily Al-Wahid of Karachi, in course of editorial, asks Sindhi Muslims to take part in the Movement for the Restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    25.9.1939: Press Note is issued by the Sindh Government on the Masjid Manzilgah issue. It reads: ‘ Government have been approached from several quarters for an early decision regarding the Manzilgah building alleged to be a mosque and rest-house at Sukkur. Government desire to say that this question is receiving their consideration, and that the matter will be disposed of as soon as may be, on a consideration, strictly, of the merits of the case.
    Government understand that it is proposed to stage a ‘Satyagraha’ from the 1st October 1939, with a view to securing the transfer of the  Manzilgah to the Muslims. Government need hardly emphasize that a matter of such controversy, as the disposal of the Manzilgah, should be decided in a calm atmosphere and on a dispassionate consideration of what every party interested in the matter has got to stay.
    It is, therefore, the considered opinion of the Government that it is in the interest of everyone concerned  that the leaders of the Muslim community interested in this question should not launch  ‘satyagraha’, but should wait for the decision of Government. And Government request all concerned in the matter to crate the atmosphere which is necessary for the consideration and disposal of a matter of this import’. (Source: Press Note No.P-237. Signed by T.C.Thadhani, Director of Information, Sindh)
    26.9.1939: Sindh Government imposes Section 144 for two months. (Source: Newspapers).
    27.9.1939: Sindh Premier K.B.Soomro is in Shikarpur. He visits Shaikh Wajid and try to make him realize that that Masjid Manzilgah matter can be resolved and he should not insists upon now or never. (Source: “Source-Material on K.B. Allah Bux Soomro’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute). At Sukkur the wall of the Masjid Manzilgah compound is raised from two to five feet. (Source: Newspapers).
    29.09.1939: Restoration Committee passes resolution calling for commencement of Satyagaraha/Disobedience within three days unless a settlement was reached. (Source: Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).Moulana Abdul Karim Chishti of Shikarpur advises Government of being serious to resolve the issue of Masjid Manzilgah. His article is published in Al-Wahid, today. (Source: Al-Wahid).Pir Ghulam Mujadid issues detailed statement from Matiari asking his followers to paticipate in the Movement for restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    01.10.1939:K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, the Premier of Sindh holds talks with Muslim League leaders Hindu Leaders at Sukkur. It is attended by Haji Abdullah Haroon, Dealmal and Partabrai. But no agreement is reached. Sindh Muslim League launches Movement for the restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. Within two hours 313 agitators  are arrested. This  figure was adopted as  reminiscent of the first Islamic battle of Badar. The arrested persons included Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sarhandi, Pir Abdul Aziz, grandson of Agha Hassan Jan Sarhandi, thirty six Syeds, eleven Moulvis and three Hafizes of Quran. One Thousand volunteers, including sixty women were present in the camp to offer Satyagraha. Other 800 hundred persons were arrested but they were subsequently released.   (Source:  ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).Section 144, Criminal Procedure Code is re-imposed in Sukkur. In all 339 persons are arrested in Sukkur. (Source: Newspapers).
    02.10.1939:Two thousand people gather at the site of Masjid Manzilgah and push past the police and occupy Mosque building. 551 Volunteer-agitators  arrested reported at Sukkur (Source: Newspapers). In his report the Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh writes that ‘A sum of about Rs.2,400 was collected for the furtherance of the agitation and the seriousness of the position compelled the District Magistrate, Sukkur to issue an order under section 144, Criminal Procedure Code. At the intervention of Government, however, the order was withdrawn and it was hoped that the issue of an official statement to the Press that Government were giving the matter full consideration would prevent the threats of Satyagraha, etc., from taking concrete shape. Negotiation between Government and the leaders of the agitation are still in progress but at the time of writing intimation has been received from Sukkur  that one of the leaders of the agitation has precipitated the crisis and that section 144, CPC, has been re-promulgated.(Source: No.P-25-H-S/39,dt: 2.10.1939).
    03.10.1939: More 300 Volunteers are arrested. However, volunteers succeed in occupying the outer compound of the site. On the plea that the Jails are full with arrested people and there is no more food to feed prisoners, the Chief Minister gives orders through the Sukkur District Magistrate that all Satyagarahis be released and  police force be withdrawn from the site.The Restoration Committee issues Press Release giving number of volunteers those have arrived today in Sukkur. It is told that 23 volunteers from Kandyaro headed by Budhal Shah, 24 from Rohri under the leadership of Mahdi Shah, 57 headed by Abu Shoukat and 100 volunteers from Sultankot under leadership of Agha Ghulam Nabi Pathan have arrived to take part in agitation. (Source: Inquiry Report & Newspapers). Moulana Zafar Ali Khan addressing public meeting in Lahore demands restoration of Masjid Manzilgah (Source: Newspapers).The Dawat-i-Islam, Muslim paper of Sukkur deplores the negative role of Hindu Press. (Source: The Dawat-i-Islam, Sukkur).
    04.10.1939: 500 volunteers keep possession of the building. Police is withdrawn. Arrested Children and women are released. (Source: Newspapers).
    05.10.1939: Sindh Governor Graham informs the Viceroy of India that Haji Abdullah Haroon and K.B.Muhammad Ayub Khuhro are very much involved in Masjid Manzilgah issue (Source: Sindh Governor’s fortnightly Report to the Viceroy of India). Volunteers from Halani proceed to Sukkur. (Source: Al-Wahid).
    06.10.1939: Six hundred volunteers including Seth Muhammad Ismail Memon, Hakim Atta Muhammad Bhatti and Hafiz Abdul Majeed are arrested in Sukkur.(Source: Al-Wahid, Karachi). Today, in course of its editorial, the Al-Wahid deplores the negative role being played bu Hindu Press regarding the Masjid Manzilgah issue. (Source: Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    07.10.1939: Sindh Government issues policy statement on the Masjid Manzilgah issue. It is said that Government is very much serious, but cannot play in others’ hands. (Source: Newspapers). The Restoration  Committee  appoints ‘War Council’  foe enrolling volunteers for the proposed Satyagraha at Karachi for picketing the residence of Muslim Ministers. (Source: The Alwahid,Karachi).
    08.10.1939: The meeting of Sukkur Muslim League demands resignation of Abdul Sattar Pirzada, Parliamentary Secretary on a plea that he is not playing due role in the movement. (Source: Newspapers). The ‘Sindhi’ newspaper of Sukkur, edited by eminent Freedom Fighter and politician Veromal Begraj advises Hindus that they should find protection for themselves. (Source: Sindhi, Sukkur).
    10.10.1939: Haji Abdullah Haroon in his letter  apprise M.A.Jinnah of the situation that ‘I have tried to dissuade Muslims from stong action, but now they have declared Satyagaraha and are intend on throwing Allah Bux out’. (Source: Inquary Report). Veromal Begraj makes representation to the Government that volunteers in possession of the Manzilgah have started making serious alterations to the building, and it must be stopped at once. (Source :Sindhi, Veromal’s paper). Pickets are placed in the Rohri Division. District Magistrate writes to apprise Chief Secretary of the serious and critical situation. (Source:Inquiry Report).
    12.10.1939: Hindu Conference is held at Sukkur with Dr.Moonji of Nagpur in chair. The Conference took serious notice of the Sukkur affairs and asks Government to protect innocent people and restore law & order in the district. (Source: Indian Annual Register, Voi-2,1939). Muhammad Hashim Gazdar,MLA, while addressing a Muslim meeting at Eidgah Maidan Karachi, in his anti-British and anti-Ministerial speech says that  telegrams were received from  Quetta, Lahore, Peshawar and Bombay with offers of volunteers, but we have nothing to fear like the Hindus who do not know whether they will transmigrate themselves into a cat or what after death. We Muslim live as Ghazi and die to become martyr. (Source: The Sindh observer).
    13.10.1939: All agitators arrested and detained in connection with Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Movement are released by the Collector of Sukkur. (Source: Inquiry Report). The meeting of Hindus of Sukkur is hold at Nim-Jo-Chowk, situation is reviewed and it is resolved to retaliate any action taken by Muslims with iron hand. (Source; Newspapers). Under the auspices of the Hindu Sabha a meeting is held at Sukkur. Speakers say that Hindus were perfectly within their rights in opposing the  forces of evil, that Sadh Bella had been in existence for 118 years, that the Hindus would not behave like cowards but would show feats of valour and would die fighting and that Government had proved itself worthless. Hindus are urged  to boycott Muslims, requesting them not to waste good Hindu money on their enemies. (Source: The Sansar Samachar).
    14.10.1939:Sindh Muslim League had decided picketing the ministers’ homes. Keeping in view the critical law and order situation,the Governor of Sindh promulgates an Ordinance giving powers to local authorities to arrest without warrant who so ever is found involved in creating law & order situation.(Source: The Ordinance). Handsome number of volunteers from G.M.Syed’s village Saan proceed to Sukkur. (Source: Newspapers). A meeting is held by Sukkur Hindus in which violent speeches are made and it is decided to boycott of Muslim shops.(Source: Ibd). The hartal is observed in Karachi by Muslim Shopkeepers and a procession is taken out to press Government for the restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. In a Press Release of the War Council, it is told that 800 volunteers , including 200 women have been enrolled. (Source: The Alwahid, Karachi).
    15.10.1939: The meeting of the Working Committee of the Sindh Muslim League is held at Karachi tio review and discuss the strategy regarding the Movement for restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers). Kothawala, District Magistrate refutes allegation of Veromal Begraj that serious alterations are being made to the building. (Source: Newspapers). In a meeting of Arya Samaj, held at Karachi, Shamdas P. Gidwani moves a resolution protesting against the illegal occupation of the Manzilgah and urging the Hindu Mahasabha to depute an Enquiry Committee to investigate into the conditions of Hindus. (Source: The Sindh Observer).
    16.10.1939: A private meeting of Hindus is held at Sadh Bella and it is decided to send Hindu Sabha leaders to every  district in Sindh in order to create Sindh-wide  agitation against the restoration of the Manzilgah to Muslims. The Sukkur District Congress Committee also decides that District and Congress MPAs should tour the district of Sindh making  known to the Hindu public that Congress was opposed to the return of the Manzalgah to the Muslims. (Source: The Sindhi, Sukkur). On account of the spilt among the Muslims one Sadiq Ali Shah threatens to picket the houses of K.B. Khuhro and Muhammad Hashim Gazdar, if any compromise with Government was arrived at.  (Source: Newspapers).
    17.10.1939: The meeting is held at Larkano to review the policy and other matters relating to the ‘Restoration of Masjid Mazilgah’. It is attended by K.B.Muhammad Ayub Khuhro, Kazi Fazlullah and others. (Source; The Daily Al-Waheed, Karachi). A public  meeting of Muslims is held at Sukkur. Speakers claim that  the Sadh Bello  was in possession  of Muslims till 1828 and that the wall round the Masjid Manzilgah  was constructed recently at a cost of Rs.700 by Muslims and that the Chief Minister  had also contributed towards that fund. The resolution is passed  protesting against the deportation of  Moulvi Amir Ahmad Jodhpuri from Sindh. (Source: ibid). 
    18.10.1939: Haji Abdullah Haroon and K.B.Khuhro meet K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, the Premier of Sindh to discuss with him matters relating to the Masjid Manzigah issue. They lodged protest with him on the arrest of Kazi Fazlullah at Ruk station today.(Source: Newspapers).
    19.10.1939: Consequent upon evication of Manzilgah  and camping arround by police, disturbances break in Sukkur which afterwards spread to the villages. (Source: Newspapers).
    20.10.1939: Volunteers started arriving at Sukkur. (Source:Press Release issued by the Secretary Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee).
    22.10.1939: The Working Committee of the All-India Muslim League approves the action/decision of Sindh Muslim League for the way Satyagraha was carried out and also appoints Committee to visit Sindh and investigate the issue. (Source: Muslim League Papers)
    23.10.1939: A Pamphlet is published and distributed by Khemchand Gahnomal in Sukkur. It contains material condemning the Government of Sindh’s weak policy regarding very serious iss of the Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: Pamphlet).
    24.10.1939: The Ordinance would be withdrawn if the Muslim League calls off Satyagaraha and evacuate the building, Government of Sindh declares it terms.(Source: Inquiry Report).
    26.10.1939: Sindh Government holds Conference that is attended by K.B Allah Bux Soomro, Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Chief Secretary and the District Magisrate of Sukkur. The strategy for evacuation of building is set. (Source: Inquiry Report)
    27.10,1939: The District Magistrate of Sukkur District issues notice to the members of the Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee asking them to evacuate the site. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).Moulana Khush Muhammad from Mirokhan, Agha Ghulam Nabi from Sultankot and Syed Raza Ali Shah from Khipro along with volunteers proceed to Sukkur. (Source: Newspapers).
    29.10.1939: Under the leadership of Shaikh Wajid, 115 volunteers proceed to Sukkur from Shikarpur. (Source: Newspapers).
    30.10.1939: Sindh Governor informs Viceroy of India (Linlithgow) that with promulgation of Ordinance and reinstitution of Section 144, arrests of Muslims had resumed in Karachi. (Governor’s Fortnightly Report to the Viceroy).
    01.11.1939: Outstanding Singer, Saint and Social Reformer Bhagat Kanwar is killed at Ruk station. (Source: Biography on Shaheed Bagat Kanwar Ram).
    02.11.1939: Complete hartal is observed in Sukkur. Processions are taken out and Sindh Government is condemned for lawlessness and murder of Bhagat Kanwar Ram (Source: Newspapers). The Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh in his Report of 22nd November 1939 writes that ‘ The dead body of Bhagat Kanwar Ram was taken in a procession . In spite of the District Magistrate’s orders the procession also went past the Manzilgah which is still occupied by Muslims. By this time the crowed had swelled to 10,000. The leaders of the procession had vanished by this time and the more or less rebellious  crowd shouted slogans.  However, the occupants of the Manzilgah remained quite. (Source: indicated)
    03.11.1939: The Sindh Observer, newspaper, carries report from its Sukkur Correspondent on the murder of Bhagat Kanwar (source: Sindh Observer).  Sindh observes Hartal. A condolence meeting on the murder of Bhagat Kanwar Ram is held at Jacobabad. Muhammad Amin Khoso, MLA, speaking on the occasion says that the murder of Kanwar Ram, like all other troubles, had been engineered  by  some secret Government agent in order to bring the two communities into conflict. Hyderabad observes hartal to protest against the murder of Bhagat Kanwar Ram. In Karachi, Arya Samaj volunteers clothed in black and carrying  spears and pick-axes take out procession to protest against the murder of Bhagat Kanwar Ram. One speaker said that this murder was a challenge to the Hindus who should organize themselves to oppose the anti-Hindu  element and to support the Arya Vir Dal with men and money.(Source: Newspapers). On the eve of  Juma prayers are held Eidgah Maidan, Karachi, Mirza Adam Khan says that it was astonishing that when the Hannuman Temple  and the Om Mandli issues cropped up Muslims  remained reticent;  but the Hindus were allowed to interfere in the Manzilgah issue because the Sindh Premier seemed to think that the Muslims were a lifeless community. He said that when the Hindus said anything  the Premier  endorsed it like a signing machine.. Juma prayers are also held at the Sukkur Manzilgah. After prayers the congregation is addressed  by some Moulvis who warned  Muslims against purchasing food from Hindu hotels, because they might be beaten by Jathas deployed by Hindus there. (Source: Newspapers).
    04.11.1939: Leaflet signed by Mr. Takur of Shikarpur  is distributed in the city. It claims that the Muslims shrine of Zinda Pir situated at a small island in Indus between Old Sukkur and Rohri was in  reality a Hindu shrine and was taken focible possession of  by Muslims many years ago. The leaflet further proclaimed that the Hindus were distressed over the Muslim possession of Zinda Pir and urged the Hindu MLAs and others to fid the island of Muslims. (Source: Leaflet).
    05.11.1939:The spilt in the Masjd Manzilgah Restoration Committee is intensified. It was only after great opposition from G.M.Syed, MLA, that the Restoration Committee decides to accept with certain modifications the proposals of Government.  G.M.Syed  strongly opposed the proposed  Haroon- Khuhro agreement with Government and threatened to carry on Satyagraha  himself if the terms offered by the Premier  are accepted by Muslim League. G.M.Syed, continued to criticize the Sindh Government and have said that the Muslims will on no account surrender the Mosque to non-Muslims and if force was used against them, the injuction of Islam ‘to treat others as they treat you’ would be observed, Government being  held responsible for any disturbances which might occur. (Source: As reported in the Report of the Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh. Dated:22.11.1939). The meeting of the Rohri Panchayat is held to review the critical situation.It is decided to boycott Muslim  meat shops and submit petition for getting permission from the Collector to open meat shops on their own for Hindus  (Source: Newspapers).
    07.11.1939: The Special meeting of the advocates is called at Sukkur  by Hindus. (Source: Newspapers).
    08.11.1939: The Arya Sabha, Karachi sends an appeal for funds to their Naironi Branch for relieving distress among the Hindus who suffered in riots. (Source: Chief Secretary’s Report, dt.13.1.1940).
    10.11.1939: 1500 persons  attends  the Juma prayers  at Sukkur Masjid Manzilgah . Agha Nazar Ali addresses the congregation after prayers and urged them to remain peaceful and ignore provocative tactics on the part of the Hindus (Source: Newspapers).Dr. Choitram Gidwani and Professor Ghanshyamdas of Sindh Congress visits Sukkur. (Source: Sindh Observer). Hindus have started boycott of Muslims, the newspaper of Sukkur, Dawat-i-Islam reports.(Source: The Dawat-i-Islam, Sukkur).
    14.11.1939: The Dharam Veer, Hindu paper condemns Government policy regarding Masjid Manzilgah and law & order situation in Sukkur. (Source: The Dharam Veer).
    15.11.1939: The Sindh Muslim League Restoration Committee meets in Sukkur to examine and discuss the Government’s offer for the resolving of the Masjid Manzilghah issue. In this meeting the Secretary complained that local members of the Committee  had forcibly seized Rs. 400 collected on Eid day. This was followed by an accusation of Hitlerism again the Secretary who promptly resigned, new Secretary elected being G.M.Syed, MLA. (Source: Newspapers). At an Arya Samaj meeting Principal Ram Sahai Gangaram mixed communalism with religion and said that the communal trouble at Sukkur was likely to reach Karachi, and that Arya Samajist should get a Lathi and knife  for self-defence. He was promptly sent for by the District Magistrate who warned him against making such speeches, failing which action would be taken agaist him. Another speaker exhorted the audience to enlist in the Hindu Volunteer Corps as he alleged that the police force was not strong enough to safeguard Hindu interests. (Source: Reported by the Chief Secretary, on 12.12.1939). One Kundalmal of Hyderabad distributes short iron Dandas amongist the local Hindus at Hyderabad and offers another 50 to the Arya Samaj of Hyderabad (Source: The Sansar Samachar).
    16.11.1939: The Anjuman Jameat-ul-Akhwan  of Karachi and the Provincial Sanatam Dharm Sabha, of Punjab have decided to send their volunteers to Sukkur to give their respective communities support & relief.. (Source: Newspapers). The ‘Hayat’, in its issue of today, writing in communal strain, accuses the Sindh Ministry of dancing at a back and call of Hindus,  who in order to eliminate Muslims were endeavouring to usurp Muslim right to so great an extent that they were now interfering in the religious affairs of the Muslims. The ‘Qurbani’ in its issue of today, in a communal strain alleging that  the Sindhi Muslims  were making daily attacks against the life, honour and property of Hindusand that as the Sindh Government had failed to protect them, it had proved itself incapable of governing. (Source: indicated).
    17.11.1939: About 1500 Muslims attend Juma prayer in the Manzilgah Mosque and are addressed there-after by Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sarhandi of Shikarpur, who exhorts the Satyagrahis to remain firm at their posts and only allow the police to take possession of the Mosque at the cost of their lives. The situation continued to be tense and was aggravated by the behaviour of the Hindu Sabha volunteers who were strutting  about in streets in Khaki dress.(Source: The Report of the Chief Secretary to the Government of Sindh).  Five Sub-Inspectors, 160 additional police and teargas Squad arrive at Sukkur in furtherance of the evacuation scheme. (Source: Newspapers). Swami Dutt presides over the meeting of local branch of Arya Samaj, at Kambar. He eulogises  the past powers of Hindus and advises participants to face the situation with boldness. (source: Newspapers). The ‘Asr-i-Jadid’ contains  an editorial strongly criticising the speech of Dr. Moonji at the Hindu Conference  held at Sukkur recently (Source: indicated- This may kindly be noted that the Conference was for Hindus only  and a Christian shorthand reporter  was not permitted to enter the pandal, while even two Hindu reporters were refused entry on the pretext that all tickets had been sold.)
    18.11.1939: Servants of People Society of Lahore takes notice of distress among the Hindus of Upper Sindh and decides to provide financial and moral support to them. (Source: Newspapers, and see also The Report of the Sindh Chief Secretary, dt.13.1.1940).
    19.11.1939:  Manzalgah area is evacuated by force. G.M.Syed and other leaders are arrested in Sukkur.Violence erupts in Sukkur city. Nine dead bodies are brought to Civil Hospital, four of whom were Muslims and five Hindus. Six persons brought injured deied later on and they were three Muslims and three Hindus. (Source: Inquiry Report). The Chief Secretary reports that ‘ Stray assualts  on unwary persons occurred during the day. A Moulvi was killed inside his house by a sowrd –thrust. The sword was left by the culprits in the body of their victom presumbly as a reply to the murder of Bhagat Kanwar Ram.Curfew is imposed for twenty four hours in the city.(Source: Reort, dated 19.12.1939).
    20.11.1939: Eleven injured persons and eleven dead bodies are received at the Civil Hospital, Sukkur.Two of injured were Muslims and nine were Hindus, and  seven dead bodies were of Hindus and four of Muslims.Two more injured Hindus died in the hospital. A deputation of six Hindu leaders asks Kothawala, District Magistrate of Sukkur to post Hindu poilce in Muslim quarters to protect Hindus. (Source: Inquiry Report). The ‘Islah’, in its issue of todat contained a leader  condemning Hindu propaganda against Muslims and opined that a Civil War would result if such propaganda continued. (Sourec: indicated). Today a notice is served under rule 41 (1) (a) of the  Defence of India  Rules on all newspapers in Sindh requiring  them to submit  all matters relating to the Mazilgah agitation and its outcome and all references to Bhagat Kanwar Ram;s murder  to the securitny  of the Provincial Press Adviser or the District Press Advisers of their respective districts. (Source: Chief Secretary’s Report, dated 12.12.1939). [The Sindh Muslim League/Haji Abdullah Haroon directed Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi to shift his propaganda cell to Lahore, where he also got support from other Provincial Muslim League branches and conducted most virulent propaganda. The ‘Zamindar’, ‘Ahsan’and ‘Shahbaz’ newspapers published articles on Sukkur riots and held  the Sindh Government responsible for the disturbanse . Joint statements of Yousif Abdullah Haroon Haroon and Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi were carried by Punjab Muslim Press to help Sindhi Muslims. ]
    21.11.1939: Lord Linlithgow, the Viceroy of the India writes to Sir Lancelot Graham, the Governor of Sindh that ‘I need not add that in regard to any situation of delicacy or difficulty, such as the Manzilgah Mosque case, I should wish to be kept in touch by urgent telegram, so that I can myself keep the Secretary of State in touch and avoid parliamentary difficulty which may otherwise on occasion arise’. (Source: indicated). Meeting is called by Mr.Kothawala of Hindus and Muslim leaders in his office to review the situation. Hindus demand imposition of Martial law in Sukkur. Meanwhile five injured [3 Muslims & 2 Hindus] and four dead bodies [3 Hindus & 01 Muslim] are brought to the Sukkur Hospital. (Sources: Inquiry Report , Newspapers). Trouble spread to Rohri where four Hindus were killed , and to mofussil, where the Mukhi og Goserji and Sanghi were murdered.(Source: Chief Secretary’s Report). The Mayor of Karachi, R.K.Sidhwa calls a meeting of prominent Muslim and Hindu citizens to allay the fear of a disturbance. Hashim Gazdar, MLA and member of the Restoration Committee issues statement to the press and makes appeal for suspension of the Satyagraha. (Source: Newspapers).As an off-shoot of the trouble at Sukkur the returning Satyagrahis displaced a rail between Saan and Khuman in District Dadu on the N.W.Railway. The fish plates were removed  as well as 25 dog-spikes holding it to sleepers. Six  sleepers were also found burning at thee different places between Tirath Laki and Amri. About forty members  of the Arya Vir Dal,  of Hyderabad organised on Khaksar lines  paraded with Lathi. It was decided by their meeting that to form an organisation for protection of Hindus. The Young Bhaiband Club of Hyderabad, Amil Shewa Dal of Hyderabad also took same decision and enrolled volunteers and collected subscriptions. (Source:The Report of the Chief Secretary. Dated 12.12.1939). The ‘Hayat’, in its issue of today reports falsely that a Jat Sikh Regiment  attacked  innocent wayfarer Muslims with bayonets and that Hindu officers instigated Hindus against Muslims. The paper further says that the Hindus of Sukkur  were waiting for an opprotunity to run madly towards the city and plunder  Muslim shops and set fire to Muslim houses . It was all false. (Source: indicated). The ‘Kumar’ in its issue of today alleged that  Muslim police  at Sukkur failed to prevent  Muslim rioters from attacking  Hindus and burning Hindu houses  and even helped Muslims to do so. (Source: indicated). The ‘Sansar Samachar’ in its issue of today  in lengthy article entitled ‘ An Open Letter To His Excellency Sir Lancelot Graham, Governor of Sindh’, commenting on communal events in Sindh stated that the Hindus had to pay the penalty of the Manzilgah- a dispute between Government and the Muslims and appealed to Governor to interfere in the matter and protect the life and property of Hindus. (Source: indicated).
    22.11.1939: Six injured persons and two dead bodies of Muslims are brought to the Sukkur Civil Hospital (Source: Inquiry Report). Railway Telephone wires between Manjhand and Kotri are cut. Some Sleepers on Bridge No.418 bettween Saan and Amri are found burning. (Source: Chief Secretary’s Report of dated 12.12.1939).
    23.11.1939: A Panchayat in Larkana District  requests the Shriromani Akali Dal of Amratsar to send five Akalis who will be paid Rs.15 per month as salary for four months.Some of the  Hindus of the Gordhandas Cloth Market of Karachi, who were  regular customers of a Muslim newspaper vender, refused to purchase papers from him.  (Source: The Report of the Chief Secretary, Sindh, dated 12.12.1939).
    24.11.1939: A railway telegraph post and the wires are again cut between Sabu Rahu and Sakrand is knocked down and the wires cut. (Source: As reported by the Chief Secretary on 12.12.1939). The ‘Ahsan’ of Lahore, in nits issue of today, published a poem entitled ‘Manzilgah’. This paper also contains article on Manzilgah issue, criticizing the Sindh Government, demanding the restoration of the Mosque, the resignation of the Sindh Ministry, the grant of compensation to the relatives of Muslim killed in the riots and appointment of a Inquiry Committee.(Sourse: indicated).
    25.11.1939: Two persons are killed on shop at Sindh Wah, Shikarpur. (Source: Newspapers). Telegraph wires are again cut between Amri and Saan.(Source: As reported by the Chief Secretary on 12.12.1939).
    26.11.1939: The Bombay Muslim League has requested the Sindh Muslim League to send it daily report  regarding the happenings in Sindh arising out of the Sukkur Masjid Manzilgah agitation.(Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).
    01.12.1939: Sikhs from Quetta has appealed to the President, Shromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee, Amratsar, to prevent the Muslims from taking possession of the Sukkur Sadhbelo, which they allege was a Gurdwara. They also threaten to bring into Sindh a Jatha of 300 men with Kirpans in order to protect Sadhbela and lay down their lives for the cause of their religion. (Source: Newspapers). The ‘Inqlab’ of Lahore has published  a statement of Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi condemning  the Sindh Ministry for the oppression of the Muslims  involved in the Manzilgah agitation, accusing Hindus of having delivered provocating speeches at the Sindh Hindu Conference, held at Sukkur just previously, and requesting  the Sindh Governor to dissolve  the Sindh Legislative Assembly and order fresh election. Pir Ali Muhammad Shah had escaped arrest in Sindh and is at present in Punjab. The ‘Shahbaz’ of Lahore, today, has published  resolution passed  at a Muslim League meeting at Peshawar condemning  the Sindh Ministry for the communal disturbances at Sukkur. The ‘Sindh Observer’ has taken objection to Punjab Muslim Press propaganda. The ‘Al-Islam’ of Quetta published ‘ Martyrs issue’  and cotain articles in a communal strain on the Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: indicated).
    02.12.1939: Reports have gone  to Amirtsar Gurdwar in which it has been falsely alleged that nearly  two hundred children were burnt alive during the Sukkur riots. Appeals have been made to Sikh community at Amirtsar to send Jathas to help the Hindus, who were prepared to pay expenses  and co-operate secretly  with Jathas. Bhai Parmanand of Lahore is taking personal interest in the protection of Sindh Hindus. He is in touch with Shamdas P. Gidwani  of Sindh Hindu Sabha. The Some of Sindhi Hindu communal leaders  have sent letters to Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Pandit  Jawaherlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose that  the Muslim ministers were persecuting  Hindu villages and also that the womenfolk of the Hindu community were molested by Muslim ruffians. (Sindh Home Department’s Report). The ‘Ehsan’ and the ‘Shahbaz’  of Lahore contain resolutions passed at Quetta condemining  the Sindh Ministry  for its anti-Muslim policy and demanding  the restoration of the Manzilgah. (Source: indicated).
    03.12.1939: The meeting of the Working Committee of the District Muslim League, Shikarpur adopts resolution that Hindu villagers intended to involve innocent Muslims in court cases arising of the Sukkur riots and Government is urged to look into matter. (Source: Newspaper). Mr. Viromal Begraj, President, Sindh Hidu Sabha has requested the leaders of the Hindu Maha Sabha like Dr. Moonji, Mr. V.D. Savarkar and others to visit Sukkur and conduct enquirs into the atrocities perpetrrated on Hindus by Muslims. (Source:The Sindh Observer). The ‘Shahbaz’ paper of Lahore, in its issue of today publishes an account of riots at Sukkur in which it says  that propaganda maligning the Muslims was carried by Hindus ever  since the Sukkur Manzilgah agitation was started. (Source: indicated). The ‘Al-Wahid’, The ‘Qurbani’, The ‘Dharamvir’, The ‘ DAwat-i-Islam’, The ‘Sindhi’ and the ‘Zamindar’ newspapers  served Notices under Section 144 of the C.P.C, directing the editors to refrain from publishing any articles in connection with the Manzilgah agitation for a period of one month. (Chief Secretary’s Report of 12.12.1939).
    04.12.1939: A Muslim meeting is held at Larkano at which the speakers requested the audience to volunteer their names for Sukkur agitation in case Government failed to restore the Manzilgah Mosque to Muslims. A complete hartal was also observed by Muslim businessmen as a mark of displeasure against the Government attitude.(Source: Newspapers). The Sanatan Dharam Pritinidhi Sabha of Lahore decides to send a batch of volunteers to help the Hindus of Sindh. (The ‘Partab’, Lahore).
    05.12.1939: Basantram Motwani, President Sukkur Municipalty writes to Inspector-General –General of Police giving details of vicitmization of Hindus of Sukkur. (Source: Inquiry Report).Valecha of the Sukkur district Congress Committee issues /produce a pamphlet written to the Sindh Premier. It is based on oral representations made by the Sukkur Panchayat. (Source: Pamphlet). At an Arya Samaj meeting in Karachi, speakers advise the audience to develop physical strength in order to be in position to protect Hindu community. One of speakers alleged that  after looting the Hindus in Shikarpur, their womenfolk were burn alive. Handbills issued by Mr. Shamdas P. Gidwani were distributed on this ocassion in which Hindu women and children were advised not to leave their houses after sunset. Such a type of meetings are reported from Larkano and Hyderabad also. (Source: Newspapers). A pamphlet  entitled , ‘Why Bloodshed in Sindh?’ by Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi, printed at Lahore is distributed in various cities of Sindh. It reviews Sindh affairs  from the Muslim League point of view and criticising the present Ministry, alleges that the bloodshed and lawlessness which occurred on the Sukkur Manzilgah  question was due to the fact that present Ministry were afraid of losing their Hindu following. The Pamphlet further alleges that the Ministry is in custody and at the mercy of the Hindu party.( This Pamphlet was forefeited under the Press Act, on 09.12,1939). The ‘Zamindar’ of Lahore contains a letter from an unknown MLA of Sindh, conveying thanks to the Punjab Muslims, and says that while the Sindh Government had gagged  the Muslim press in Sindh,  the Hindu press continued in indulging in anti-Muslim propaganda. This letter demands payment of compensation to Muslim sufferers and the release of Manzilgah prisoners.( Source: indicated). [It is doubted that the letter was written by Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi, who was in Lahore and he managed to get it published.]. The Sindh Government imposes ban on   the Poster  in Sindhi entitled, ‘ Sindh Je Musalmanan Danh Pegham’  under  Indian Press Emergency Powers Act. (Source: Government Notification).
    06.12.1939: The ‘Ehsan’ of Lahore, in its issue of today published resolutions condemning the Sindh Ministry,  passed at Muslim meetings held at Sialkot, Rasulpur, Kapurthala and Kot Radhe Kishin. (Source: indicated). The Sindh Government forefeited a poster in Urdu, entitled, ‘Sindh ke Muzloom aur bekas Musalmanan ke nam Musalmanan Hind ka Pegham’ [Message from Muslims of India to the oppressed and helpless Muslims of Sindh]. It carry the name of Muhammad Ibrahim Chishti, Secretary, Punjab Muslim Students Federation, printed at Itthad Press, Ball Road, Lahore, in which it is said that unarmed Muslims have been slaughtered at Sukkur and that Government are not only piercing the bosoms of innocent Muslims by their own bullets, but also instigating  the Hindus to do same. It contains an appeal that the Sindh Manzilgah Martyrs Day should be observed throughout the length and breadth of Punjab, on Friday, the 1st December 1939. It also appeals to the Punjab Muslims for funds and volunteers to help the oppressed Muslims of Sindh.
    07.12.1939: A black flag procession is taken out in Larkano which ended with public meeting. The speakers exhorted the audience to saxcrifice their lives and property in the case of the Manzilgah and appealed to Government to release All Muslims arrested in connection with the agitation for restoration of Masjid Manzilgah. (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid). The Sindh Government imposes ban on  a Cyclo-styled letter in Sindhi regarding the evacuation of the Manzilgah at Sukkur and purporting  to have been addressed by Shaikh Abdul Latif from Sukkur to K.B. Allah Bux Soomro. The action has been taken under the Indian Press Emergency Powers Act. (Source: Government Notification)
    08.12.1939: A hartal is observed in Dadu District as a protest again the arrest of G.M.Syed and was followed by a procession in which an effigy of the Premier K.B.Soomro with blackened was taken out and burnt. In an other meeting speakers alleged that the Zulum that was perpetrated against the Muslims was a result of bribe taken by the Premier from Hindus. The students of Nauahahro Feroz Madressah and High school did not attend their classes for one day as a protest against Government;s policy regarding the Sukkur Manzilgah. (Source: Newspapers).
    12.12.1939: The Chief Secretary to the Government of Sindh informs the Government of India that “An objectionable poster on the alleged demands of Indian Muslims regarding the Manzilgah riots, printed at Lahore in Urdu and Sindhi has come to notice in Karachi and Sukkur respectively were copies were found posted on the walls of Mosques and other public places. The poster is being sent to Sindh  enclosed in Urdu newspaper printed in Lahore. The poster refers to  the heartless and oppressive manner in  which innocent and oppressed Muslims of Sukkur  have been ruined and compares the conditons at Sukkur to those obtaining in the days of Hilako Khan and Chaghez Khan. It goes on to say that the only crime committed by the Muslims of Sukkur  and Sindh was that they wanted the House of God to be restored to them. The poster also criticizes the Ministry in that, that after siplling the blood of Muslims at Sukkur they still cling to offices. It demands that compensation for the loss of  Muslim lives and property should be paid by the Premier and Sir Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah from their own pockets and they should resign foethwith and retire from public life. This poster was also received enclosed in copies of the ‘Inqlab’ of Lahore. Government propose to proscribe this poster under section 19 of the Press (Emergency Powers) Act, 1931. It is understood that the leaders of the Manzilgah agitation have approached the editor of the ‘Civil and Military Gazette’ and the ‘Statesman’ for support to their publicity. It is further learnt that the editor of the ‘Al-Wahid’ has engaged the services of  messengers to collect all news about the Manzilgah Satyagraha and Sukkur riots  which he intends to send to the Punjab for publication so as to represent the case of Muslims and to keep alive  the agitation from Lahore. The ‘Al-Wahid’ believes that the material so collected will be useful as evidence before an Enquiry Commission, if such is appointed. The Punjab Government have however been requested to impose a censorship on these attacks upon the Sindh Ministry. (Source: indicated).
    13.12.1939: The ‘Star of India’, Calcutta published exaggereted reports of the Sukkur riots and are refuted by Sindh Government. (Source: Chief Secretary’s Report, dt:13.1.1940).
    15.12.1939: The military is removed from the bazar area of Sukkur town. (Source: Newspapers). The ‘Inqlab’ and ‘Ihsan’ , both papers of Lahore contain articles on Sukkur roits. The latter newspaper  appeals to Muslim lawyers to volunteer their services free of charge to defend Muslims involved in Sukkur riot cases. (Source: Inqlab and Ihsan Newspapers of Lahore).
    16.12.1939:  The Sindh Governor, L.Graham writes detailed letter  to the Viceroy of India so as to apprise him of the  situation created by Sukkur riots. He writes: ‘ There can, I think, be no doubt that the main blame lies with the Muslims for trouble in Sukkur itself, though it must be admitted that the Hindus contributed  to the ill-feeling by their provocative attitude especially on the occasion of their Conference which was addressed by Dr. Moonji…..The Muslim League continues to scream  for the blood of my Cabinet, though Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon has thought fit to remove himself with his minion, Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi, to Lahore. From there he is pouring out propaganda  and I am waiting my chance to pick him up for substantial offence under the Penal Code. My Ministers were anxious to prosecute Rashdi  for a Pamphlet which mainly consisted of a personal attack on me for my alleged unconstitutional manner in the selection of my Ministers. (Source: indicated). The ‘Al-Islam’ of Quetta published an objectionable article under the caption:’Eye Witness Account of the Sukkur Manzilgah Mosque’. In this article it is sought to prove that  there was a pre-arranged conspiracy on the part of Hindus to massacre Muslims, that shots were fired by the Hindus who were sitting on house tops well-equiped with two thousand guns, that firing took place on Sadh Bella island resulting in the death of many Muslim boatmen, that two hundred armed Hindus set fire to several Muslim shops.(Source: Chief Secretary’s Report, dt: 13.1.1940).
    19.12.1939: The ‘Inqlab’ of Lahore, appeals to Muslims of Sindh to overthrow the present ministry of K.B.Allah Bux Soomro. (Source: The Inqlab, Lahore). 20.12.1939:Sir Haji Abdullah Haroon, in a meeting held at his residance apprise leaders of Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee of his meeting with M.A.Jinnah and inform them that Jinnah was in favour of sending Investigating Committee to Sindh to probe the issue. (Source: Newspapers).  At a   meeting of Sukkur District Jamiat-ul-Ulema held at Pano Aqil, at which Moulvi Abdullah of Haleji presided, it was decided to make arrangements  to preach nationalism and Hindu-Muslim unity. The meeting also passed a resolution regretting the attitude of the Hindu Maha Sabha towards the question of the Manzilgah, and urging them to refrain from opposing the return of the mosque to the Muslims. (Source: Newspapers).
    22.12.1939: The local Muslim paper of Sukkur writes that ‘ A month had passed since the Hindu-Muslim riots broke out at Sukkur. During this period the leaders of Sukkur  repeatedly requested the Chief Minister and the Collector to open the gates of the Lloyd Barrage, as we were certain that corpses of Muslims were lying in the river. The Government of Sindh opened the gates only on 20th December 1939 and within two days eight corpses were taken out which were in advanced stage of decomposition. (Source: Quoted in Government record. See, Governor’s report to the Viceroy, dt. 9.1.1940).
    27.12.1939: Sindh Governor, in his letter writes that ‘ I asked my Chief Minister (Allah Bux Soomro) on 23rd December wether he had been to the Jumma (Jamia) Masjid to say his prayers on the 22nd and he replied to me quite simply that he was not going to places like mosques at present as there is a risk of his being assassinated by emissaries of the Muslim League. Source: Date of Letter indicated. Photo copy with Gul Hayat Institute).
    28.12.1939: The troops are withdrawn from Shikarpur.(Source: Newspapers).
    09.01.1940: L.Grahm, the Governor of Sindh, apprising the Viceroy and Governor-General of India of Sukkur situation writes that ‘ You will remember that I sent you figure of casualties at Sukkur. Both sides are obviously anxious to show that their own side has suffered the large number of casualties and I persume that their intention is that it should be thought that side which was suffered the most casualties cannot have been aggressor’. (Source: indicated in the text).
    13.1.1940: In his report to the Secretary to the Government of India, I.H.Taunto , Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh write that: ‘
    “It is reported that though normal conditions have been restored in Sukkur, neverthless Hindus and Muslims are suspicious of each other and are arming themselves.Since the removal of the militry  from the bazar area of Sukkur town, the Khaksars have taken to parading the Muslim quarter. Other military disposition will have to remain as they are at present until the future of the Manzilgah is decided. There has been no progress in this direction as the Hon’ble Premier was away in Bombay.
    An an offshoot of the Sukkur riots, there has been a demand for the enlistment of more Hindus in the Police Department, increase in the Police force in the Province and grant of gun licences liberally to Hindu villagers. Government have acceded to demand for more Police by santioning the recruitment of 250 extra men and Punjab Government have been requested to give effect to an offer which they made in November to assist in the recruitment of this special force…The District Magistrates have been granting gun licences to Hindu villagers liberatly. Efforts have been made by non-official Hindus to appoint volunteers in towns and villages to safeguard Hindu interests.
    The President Sindh Hindu Sabha, has spread exaggerated reports regarding the Sukkur riots in which it is said that two hundred and fifty Hindus had been murdered, that fifty lakhs worth of property has been lostand that eleven Hindu girls had been abducated, out of whom only eight had been restored and three are still missing. These figures are about double the true numbers. (Source: Government of Sindh Home Department [special] No.P-25-H(S)/39, Sindh Secretariat,Karachi)
    14.1.1940: Police is huntting for Muhammad Salih, a retired City Magistrate and Mukhtyarkar at Shikarpur. He is to be arrested  under Special Powers Ordinance,1939. This man was responsible for inflammatory articles in local newspapers.(Source:Newspapers)
    15.1.1940: Mahbub Ali Shah, Secretary, Muslim League Relief Committee, Sukkur, has sent a disappointing report to the Sindh Provincial Muslim League, regarding collections towards the Relief Fund. The amount collected is Rs.1,019 and the expenditure to date is more than Rs.700. Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi, MLA, Secretary, Sindh Provincial Muslim League, has issued an appeal for the sale-proceeds of the skins of animals sacrified on Bakri-Idd to be credited to the Provincial Muslim League Sukkur Relief Fund. (Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).
    16.1.1940: The Sindh Muslim league has asked M.A.Jinnah to expedite the enquiry on behalf of the League into the Manzilgah affair, since the Congress inquiry has been finalized. (Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute). The Governor of Sindh apprising the Viceroy of India of the Manzilgah affair writes that ‘ Abdul Qayum of the Central Legislative Assembly who was sent on behalf of Congress to make an inquiry has concluded his efforts in the space of a very few days and it is quite impossible that he should really have got to the root of the matter. At the same time he has made some very shrewd observations and has said that he has been struck particularly in Sindh by the lack of organised parties and any kind of loyalty to Ministers. (Reference: Governor’s letter of 16th of January 1940).
    17.1.1940: The NWFP Muslim League have informed the Sindh Muslim league that since the Congress Relief Committee has already started work, anything done by the League would look ‘sham and imitation’. They have, however, persuaded a young Lawyer, Sajad Ahmad Jan of Abotabad, to go to Sukkur and appear gratis on behalf of the Muslims in the cases there. (Source: ‘Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute). Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sarhandi and others are released. (Source: Newspapers).
    18.1.1940: Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi is at Lahore, saw Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, the Premier of Punjab in connection with the Manzilgah affair, and writes to K.B.Khuhro to visit Lahore to interview the Punjab Premier. It is learnet that Hassanally Effendi, Barrister-at-Law, who is an Assistant Public Procecuter, has offered his services free to the Muslims who are accused of offences in connection with the Sukkur riots. (Souece: Chief Secretary to Sindh Government’s report to the Government of India, No.P-25-H/40, dt, 18th January,1940). A meeting of Karachi Journalist passes resolution protesting against the continuance of, and urging Government to withdraw precensorship regarding the publication in Sukkur  Manzilgah news. (Source: Newspapers).
    19.1.1940: There is a bomb explosion near the Cinema in Sukkur, and a Hindu alleged to have been carrying the bomb is injured and captured. An other bomb is thrown at the Moharram procession at Nim-Jo-Chowk of Sukkur resulting one is killed and other 20 injured. (Sources: Inquiry Report, Newspapers).
    20.1.1940: Five are murdered in Rohri town, five more in Rohri taluka, six in Pano Aqil, four in Obauro taluka. All are Hindus. (Source: Inquiry Report). Thirty-seven Hindus are murdered at Gosirji. Sub-Inspector of Police is later on prosecuted under Section 211 of IPC. (Reference: Ibd). Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sarhandi, at the Idd congregation held at Hyderabad, blames Government for Sukkur disturbances and announces  that out of one thousand Muslims arrested, hardly twenty per cent were real offenders. He also protest against the demand of the ‘Hindu Independent Party’, saying that if ‘ fourteen points’ were cancelled the Muslims would dissociate themselves from the Hindus and the Ministry. (Source: Newspapers).
    21.1.1940: Twenty-one Hindus, including Santumal are killed at Lakhi. (Source: Newspapers).
    23.1.1940: A considerable military force arrives in Shikarpur, (Source: Newspapers).
    24.1.1940: Pir Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi is making efforts to secure the services of the Lawyers from Punjab to defend Muslim charged with rioting at Sukkur. He has suggested to the Sindh Muslim League that they should arrange to provide the families of Muslims in jail with food and clothing. In order to collect funds it is proposed to send two or three deputations on a tour of India. Rashdi is affaired that if adequate collections for the sufferers in Sukkur riots are not made, it would have a bad effect on the League’s  influence. (Source: Reported by the Sindh Chief Secretary in his Report, dated 2nd February 1940)
    25.1.1940: The Sindh Arya Pritinidi Sabha deputes Ramchand Khanna of Multan and Rupchand Sipahimalani of Hyderabad to conduct an enquiry into the Sukkur disturbances, and has decided to carry on relief work in the district. (Source: Newspapers).
    26.1.1940: The Sindh Provincial Hindu Sabha, Sukkur, have requested Sir Manmathanath Mukerjee and Dr. Sir Gokalchand  and Narang of Lahore to visit Sukkur, and enquire into the recent disturbances on behalf of Sabha. On the other hand Naraindas Ratanmal Malkani has been appointed as Chief Organizer by the Sukkur District Congress for the purpose of collecting facts and figures regarding the loss sustained during the Sukkur disturbances. (Source: Newspapers).
    20.2.1940: The Gharibabad Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Sukkur, have  appointed a Committee to arrange for the defence of Sikhs prosecuted for carrying  ‘Kirpans’ during the resent Sukkur disturbances. (Source: Newspapers).  The Newspaper ‘Qubani’ criticises the Ministry for its conduct in the Manzilgah affair and reproduces the resolutions passed at the  Working Committee of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha that a ‘Sukkur riots Day’ be observed throughout India on the 3rd March by holding meetings at which  Government should be urged to punish the offenders. (Source: indecated ).
    21.2.1940: On arrival at Larkano, Kazi Fazlullah, one of the leaders who were arrested under the Ordinance on account of the Manzilgah agitation, is received at station by hundreds of Muslims who welcome and garlanded him. (Source: Newspapers).
    22.2.1940: It is reported that a sum of about Rs. 40,000 has been collected for the Congress  Sukkur Relief Fund, mainly from Bombay, but also from places so far away as Coimbatore. Government in addition to the grant of Rs. 25,000 already sanctioned, have decided to allot Rs. 50,000 for loans at low rates of interest to those who were rendered destitute by riots. (Source: Newspapers).
    23.2.1940: The Secretary, Sindh Provincial Muslim League, has appealed to the Muslim public and branches of the League in Sindh to protest  against the proposed extension of the Sindh Frontier Regulation to Sukkur District. (Source: Source-Material on Sindh Muslim League’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).  Leaflets regarding the Manzilgah entitled ‘ The Truth about the Manzilgah. My interview with  His Excellency’, over the signature of T.D. Chatlani of the Union Shrine Agency, and by Shamsulhaq regarding the Muslim demands in relation to the Manzilgah were sold in Karachi for one piee each. (Source: Newspapers). The Newspaper, ‘Hindu’ in its issue of today reproduces the resolutions passed by the Working Committee of the All-India Hindu Mahasabha and appeals for observing 3rd March as a ‘Sukkur riots Day’. (Source: indicated). The Newspaper, ‘Sansar Samachar’ in its issue of today, in an anti-Ministerial article asks the Hindu MLAs not to join the Allah Bux Ministry alleging that the Muslim Ministers had encouraged the ‘Satyagrahis’ associated with the Manzilgah movement. (Source: indicated).
    24.2.1940: Proceedings under Section 153-A, Indian Penal Code have been taken against the ‘Dawat-i-Islam’ and ‘Sansar Samachar’ for exciting communal bitterness. (Source: Newspapers)
    01.03.1940: All troops at Sukkur, including the company of Rajputs are withdrawn. (Source: Government Notification). At a meeting of  the Hindu Sabha, Hyderabad, a resolution is passed sympthising with editor of the ‘Sansar Samachar’, because of his prosecution under Section 153-A, Indian Penal Code, for writing an article on the Manzilgah affair  which was intensely communal. Today, the said paper has appealed to Hindus for monetary help to defend the editor. A sum of Rs.10 has been raised so for his defence. (Source: indicated).
    02.03.1940: A public meeting presided over by K.B. Ali Bux Muhammad Hussain held at Shikarpur  demands lifting of ban on the movements of certain members of the Masjid Manzilgah Restoration Committee. (Source: Newspapers). Under the auspices of the Guru Singh Sabha and the Azad Khalsa Dal, Karachi, ‘Nabha Day’ is observed where resolutions are passed urging the Government of India to re-install the ex-Maharaja Gurcharansingh of Nabha on the Gadi, and urging the Sindh Government to release the Sikhs arrested for wearing oversized ‘Kirpans’ during the Sukkur riots. (Source: Newspapers).
    03.03.1940: The Arya Samaj and the Hindu Mahasabha observe ‘Sukkur Day’ with three-fold object, viz, to sympathize with the Hindu sufferers in Sukkur riots, to urge Government  to appoint Hindu and Sikh policemen in Sukkur district and to raise funds in aid of Hindu sufferers. (Source: ibd).
    04.03.1940: The dissemination of tendentious literature on the Sukkur agitation continues. The Police intercepted under Section 26 of the Post Office Act, the following documents, all exhibiting a strong pro-Hindu bias: – ‘Statement  of Manzilgah and Sukkur Riots’, issued by Dr.Choithram P. Gidwani, MLA, and Professor  Ghanshyam Jethanand, MLA, ‘Manzilgah and Sukkur Riots’, by C.T.Valecha, MLA, and  ‘Report regarding the Manzilgah  affair and recent Sukkur disturbances’, by Lalchand Arya, Secretary, Sindh Provincial Hindu Mahasabha, Sukkur. (Sourece: Chief Minister to Government of Sindh’s Report, dated,19th March 1940). 
    05.03.1940: Two more Newspapers, viz., ‘Al-Wahid’ and the ‘Qurbani’ are prosecuted for exciting communal bitterness under Section 153-A of the Indian Penal Code. (Source: Newspapers).  The ‘Sansar Samachar’ , in its issue of today, congratulates the ‘Hindu Independent Party’ for sitting in opposition benches and appeal to them to vote in favour of the rupee one cut motions to bring down the Ministry. It goes on to say that the public should not celebrate ‘Holi’ because the minds of Hindus are grived at the atrocities perpetrated against them in Sukkur. (Source: indicated).
    11.3.1940: The Sindh Governor, while apprising the Viceroy of India of the Manzilgah affair, writes that ‘ I have nothing to add on the subject of the Manzilgah because I have already made it plain that the Manzilgah was merely used as a stick with which to beat Government’. (Source: Governor’s letter of 11.3.1940).
    18.3.1940: The Newspaper ‘Qurbani’ criticises the new Ministry and adds that the so called Nationalist Party consists of Muslim Leaguers who were responsible for the ugly event which occurred in Sukkur district. (Source: date of the issue of the paper is given).
    23.3.1940; The Sindh Governor while apprising the Viceroy of India of the Manzilgah affair writes that ‘ The Manzilgah business is one of the matters which the new Government has undertaken to settle. The agreement is that there shall be an inquiry by a competent tribunal, i.e a tribunal with power to record evidence and to summon and compel the attendance of witness, and that action shall be taken in pursuance of the decision of the tribunal. This, however, I understand is not really intended because it is realized that probably decision of the tribunal will be that the Muslims have failed to prove their case. This will be entirely unacceptable to the Muslims and the intention, I am told, is to set up a tribunal and before it has time to function to arrive at some amicable conclusion which will result in the Muslims getting possession subject to safeguard. The tribunal will then be told that there is no need for it to continue its inquiries, though it appears to me that once the tribunal has been lawfully appointed under the Act no power short of the Legislature can stop it from completing its inquiry if it choose to do so. (Source: indicated). The ‘Islah’ strongly urges the new Government to restore the Manzilgah mosque immediately to Muslims without appointing a tribunal. The paper adds that if the Ministry fails to do so this, the Muslim public will conclude that the agitation was started for selfish ends. (Source: indicated).
    27.3.1940: Government of Sindh appoints a Court of Inquiry under Section 3 of the Public Inquires Act,1940 to inquire in matters connected with Sukkur riots. (Source: Government Notification). The paper ‘Jamhoor’ accuses the League and Hindu parties for all the trouble at Sukkur, and wonders what will happen with the Ministry formed of these parties at the helm of affairs and occupying the ‘thrones of Law and Justice’. (Source: indicated).
    05.04.1940: The Chief Secretary to the Government of Sindh, in his Fortnightly Report writes that ‘ With the advent of the new Ministry (Headed by Mir Bandeh Ali Khan Talpur), the Manzilgah is not as much a live issue as it was  in the past – though the final disposal of this throny problem is awaited by the public with interest. Government have appointed one of Judges of the Judicial Commissioner’s court to inquire into the riots. Meanwhile, Mr. Ali Muhammad Rashdi has written yet another  pamphlet called ‘ A Cursory Glance at the Politics of Sindh’, copies of which, it is understood, were distributed at the 27th session of the All-India Muslim League at Lahore. In the brochure Khan Bahadur Allah Bux is severly criticised. The Hindus for their part have not forgotten the riots and reports have been received  that Sukkur Day was observed in all the principal towns of Sindh and also at Calcutta, where Hindus were asked to organize their forces under the Hindu Mahasabha and no longer trust in non-violence. Retaliation was even suggested on Muslims in provinces where Muslims are in minority. The diehards among Hindus still urge that the Manzilgah should be Government property. (Source: Letter No.P-25-H-S/40).
    06.04.1940: The Hindu Panchayat at Diplo adopted a resolution congratulating the editor of the ‘Sansar Samachar’ on his prosecution and condeming Government for it and urging its withdrawal. The paper notifies that a sum of Rs.750 has so for been collected for the editor’s defence. (Source: The Sansar Samachar).
    07.04.1940: The Court of Inquiry issues notices for a prelimnary hearing. (Source: The Daily Alwahid).
    09.04.1940: While apprising the Viceroy of the Manzilgah affair, the Sind writes to him that ‘ The Manzilgah business is going to be investigated by the same officer, Mr. Justice Weston, who is in charge of the Sukkur Riots Tribunal. I do not think that my Ministry are already out of their difficulties and I have warned them that they can not expect a high judicial Officer to pay any attention to their manoeuvres for a compromise while he is conducting the inquiry. I have heared that the Chief Minister has also been warned in the same strain by the Judicial Commissioner. (Source: Date of letter indicated).
    19.4.1940: Pakistan Day is observed at Sukkur  and a procession  is taken out  that ended in a meeting at which besides the Pakistan resolution is adopted sympathising wit Dr. Muhammad Yamin on his conviction under Section 153-A, Indian Penal Code, and appealing to the Government to withdraw  all cases against the members and workers of the Sukkur Masjid Manzigah Restoration Committee. (Source: Newspapers).
    20.4.1940:The Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh, in his Report for the Government of India writes: ‘With the advent of the new Ministry the Manzilgah agitation  has deied down, thus giving support to the belief that it was engineered mainly to overthrow the Allah Bux Ministry. After adjournment of the Assembly, the Premier with two of his colleagues proceeded to Sukkur  and his visit has raised expectations of communal peace with an early settlement of the Manzilgah issue. (Source: letter No. P-25-H-S/40). Representatives on behalf of Hindu and Muslim Association appear before Court of Inquiry, at Sukkur. (Source: Newspapers). Shaikh Wajid Ali Ghulam Hussain, the dictator, and other members of the Manzilgah Restoration Committee returned to Shikarpur on expiry of the prohibitory order against them under the Sindh Ordinance. They were received at rhe railway station by 3,000 Muslims, who expressed regret at the injuries sustained by them in the lathi charge at the Manzilgah. Shaikh Wajid in thanking them said it was gratifying to note that their trifling sacrifices had brought the downfall of the Allah Bux Ministry (Source: Chief Secretary to the Government of Sind’s Report).
    24.4.1940: The Sindh Governor while apprising the Viceroy of India of the Sukkur Situation, writes that ‘ Three of my Ministers- The Premier Mir Bandah Ali, Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi & Gokaldas- spent ten days in Sukkur town and the district trying to bring about improved relations between Hindus and Muslims and in particular attempting to get a settlement of the Manzilgah  before the tribunal reaches a finding. My Ministers appear to have had no sort of success and generally to have made themselves unpopular with the public of Sukkur.(Source:  Date of the letter is indicated).
    23.4.1940: Notices are published in local Newspapers by the Court of Inquiry inviting persons who desire to give evidence. (Source: Newspapers).
    03.05.1940: Mr. Valecha,Member Sindh Legislative Assembly makes application to the Court of Inquiries seeking representation on behalf of the Sukkur District Congress . (Source: “Source-Material on Sindh Congress Committee’, compiled by Gul Hayat Institute).
    05.05.1940: Hindu Panchayat submits its statement in the Court of Inquiry at Sukkur in which allegation of criminal negligence in duty are leveled against local and District Administration (Soure: Newspapers)
    06.05.1940: The Chief Secretary  to the Government of Sindh, while reporting to the Government of India on the Sukkur situation, writes, ‘ The Manzilgah problem still remains undecided. The recent visit of three Hon’able Ministers to Sukkur, which it was thought might bring  about a private settlement of this question, does not seem  to have borne any fruit. At a congregation in the Jamia Mosque of Shikarpur, Pir Ghulam Mujadid Sarhandi related his goal experiences and gave an account of the Sukkur  Manzilgah Agitation  movement. He rejoiced over the fall of the Allah Bux Ministry.  A report on the Sukkur riots  issued by Malik Ramchand Khana, Vakil of Multan, President, Arya Pritinidhi Sabha Sindh Enquiry Committee has been intercepted in the Post. In reaction to the 21-points given by the Hindu Independent Party and consequently accepted by the new Government, the Sindh Muslim League has  presented 34-points as their demads. It seems that approach of Hindus and Muslims  to the problem is so contradictory that the attempt to present an agreed case to the court hace failed. (Source: Letter No. P-25-H/S/40).The Court of Inquiries started recording Evidences at Sukkur. It continued up to 25th May,1940. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    10.5.1940: The Sindh Governor, while apprising the Viceroy of India of the progress about the proceedings of Sukkur Tribunal writes that ‘ The inquiry into the Sukkur riots has been started by the Hon’able Mr. Weston one of the judges of the Chief Court.  So far there have been only two days of hearing  and I cannot say on what lines it will develop. The Government  position is in hands of the Public Prosecutor from Karachi, Mr. O’ Sullivan, and I am convinced that he will look after the interest of the Government servants whose conduct might come under review. There has been a strong move which has received  some support from my Ministers to secure the transfer from Sukkur of the District Magistrate Mr. Kothawala and also the District Superintendent of Police Mr. Moss. The attitude which I have taken so far is that unless the Judge in charge of the inquiry vreports to my Government that the proceedings of his Enquiry are being subjected to intereference by either of these officers, I shall not consider that the transfer of these officers now would amount to strong expression of disapproval of their conduct during the riots. (Source: indicated).
    14.5.1940: K.B.Allah Bux Soomro appears before the Court of Inquiries so as to record his Evidence. (Source: Newspapers).
    16.5.1940: The Chief Secretary to the Government of Sindh, in his report prepared for the Government of India, writes that: The enquiry into the Sukkur riots continued. At one stage the Hindus threatened to boycott  the enquiry unless Government  conceded several demands, including immediate transfer of officers, who were in Sukkur during the riots. Dr. Muhammad Alam, Barrister of Lahore is appearing  on behalf of the Sindh Muslim League. He is accompanied by Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi, who has been entrusted by Sindh Muslim League with relief work in the District. (Source: Letter Mo.P-25-H-S/40).
    07.06.1940: The ‘Islah’ of Karachi (Edited by Hakim Fatih Muhammad Sehwani) which was antagonistic to the present Cabinet, in an open letter to the Governor of Sindh complains against three members of the present Ministry, viz., Shaikh Abdul Majeed Sindhi, K.B. Muhammad Ayub Khuhro and G.M.Syed, who the paper says  are mainly  responsible  for  the  sukkur  tragedy, and should be made to vacate their offices and stand their trial before the Court of Inquiry. (Source: Reported by the Chief Secretary to Government of Sindh).
    21.6.1940: The Chief Secretary to the Government of Sindh writes in his report that ‘ There are indications that communal relations in Sukkur  have worsened during the last few days. The convictions in some of the riot cases and the evidence before  the Court of Enquiry have aggravated communal animosity, and the old question is again being asked which community is to blame for the riots? Some leaders are anxious to faciliate a settlement by withdrawing witnesses of both the communities from the enquiry. The Muslims however feel that it would not bee in their interest to withdraw at this stage when Hindu case has been fully represented. (Letter No.P-25-H-S/40, date indicated).
    22.6.1940: The Governor of Sindh while apprising the Viceroy of India of the progress report about the Tribunal writes that ‘ I rather fear that the Sukkur enquiry conducted by Mr. Waston may continue for the greater part of the month of June, by the end of which time there is likelihood that tempers will be short on both sides. The Court yesterday is reported to have sat in camera, as it was pleaded on behalf of certain witnesses who were to give evidence in respect of what happened in one of Hindu villages that the witnesses were to frightened to give evidence in the presence of a prominent  Zamindar of the neighbourhood.(Source: The Date of letter indicated).
    24.6.1940: The Court of Inquiries starts recording Evidences at Karachi. The was was completed on 7th July,1940.At Sukkur and Karachi total 109 witnesses were examined. Today Moulana Muhammad Sadik of Khada and Foujdar Umar Khan recorded their statements and evidences befory  Court at Karachi (Source: The Daily Al-Wahid, Karachi).
    13.7.1940: The Sindh Governor apprising the Viceroy of India of the Sukkur affair writes him that ‘ Today is the last day of the arguments in the Sukkur riots inquiry cases.  The Muslims have been very badly represented by Ali Muhammad Shah Rashdi,. We wanted to arrest him at the time of the trouble, but he slipped away to Lahore. There was a fine battle between K.B.Khuhro, my P.W.D Minister,  and Allah Bux , ex-Premier, before the Court and one or the other has lied extensively on a very important point. Each says the other one is liar and Allah Bux, I know, is applying to the presiding Judge for permission to prosecute Khuhro for perjury. Khuhro is, to my knowledge, such a habitual liar that I should think it unlikely that he refrained from lying merely because he was on oath before the inquiring Judge. (Source: date indicated).
    09.08.1940: The Judge, E.Weston submitts his report on the Sukkur riots. It contains 11 chapters alongwith 4 appexies. This is very important documen on the subject. In his Summary of the report, he writes that: ‘ The Hindus who suffered the more seriously in life, and who alone suffered substantially in property, are entitled to sympathy. The situation largely was not of their creation…. I do not suggest that a narrow communal attitude is peculiar to the Hindus, but as the major community in Sukkur, it may be said that they have the major responsibility for creation there of a spirit of reason; and without such a spirit the outlook for the town and for the district cannot be hopeful. As in 1930, so also in 1939 the spark which caused the conflagration was killed in Sukkur’. (Source: Inquiry Report).
    After the publication of the report it occupied a prominent place in all newspapers. It was quoted extensively . The ‘Daily Gazette’, reviewing the report, blames the attitude of the ex-Premiers and remarks: ‘A Premier without a consistent line of action, he ran from pillar to post courting Hindu members at one time and Muslim members at another. As a political bargains varied so did his orders  to  the District Magistrate of Sukkur’. The ‘Sindh Observer’, commenting on the report  remarks: ‘ K.B.Allah Bux richly deserves the strietures passed  upon……The ex-Premier was attempting  to  reconcile the irreconcilables; had always an eye on his seat in the Assembly from Sukkur District- Whether he would be able to retain it in the face of incensed Muslim opposition at next election, would not arrive at any decision; would spend days and weeks in useless and infructuous discussions; would not enforce the ordinance specially issued to curb the mischief but allowed it to rust; and never was willing, as the  Judge said. To give up his Premiership, pretending all the time that he was not enamoured of his office’. Remarking on the part played by the Muslim League, the paper remarks: ‘But League got the Ministry  they  thirsted for by overthrowing K.B. Allah Bux. Here we cannot  help remarking that the Governor should  himself have guided properly his in-experienced ministers at a critical moment on account of his own  large  and wider experience, which they did not get from him. It is as if the Governor  did not exist in those days, everything being left in the hands of K.B.Allah Bux Soomro, although it became clear at some stage or other  that the Premier was hopelessly bungling and required the guidance of a mature and firmer brain that of the Governor.’ The ‘Sansar Samachar’ remarks that the report has connived at the sins of the officials.’ The ‘Hindu’ writes that although the official have been exonerated many serious allegations have been admitted against the Police Department and exhorts the Inspector-General of Police to take proper steps to remove this blot on name of the police’.